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Yu YL, Wu YW, Jiao YH, Liu FM, Wang B, Cao J, Ye LH. Nontargeted metabolomics and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities for chemical and biological characterization of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116040. [PMID: 38387129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The chemical and biologically active characterization of jujube samples (fruits, cores, and leaves) were carried out by the integrated nontargeted metabolomics and bioassay. Firstly, collision cross-section values of active compounds in jujubes were determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Then, a multidimensional statistical analysis that contained principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis was employed to effectively cluster different tissues and types of jujubes, making identification more scientific. Furthermore, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to evaluate the quality of jujubes from a double activity dimension. The analytical results obtained by using ACE and DPPH to evaluate the quality of jujube were different from multivariate statistics, providing a reference for the application of jujube. Therefore, integrating chemical and biological perspectives to evaluate the quality of jujube provided a more comprehensive evaluation and effective reference for clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Jiao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Fang-Ming Liu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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Pandey J, Gaire S, Sharma K, Pun D, Gyawali A, Lamichhane G, Budean D, Devkota HP. Exploring the potentials of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. seed kernel oil as pharmaceutical oil base: Physicochemical characterization and ketoconazole soap formulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21034. [PMID: 38106666 PMCID: PMC10722321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) is a large spiny shrub or small tree, native to the Indian subcontinent that can reach a maximum height of 9-15 m. This plant stands as a renowned tropical fruit variety, commonly recognized as the Indian plum, Desert apple, or Indian Jujube. The objective of this study was to examine the standard physicochemical parameters of Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil and to formulate the ketoconazole soap (2 % w/w), using the obtained oil, as a base. The oil was obtained through hexane extraction from the seed kernels. To formulate pharmaceutical ketoconazole soap, Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil was subjected to a basic saponification reaction using potassium hydroxide. All the examined physicochemical parameters, namely acid value (4.71 mg KOH/g), saponification value (229.18 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (4.15 milliequivalents KOH/g), ester value (224.47 mg KOH/g), iodine value (11.19 mg KOH/g), refractive index (1.448), pH (5.93), viscosity (89 cP), and specific gravity (0.912 g/mL) were within the acceptable range for industrial purposes. The examination of quality control parameters, namely drug content (99.49 %), total fatty matter (71.13 %), foam retention time (17.21 min), foam height (18.56 cm), moisture content (9.14 %), and pH (7.16) indicated that the newly formulated ketoconazole soap complied with the acceptable limits. In summary, our research demonstrated the excellent physicochemical stability of Z. mauritiana seed kernel oil and its suitability as a soap base, supporting its promising prospects for cost-effective production of cosmetics, soaps, and shampoos in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries, reducing reliance on synthetic bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal, 32900, Nepal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Sushan Gaire
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal, 32900, Nepal
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal, 32900, Nepal
| | - Dila Pun
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal, 32900, Nepal
| | - Anjali Gyawali
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal, 32900, Nepal
| | - Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - David Budean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
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Chidambaram K. Identification of BACE-1 Inhibitors against Alzheimer’s Disease through E-Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies: An Insilco Approach. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040952. [PMID: 37109481 PMCID: PMC10142975 DOI: 10.3390/life13040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer is a severe memory and cognitive impairment neurodegenerative disease that is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and characterized by the pathological accumulation of tau protein and amyloid-beta peptides. In this study, we have developed E-pharmacophore modeling to screen the eMolecules database with the help of a reported co-crystal structure bound with Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE-1). Flumemetamol, florbetaben, and florbetapir are currently approved drugs for use in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the benefits of commercially approved drugs, there is still a need for novel diagnostic agents with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties compared to those currently used in clinical practice and research. In the E-pharmacophore modeling results, it is revealed that two aromatic rings (R19, R20), one donor (D12), and one acceptor (A8) are obtained, and also that similar pharmacophoric features of compounds are identified from pharmacophore-based virtual screening. The identified screened hits were filtered for further analyses using structure-based virtual screening and MM/GBSA. From the analyses, top hits such as ZINC39592220 and en1003sfl.46293 are selected based on their top docking scores (−8.182 and −7.184 Kcal/mol, respectively) and binding free energy (−58.803 and −56.951 Kcal/mol, respectively). Furthermore, a molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA study were performed, which revealed admirable stability and good binding free energy throughout the simulation period. Moreover, Qikprop results revealed that the selected, screened hits have good drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. The screened hits ZINC39592220 and en1003sfl.46293 could be used to develop drug molecules against Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Qara Campus, King Khalid University, Asir Province, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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