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Jannat K, Balakrishnan R, Han JH, Yu YJ, Kim GW, Choi DK. The Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Seaweed: A Potential Therapeutic Source. Cells 2023; 12:2652. [PMID: 37998387 PMCID: PMC10670678 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are the seventh leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Clinical observations of NDD patients are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain along with memory decline. The common pathological hallmarks of NDDs include oxidative stress, the dysregulation of calcium, protein aggregation, a defective protein clearance system, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and damage to cholinergic neurons. Therefore, managing this pathology requires screening drugs with different pathological targets, and suitable drugs for slowing the progression or prevention of NDDs remain to be discovered. Among the pharmacological strategies used to manage NDDs, natural drugs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the neuroprotective potential of seaweed and its bioactive compounds, and safety issues, which may provide several beneficial insights that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Hyuk Han
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ye-Ji Yu
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Won Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
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Lee KH, Jang YJ, Hwang WS, Kwon KS, Lee WY, Kim J, Kim SP, Friedman M. Edible algae (Ecklonia cava) bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms in liquid culture and its isolated fractions protect mice against allergic asthma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:242. [PMID: 36115955 PMCID: PMC9482293 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecklonia cava is an edible marine brown alga harvested from the ocean that is widely consumed in Asian countries as a health-promoting medicinal food The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anti-asthma mechanism of a new functional food produced by bioprocessing edible algae Ecklonia cava and shiitake Lentinula edodes mushroom mycelia and isolated fractions. METHODS We used as series of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, cell assays, and an in vivo mouse assay to evaluate the asthma-inhibitory effect of Ecklonia cava bioprocessed (fermented) with Lentinula edodes shiitake mushroom mycelium and its isolated fractions in mast cells and in orally fed mice. RESULTS The treatments inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, suggesting anti-asthma effects in vitro. The in vitro anti-asthma effects in cells were confirmed in mice following the induction of asthma by alumina and chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Oral administration of the bioprocessed Ecklonia cava and purified fractions suppressed the induction of asthma and was accompanied by the inhibition of inflammation- and immune-related substances, including eotaxin; thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); OVA-specific IgE; leukotriene C4 (LTC4); prostaglandin D2 (PGD2); and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and other fluids and organs. Th2 cytokines were reduced and Th1 cytokines were restored in serum, suggesting the asthma-induced inhibitory effect is regulated by the balance of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Serum levels of IL-10, a regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokine, were increased, further favoring reduced inflammation. Histology of lung tissues revealed that the treatment also reversed the thickening of the airway wall and the contraction and infiltration of bronchial and blood vessels and perialveolar inflammatory cells. The bioprocessed Ecklonia cava/mushroom mycelia new functional food showed the highest inhibition as compared with commercial algae and the fractions isolated from the bioprocessed product. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro cell and in vivo mouse assays demonstrate the potential value of the new bioprocessed formulation as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic combination of natural compounds against allergic asthma and might also ameliorate allergic manifestations of foods, drugs, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeo Jin Jang
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food & Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki Sun Kwon
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeanman Kim
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Kim
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mendel Friedman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, Albany, CA, USA.
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Role of natural products towards the SARS-CoV-2: A critical review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104062. [PMID: 35814035 PMCID: PMC9249430 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that various therapeutic compounds are being investigated, there is still a scarcity of effective and reliable therapeutic regimens to treat COVID-19. Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic, a diversity of traditional herbal treatments has been investigated to cure infected people, either alone or in conjunction with mainstream pharmaceuticals, with encouraging outcomes. In this article, we look at the latest research on the usage of natural products to alleviate the severity of COVID-19. To determine the activity of the natural products, act against SARS-CoV-2 to various targets like Mpro, ACE-II, papain-like, chymotrypsin-like proteases, and some antiviral targets. The processes underlying this preventative or therapeutic action are also examined. We used PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the WHO site to perform our review. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 impacts of various herbal extracts and purified compounds may be mediated via direct prevention of viral replication or entrance. Interestingly, certain items might avert SARS-CoV-2 from infecting human cells by blocking the ACE-2 protein or the serine protease TMPRRS2. Natural products have also been stated to suppress proteins intricate in the virus life cycle, like papain-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases. To conclude, natural products can be used alone or in combination as remedies or treatments for COVID-19. In addition, their compositions may provide insight into the development of effective and reliable antiviral drugs. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resulted in thousands of deaths across the world. Globally, numerous studies and researchers have recently started fighting this virus. In this article, we look at the latest research on the usage of natural products to alleviate the severity of COVID-19. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 impacts of various herbal extracts and purified compounds may be mediated via direct prevention of viral replication or entrance.
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Anti-Obesity Effects of Ecklonia cava Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020310. [PMID: 35204193 PMCID: PMC8868354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a global epidemic as a result of high-calorie food intake and unhealthy lifestyles. Different marine plants, especially brown algae (Ecklonia cava), are traditionally used to treat different health-related issues. The study was carried out to investigate the anti-obesity properties of E. cava 70% ethanol extract. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of E. cava, both in vitro and in vivo tests were performed. E. cava suppresses pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In HFD-induced obese rats’ models, administration of E. cava 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly decreases total body weight and organs, especially liver weight, in all treatment groups. Adipose tissue weight, including subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue, was markedly reduced in E. cava-treated HFD rats in dose-dependent manners. In addition, liver-related biomarkers AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were evaluated; the lower level of liver-related biomarkers indicates no liver injury or fatty liver issue in E. cava HFD treatment groups. In addition, E. cava treatment has significant effects on the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic (PPAR-γ, FAS, LPL, and SREBP-1c) genes. Altogether, these results show the anti-obesity effect of E. cava. We concluded that E. cava could be a potential candidate for the prevention of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet.
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Yang M, Sun P, Fan Z, Khan A, Xue Q, Wang Y, Cao J, Cheng G. Safety evaluation and hypolipidemic effect of aqueous-ethanol and hot-water extracts from E Se tea in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112506. [PMID: 34389369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
E Se tea, processed by the fresh leaves of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, is a traditional herbal tea with various human benefits. The present study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity and hypolipidemic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract (EE) and hot-water extract (WE) from E Se tea. Eight main chemical constituents in EE and WE were respectively identified and quantified by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. EE is rich in TPC and TFC, while WE had higher TPS content. Both EE and WE exhibited strong antioxidant activity with no significant difference. The acute toxicity study revealed that the LD50 values were higher than 5000 mg/kg, while both WE and EE had no significant adverse effect in rats by subacute toxicity assay. However, the triglyceride (TG) content in experiment groups (male) and highest doses groups (female) significantly decreased. Furthermore, the hypolipidemic effect of WE and EE were performed on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. The result exhibited that either WE or EE could effectively regulate lipid droplet accumulation in liver, and reduce the adipocyte size. These results demonstrated that these two extracts from E Se tea could be regarded as a potential functional dietary supplement in preventing and treating diet induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pengzhen Sun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhifeng Fan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Department of Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Benarba B, Pandiella A. Medicinal Plants as Sources of Active Molecules Against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1189. [PMID: 32848790 PMCID: PMC7427466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been declared world pandemic causing a worrisome number of deaths, especially among vulnerable citizens, in 209 countries around the world. Although several therapeutic molecules are being tested, no effective vaccines or specific treatments have been developed. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, different traditional herbal medicines with promising results have been used alone or in combination with conventional drugs to treat infected patients. Here, we review the recent findings regarding the use of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for this preventive or therapeutic effect are discussed. We conducted literature research using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. Dissertations and theses were not considered. Only the situation reports edited by the WHO were included. The different herbal products (extracts) and purified molecules may exert their anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry. Interestingly, some products may block the ACE-2 receptor or the serine protease TMPRRS2 required by SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells. In addition, natural products were shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle related proteins such as papain-like or chymotrypsin-like proteases. In conclusion, we suggest that natural products could be used alone or in combination as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria,*Correspondence: Bachir Benarba,
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-IBSAL-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Li Y, Zhuang Y, Tian W, Sun L. In vivo acute and subacute toxicities of phenolic extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) peels by oral administration. Food Chem 2020; 320:126618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang M, Wu Z, Wang Y, Kai G, Singor Njateng GS, Cai S, Cao J, Cheng G. Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of ethanol extract from aerial parts of Epigynum auritum in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110534. [PMID: 31150781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute and subacute toxicities of the ethanol extract from Epigynum auritum (EAE) wereperformed by oral administration in pathogen-free mice. Acute toxicity study was performed at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, while subacute toxicity test was conducted by daily oral administration of EAE at doses of 312, 625, 1250, and 2500 mg/kg for 28 days. Acute toxicity study showed that LD50 of EAE was over 5000 mg/kg. The results of subacute toxicity showed no significant adverse effect of EAE at 312 mg/kg. Moreover, EAE exhibited toxicities to liver, spleen and kidney in mice determined by hematological, serum biochemical and histological analyses during daily oral administration of 1250 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg EAE. The results revealed that the dose of EAE lower than 625 mg/kg can be regarded as safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihuan Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang HX, Guan J, Tian YH, Su GY, Zhao YQ. Acute and sub-chronic 90-day oral toxicity study of Perilla seed oil in rodents and Beagle dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:229-236. [PMID: 30703409 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Perilla seeds are used as food and traditional medicine in China. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity profile of Perilla seed oil (PSO), which is the main constituent of Perilla seeds in rodents and Beagle dogs. No significant treatment-associated toxicity or mortality was observed at PSO dosages of up to 50 g/kg and 20 g/kg in KM mice and Wistar rats, respectively, suggesting that PSO was well tolerated by the experimental rodents. Sub-chronic oral toxicity of PSO was studied in dogs at doses of 3, 6 and 12 g/kg/d for 90 days followed by a 30 day recovery period. The results indicated that the body weight increased in all-dose groups more than control group, typical of animals on diets rich in fatty acids. Treatment-related side effects, including changes in hematology and serum biochemistry parameters, histopathology of liver and lymph glands, were observed in the high and moderate-dose dogs. However, these changes disappeared after the doses were withdrawn during the recovery period, except for alteration of liver in the high-dose group. In conclusion, the "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) of oral administration of PSO for 90 days in Beagle dogs was considered to be 3 g/kg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xing Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Xinzhong Modern Medicine Co.,Ltd., Shenyang, 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Liaoning Xinzhong Modern Medicine Co.,Ltd., Shenyang, 110041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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