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Seo J, Lee H, Hwan Ahn S, Yoon M. Feasibility study of a scintillation sheet-based detector for fluence monitoring during external photon beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 2023; 112:102628. [PMID: 37354806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the properties of a scintillation sheet-based dosimetry system for beam monitoring with high spatial resolution, including the effects of this system on the treatment beam. The dosimetric characteristics and feasibility of this system for clinical use were also evaluated. METHODS The effects of the dosimetry system on the beam were evaluated by measuring the percentage depth doses, dose profiles, and transmission factors. Fifteen treatment plans were created, and the influence of the dosimetry system on these clinical treatment plans was evaluated. The performance of the system was assessed by determining signal linearity, dose rate dependence, and reproducibility. The feasibility of the system for clinical use was evaluated by comparing intensity distributions with reference intensity distributions verified by quality assurance. RESULTS The spatial resolution of the dosimetry system was found to be 0.43 mm/pixel when projected to the isocenter plane. The dosimetry system attenuated the intensity of 6 MV beams by about 1.1%, without affecting the percentage depth doses and dose profiles. The response of the dosimetry system was linear, independent of the dose rate used in the clinic, and reproducible. Comparison of intensity distributions of evaluation treatment fields with reference intensity distributions showed that the 1%/1 mm average gamma passing rate was 99.6%. CONCLUSIONS The dosimetry system did not significantly alter the beam characteristics, indicating that the system could be implemented by using only a transmission factor. The dosimetry system is clinically suitable for monitoring treatment beam delivery with higher spatial resolution than other transmission detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Seo
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myonggeun Yoon
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; FieldCure Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen A, Zhu J, Wang N, Chen L, Chen L. Comparison of three-dimensional patient-specific dosimetry systems with delivery errors: Toward a new synchronous measurement method. Phys Med 2021; 90:134-141. [PMID: 34644660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study proposed a synchronous measurement method for patient-specific dosimetry using two three-dimensional dose verification systems with delivery errors. METHODS Twenty hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment plans for patients with lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Monitor unit (MU) changes, leaf in-position errors, and angles of deviation of the collimator were intentionally introduced to investigate the detection sensitivity of the EDose + EPID (EE) and Dolphin + Compass (DC) systems. RESULTS Both systems accurately detected the MU modifications and had a similar ability to detect leaf in-position errors. The detection of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) errors was difficult for the whole body using different gamma criteria. When the introduced MLC error was 1.0 mm, the numbers of errors detected in the clinical target volume (CTV) by the EE system were 20, 20, and 20 and the numbers of errors detected by the DC system were 18, 19, and 20, at 3%/2 mm, 2%/2 mm, and 1%/1 mm, respectively. The average dose deviation of all DVH parameters exceeded 3%. The gamma and DVH evaluation results remained unchanged for the DC system when different collimator angle errors were introduced. The number of errors detected by the EE system was <11 for each anatomical structure for all gamma criteria. The mean dose deviation of the CTV was not distinguished. CONCLUSIONS This synchronous measurement approach can effectively eliminate the influence of random errors during treatment. The EE and DC systems reconstruct the three-dimensional dose distribution accurately and are convenient and reliable for dose verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, NO. 651 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jinhan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, NO. 651 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 3 Kangxin Road West District, Zhongshan 528401, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, NO. 651 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, NO. 651 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Yoosuf AM, Ahmad MB, AlShehri S, Alhadab A, Alqathami M. Investigation of optimum minimum segment width on VMAT plan quality and deliverability: A comprehensive dosimetric and clinical evaluation using DVH analysis. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:29-40. [PMID: 34592787 PMCID: PMC8598144 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Minimum segment width (MSW) plays a fundamental role in the shaping of optimized apertures and creation of segments of varying sizes and shapes in complex radiotherapy treatment plans. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of MSW on dose distribution in patients planned with VMAT for various treatment sites using dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis. Materials and methods For the validation of optimum MSW, 125 clinical treatment plans were evaluated. Five groups were identified (brain, head and neck, thorax, pelvis, and extremity), and five cases were chosen from each group. For each case, five plans were created with different MSW (0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 cm). The quality of treatment plans created using different MSW were compared using dosimetric indicators such as target coverage (D98—dose to 98% of the planning target volume (PTV), maximum dose (D2—maximum dose to 2% of the PTV), monitor units (MU), and DVH parameters related to organs at risk (OAR). The effect of the MSW on delivery accuracy was quantitatively analyzed using the measured fluence utilizing ionization chamber‐based transmission detector and model‐based dose verification system. Traditional global gamma analysis (2%, 2 mm) and dose volume information was gathered for the PTV and organs at risk and compared for different MSWs. Results A total of 125 plans were created and compared across five groups. In terms of treatment plan quality, the plans using MSW of 0.5 cm was found to be superior in all groups. PTV coverage (D98) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the MSW increased. Similarly, the maximum dose (D2) was found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the MSW increased from 0.5 cm, with MSW of 1.5 cm being the least in terms of plan quality for both PTVs and OARs. In terms of plan deliverability using DVH analysis, treatment planning system (TPS) compared to measured fluence, VMAT plans produced with MSW of 0.5 cm showed a better dosimetric index and a smaller deviation for both PTVs and OARs. The deliverability of the plans deteriorated as the MSW increased. Conclusion Dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis demonstrated that treatment plans with minimal MSW showed better plan quality and deliverability and provided clinical relevance as compared to gamma index analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Mohamed Yoosuf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem AlShehri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alhadab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Alqathami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ade N, du Plessis FCP. Out-of-field scattering from the Integral Quality Monitor® in megavolt photon beams. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109449. [PMID: 33317891 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate out-of-field scattered doses from the Integral Quality Monitor (IQM) transmission detector in megavoltage photon beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured out-of-field point doses for 20 × 20 cm2 6-15 MV photon beams using 10 × 2 cm2 Gafchromic EBT3 film strips placed across the surfaces of 5-cm thick water-equivalent RW3 slabs. The films were placed at 10 cm intervals from the central axis (CAX) of each beam, up to 1.0 m away on opposite sides of the CAX. The measurements were conducted at 80 cm and 100 cm source-to-surface distances (SSD) without the IQM, and were repeated with the IQM in the paths of the beams. Measurements were also performed at 90 cm SSD for 20 × 20 and 30 × 30 cm2 15 MV fields. Surface dose profiles were then constructed from the measurements for each beam setup with and without the IQM to examine the differences in scattered dose off-axis. The dose profile for each beam setup was normalised to dose maximum measured on the CAX. RESULTS Overall, surface dose profiles acquired with the IQM in the paths of the beams were higher than the corresponding profiles without the IQM. The out-of-field dose increased with increase in photon energy, field size, and shorter SSDs, and decreased with off-axis distance. At 80 cm SSD for the 20 × 20 cm2 field, the IQM-induced surface dose ranged from -0.6% ÷ 1.9%, -0.3% ÷ 3.0%, and 0.3% ÷ 6.8% for 6, 10, and 15 MV beams, respectively. CONCLUSION The higher surface dose profiles measured with the IQM attached to the linac compared to the profiles without the IQM indicates that the device is acting as an additional source of scattered radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ade
- Medical Physics Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - F C P du Plessis
- Medical Physics Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Nguyen THT, Yokoyama H, Kojima H, Isomura N, Takemura A, Ueda S, Noto K. Effect of an integral quality monitor on 4-, 6-, 10-MV, and 6-MV flattening filter-free photon beams. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2020; 22:76-91. [PMID: 33270985 PMCID: PMC7856493 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of an integral quality monitor (IQM; iRT Systems GmbH, Koblenz, Germany) on 4, 6, 10, and 6‐MV flattening filter‐free (FFF) photon beams. Methods We assessed surface dose, PDD20,10, TPR20,10, PDD curves, inline and crossline profiles, transmission factor, and output factor with and without the IQM. PDD, transmission factor, and output factor were measured for square fields of 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm and profiles were performed for square fields of 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm at 5‐, 10‐, and 30‐cm depth. Results The differences in surface dose of all energies for square fields of 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm were within 3.7% whereas for a square field of 30 cm, they were 4.6%, 6.8%, 6.7%, and 8.7% for 4‐MV, 6‐MV, 6‐MV‐FFF, and 10‐MV, respectively. Differences in PDD20,10, TPR20,10, PDD, profiles, and output factors were within ±1%. Local and global gamma values (2%/2 mm) were below 1 for PDD beyond dmax and inline/crossline profiles in the central beam region, respectively. The gamma passing rates (10% threshold) for PDD curves and profiles were above 95% at 2%/2 mm. The transmission factors for 4‐MV, 6‐MV, 6‐MV‐FFF, and 10‐MV for field sizes from 3 × 3 to 30 × 30 cm2 were 0.926–0.933, 0.937–0.941, 0.937–0.939, and 0.949–0.953, respectively. Conclusions The influence of the IQM on the beam quality (in particular 4‐MV X‐ray has not verified before) was tested and introduced a slight beam perturbation at the surface and build‐up region and the edge of the crossline/inline profiles. To use IQM in pre‐ and intra‐treatment quality assurance, a tray factor should be put into treatment planning systems for the dose calculation for the 4‐, 6‐, 10‐, and 6‐MV flattening filter‐free photon beams to compensate the beam attenuation of the IQM detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hong Thi Nguyen
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruna Yokoyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Kojima
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Isomura
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ueda
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimiya Noto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Ade N, du Plessis F. Feasibility of using a single transmission factor for the Integral Quality Monitor ® on dynamic 15 MV photon beams. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jeong S, Yoon M, Chung K, Ahn SH, Lee B, Seo J. Clinical application of a gantry-attachable plastic scintillating plate dosimetry system in pencil beam scanning proton therapy beam monitoring. Phys Med 2020; 77:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Esposito M, Villaggi E, Bresciani S, Cilla S, Falco MD, Garibaldi C, Russo S, Talamonti C, Stasi M, Mancosu P. Clarifications on our review on estimating dose delivery accuracy in stereotactic body radiation therapy: A review of in-vivo measurement methods: In response to the letter of Kos. Radiother Oncol 2020; 153:320-321. [PMID: 32663534 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Esposito
- S.C. Fisica Sanitaria Firenze-Empoli, Azienda Sanitaria USL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | | | - Sara Bresciani
- Medical Physics, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Daniela Falco
- Department of Radiation Oncology "G. D'Annunzio", University of Chieti, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Garibaldi
- Radiation Research Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella Russo
- S.C. Fisica Sanitaria Firenze-Empoli, Azienda Sanitaria USL Toscana Centro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Talamonti
- University of Florence, Dept Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Science, "Mario Serio", Medical Physics Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Stasi
- Medical Physics, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Turin, Italy.
| | - Pietro Mancosu
- Medical Physics Unit of Radiotherapy Dept., Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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Mahuvava C, Du Plessis FCP. External beam patient dose verification based on the integral quality monitor (IQM ®) output signals. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:035014. [PMID: 33438659 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integral Quality Monitor (IQM®) can essentially measure the integral fluence through a segment and provide real-time information about the accuracy of radiation delivery based on comparisons of measured segment signals and pre-calculated reference values. However, the present IQM chamber cannot calculate the dose in the patient. AIM This study aims to make use of IQM field output signals to calculate the number of monitor units (MUs) delivered through an arbitrary treatment field in order to convert Monte Carlo (MC)-generated dose distributions in a patient model into absolute dose. METHODS XiO and Monaco treatment planning systems (TPSs) were used to define treatment beam portals for cervix and esophagus conformal radiotherapy as well as prostate intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the translation of patient and beam setup information from DICOM to DOSXYZnrc. The planned beams were simulated in a patient model built from actual patient CT images and each simulated integral field/segment was weighted with its MUs before summation to get the total dose in the plan. The segment beam weights (MUs) were calculated as the ratio of the open-field IQM measured signal and the calculated signal per MU extracted from chamber sensitivity maps. These are the actual MUs delivered not just MUs set. The beam weighting method was evaluated by comparing weighted MC doses with original planned doses using profile and isodose comparisons, dose difference maps, γ analysis and dose-volume histogram (DVH) data. RESULTS γ pass rates of up to 98% were found, except for the esophagus plan where the γ pass rate was below 45%. DVH comparisons showed good agreement for most organs, with the largest differences observed in low-density lung. However, these discrepancies can result from differences in dose calculation algorithms or differences in MUs used for dose weighting planned by the TPS and MUs calculated using IQM field output signals. To test this, a 4-field box DOSXYZnrc MC simulation weighted with planned (XiO) MUs was compared with the same simulation weighted with IQM-based MUs. Dose differences of up to 5% were found on the isocentre slice. For XiO versus MC, up to 7% dose differences were found, indicating additional error due to limitations of XiO's superposition algorithm. Dose differences between MC Monaco and MC EGSnrc were less than 3%. CONCLUSIONS The most valuable comparison was MC versus MC as it eliminated algorithm discrepancies and evaluated dose differences precisely according to beam weighting. For XiO TPS, care must be taken as dose differences may also arise due to limitations in XiO's planning software, not merely due to differences in MUs. Overall, the IQM was successfully used to compute beam dose weights to accurately reconstruct the patient dose using unweighted MC beams. Our technique can be used for pre-treatment QA provided each segment output is known and an accurate linac source model is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courage Mahuvava
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Utitsarn K, Biasi G, Stansook N, Alrowaili ZA, Petasecca M, Carolan M, Perevertaylo VL, Tomé WA, Kron T, Lerch MLF, Rosenfeld AB. Two-dimensional solid-state array detectors: A technique for in vivo dose verification in a variable effective area. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:88-94. [PMID: 31609090 PMCID: PMC6839376 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We introduce a technique that employs a 2D detector in transmission mode (TM) to verify dose maps at a depth of dmax in Solid Water. TM measurements, when taken at a different surface-to-detector distance (SDD), allow for the area at dmax (in which the dose map is calculated) to be adjusted. METHODS We considered the detector prototype "MP512" (an array of 512 diode-sensitive volumes, 2 mm spatial resolution). Measurements in transmission mode were taken at SDDs in the range from 0.3 to 24 cm. Dose mode (DM) measurements were made at dmax in Solid Water. We considered radiation fields in the range from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2 , produced by 6 MV flattened photon beams; we derived a relationship between DM and TM measurements as a function of SDD and field size. The relationship was used to calculate, from TM measurements at 4 and 24 cm SDD, dose maps at dmax in fields of 1 × 1 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2 , and in IMRT fields. Calculations were cross-checked (gamma analysis) with the treatment planning system and with measurements (MP512, films, ionization chamber). RESULTS In the square fields, calculations agreed with measurements to within ±2.36%. In the IMRT fields, using acceptance criteria of 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 1%/1 mm, calculations had respective gamma passing rates greater than 96.89%, 90.50%, 62.20% (for a 4 cm SSD); and greater than 97.22%, 93.80%, 59.00% (for a 24 cm SSD). Lower rates (1%/1 mm criterion) can be explained by submillimeter misalignments, dose averaging in calculations, noise artifacts in film dosimetry. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to perform TM measurements at the SSD which produces the best fit between the area at dmax in which the dose map is calculated and the size of the monitored target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kananan Utitsarn
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Department of Medical ServicesLopburi Cancer HospitalLopburiThailand
| | - Giordano Biasi
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
| | - Nauljun Stansook
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Department of RadiologyFaculty of MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Ziyad A. Alrowaili
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Physics DepartmentCollege of ScienceJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Marco Petasecca
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
| | - Martin Carolan
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre (ICCC)Wollongong HospitalWollongongNSWAustralia
| | | | - Wolfgang A. Tomé
- Department of Radiation OncologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Tomas Kron
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
- Department of Physical SciencesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Michael L. F. Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
| | - Anatoly B. Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia
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Mohamed Yoosuf AB, AlShehri S, Alhadab A, Alqathami M. DVH analysis using a transmission detector and model-based dose verification system as a comprehensive pretreatment QA tool for VMAT plans: Clinical experience and results. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:80-87. [PMID: 31605456 PMCID: PMC6839390 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dose volume histogram (DVH)‐based analysis is utilized as a pretreatment quality assurance tool to determine clinical relevance from measured dose which is difficult in conventional gamma‐based analysis. In this study, we report our clinical experience with an ionization‐based transmission detector and model‐based verification system, using DVH analysis, as a comprehensive pretreatment QA tool for complex volumetric modulated arc therapy plans. Methods and Materials Seventy‐three subsequent treatment plans categorized into four clinical sites (Head and Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis) were evaluated. The average dose (Dmean) and dose received by 1% (D1) of the planning target volumes (PTVs) and organs at risks (OARs) calculated using the treatment planning system (TPS) were compared to a computed (model‐based) and reconstructed dose, from the measured fluence, using DVH analysis. The correlation between gamma (3% 3 mm) and DVH‐based analysis for targets was evaluated. Furthermore, confidence and action limits for detector and verification systems were established. Results Linear regression confirmed an excellent correlation between TPS planned and computed dose using a model‐based verification system (r2 = 1). The average percentage difference between TPS calculated and reconstructed dose for PTVs achieved using DVH analysis for each site is as follows: Head and Neck — 0.57 ± 2.8% (Dmean) and 2.6 ± 2.7% (D1), Abdomen — 0.19 ± 2.8% and 1.64 ± 2.2%, Thorax — 0.24 ± 2.1% and 3.12 ± 2.8%, Pelvis 0.37 ± 2.4% and 1.16 ± 2.3%, respectively. The average percentage of passed gamma values achieved was above 95% for all cases. However, no correlation was observed between gamma passing rates and DVH difference (%) for PTVs (r2 = 0.11). The results demonstrate a confidence limit of 5% (Dmean and D1) for PTVs using DVH analysis for both computed and reconstructed dose distribution. Conclusion DVH analysis of treatment plan using a model‐based verification system and transmission detector provided useful information on clinical relevance for all cases and could be used as a comprehensive pretreatment patient‐specific QA tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed B Mohamed Yoosuf
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem AlShehri
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alhadab
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdooh Alqathami
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Strauss L, Shaw W. Considerations for the verification of volumetric modulated arc therapy-planned dose distributions. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v3i0.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is the standard of care for many clinical indications, but should only be considered with proper technical support and quality assurance (QA) in place. Despite the high accuracy of VMAT systems, errors can be present and adequate verification is required. Dosimetric VMAT verification systems have a broadly similar analysis philosophy. However, many factors influence the analyses and the subsequent QA outcome, based on which the plan will pass or fail.Aim: This study investigated various factors that influence the dosimetric impact and detectability of known linac component deviations on VMAT QA, including geometries, tissue densities, gamma criteria and dose–volume differences.Setting: Universitas Hospital (Annex), Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: Deliberate multi-leaf collimator (MLC)-bank offsets were introduced on four different VMAT plans of the prostate, nasopharynx and brain. Measured reference dose sets were compared to measured QA results, using the IBA Dolphin© detector and Compass© software for three dosimetric scenarios. Gamma pass rates over a range of criteria from 1%/2-mm to 4%/4-mm in the total volumes and per structure, as well as dose–volume differences were studied.Results: Gamma tests in the total patient/phantom did not sufficiently detect errors. The calculation media did not influence the QA outcome greatly. However, the detection geometry affected the results. Per structure gamma analyses provided superior error detection, although still missed some clinically relevant differences. The addition of dose–volume analyses highlighted several important errors.Conclusion: Volumetric modulated arc therapy using only total volume gamma analyses can easily overlook clinically relevant errors. The choice of gamma criterion is crucial. Verification with at least a per structure gamma test in combination with dose–volume checks is recommended, especially in small target volume cases.
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Puzhakkal N, Kochunny AK, Makuny D, Krishnan M P A, Poyil RC, Raveendran V. Validation of Dolphin dosimetry in three dimensional patient-specific quality assurance programme. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2019; 24:481-490. [PMID: 31452629 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to commission and validate Dolphin-Compass dosimetry as a patient-specific Quality Assurance (QA) device. Background The advancement of radiation therapy in terms of highly conformal delivery techniques demands a novel method of patient-specific QA. Dolphin-Compass system is a dosimetry solution capable of doing different QA in radiation therapy. Materials and methods Dolphin, air-vented ionization detector array mounted on Versa-HD Linear Accelerator (LINAC) was used for measurements. The Compass is a dose computation algorithm which requires modelling of LINAC head similar to other Treatment Planning Systems (TPS). The dosimetry system was commissioned after measuring the required beam data. The validation was performed by comparison of treatment plans generated in Monaco TPS against the measurement data. Different types of simple, complex, static and dynamic radiation fields and highly conformal treatment plans of patients were used in this study. Results For all field sizes, point doses obtained from Dolphin-Compass dosimetry were in good agreement with the corresponding TPS calculated values in most of the regions, except the penumbra, outside field and at build-up depth. The results of gamma passing rates of measurements by using different Multi-leaf Collimator patterns and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy fluence were also found to be in good correlation with the corresponding TPS values. Conclusions The commissioning and validation of dosimetry was performed with the help of various fields, MLC patterns and complex treatment plans. The present study also evaluated the efficiency of the 3D dosimetry system for the QA of complex treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyas Puzhakkal
- Department of Medical Physics, MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.,Department of Physics, Farook College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Dinesh Makuny
- Department of Medical Physics, MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Krishnan M P
- Department of Medical Physics, MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjith C Poyil
- Department of Medical Physics, MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Vysakh Raveendran
- Department of Medical Physics, MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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Oderinde OM, Du Plessis F. Sensitivity evaluation of two commercial quality assurance systems to organ-dose variations of patient-specific VMAT plans. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1618080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi M. Oderinde
- Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Freek Du Plessis
- Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
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Giglioli FR, Gallio E, Franco P, Badellino S, Ricardi U, Fiandra C. Clinical evaluation of a transmission detector system and comparison with a homogeneous 3D phantom dosimeter. Phys Med 2019; 58:159-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sekar Y, Thoelking J, Eckl M, Kalichava I, Sihono DSK, Lohr F, Wenz F, Wertz H. Characterization and clinical evaluation of a novel 2D detector array for conventional and flattening filter free (FFF) IMRT pre-treatment verification. Z Med Phys 2018; 28:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nakaguchi Y, Oono T, Maruyama M, Shimohigashi Y, Kai Y, Nakamura Y. Commissioning and validation of fluence-based 3D VMAT dose reconstruction system using new transmission detector. Radiol Phys Technol 2018. [PMID: 29532322 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-018-0451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the basic performance of the three-dimensional dose verification system COMPASS (IBA Dosimetry). This system is capable of reconstructing 3D dose distributions on the patient anatomy based on the fluence measured using a new transmission detector (Dolphin, IBA Dosimetry) during treatment. The stability of the absolute dose and geometric calibrations of the COMPASS system with the Dolphin detector were investigated for fundamental validation. Furthermore, multileaf collimator (MLC) test patterns and a complicated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan were used to evaluate the accuracy of the reconstructed dose distributions determined by the COMPASS. The results from the COMPASS were compared with those of a Monte Carlo simulation (MC), EDR2 film measurement, and a treatment planning system (TPS). The maximum errors for the absolute dose and geometrical position were - 0.28% and 1.0 mm for 3 months, respectively. The Dolphin detector, which consists of ionization chamber detectors, was firmly mounted on the linear accelerator and was very stable. For the MLC test patterns, the TPS showed a > 5% difference at small fields, while the COMPASS showed good agreement with the MC simulation at small fields. However, the COMPASS produced a large error for complex small fields. For a clinical VMAT plan, COMPASS was more accurate than TPS. COMPASS showed real delivered-dose distributions because it uses the measured fluence, a high-resolution detector, and accurate beam modeling. We confirm here that the accuracy and detectability of the delivered dose of the COMPASS system are sufficient for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakaguchi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Oono
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Shimohigashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yudai Kai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakamura
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjyo, Kumamoto, Japan
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Development of Optical Fiber Based Measurement System for the Verification of Entrance Dose Map in Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Beam. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010227. [PMID: 29342941 PMCID: PMC5796397 DOI: 10.3390/s18010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a beam monitoring system for the verification of entrance dose map in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy based on fiber optic radiation sensors (FORS) and the validation of this system through a feasibility study. The beam monitoring system consisted of 128 optical fibers optically coupled to photo-multiplier tubes. The performance of the beam monitoring system based on FORS was verified by comparing 2D dose maps of square-shaped fields of various sizes, which were obtained using conventional dosimeters such as MatriXX and EBT3 film, with those measured using FORS. The resulting full-width at half maximum and penumbra were compared for PBS proton beams, with a ≤2% difference between each value, indicating that measurements using the conventional dosimetric tool corresponded to measurements based on FORS. For irregularly-shaped fields, a comparison based on the gamma index between 2D dose maps obtained using MatriXX and EBT3 film and the 2D dose map measured by the FORS showed passing rates of 96.9 ± 1.3% and 96.2 ± 1.9%, respectively, confirming that FORS-based measurements for PBS proton therapy agreed well with those measured using the conventional dosimetric tools. These results demonstrate that the developed beam monitoring system based on FORS is good candidate for monitoring the entrance dose map in PBS proton therapy.
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Pasler M, Hernandez V, Jornet N, Clark CH. Novel methodologies for dosimetry audits: Adapting to advanced radiotherapy techniques. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 5:76-84. [PMID: 33458373 PMCID: PMC7807589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With new radiotherapy techniques, treatment delivery is becoming more complex and accordingly, these treatment techniques require dosimetry audits to test advanced aspects of the delivery to ensure best practice and safe patient treatment. This review of novel methodologies for dosimetry audits for advanced radiotherapy techniques includes recent developments and future techniques to be applied in dosimetry audits. Phantom-based methods (i.e. phantom-detector combinations) including independent audit equipment and local measurement equipment as well as phantom-less methods (i.e. portal dosimetry, transmission detectors and log files) are presented and discussed. Methodologies for both conventional linear accelerator (linacs) and new types of delivery units, i.e. Tomotherapy, stereotactic devices and MR-linacs, are reviewed. Novel dosimetry audit techniques such as portal dosimetry or log file evaluation have the potential to allow parallel auditing (i.e. performing an audit at multiple institutions at the same time), automation of data analysis and evaluation of multiple steps of the radiotherapy treatment chain. These methods could also significantly reduce the time needed for audit and increase the information gained. However, to maximise the potential, further development and harmonisation of dosimetry audit techniques are required before these novel methodologies can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Pasler
- Lake Constance Radiation Oncology Center Singen-Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez
- Department of Medical Physics, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Jornet
- Servei de RadiofísicaiRadioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa CreuiSant Pau, Spain
| | - Catharine H. Clark
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
- Metrology for Medical Physics (MEMPHYS), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
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Impact of a monolithic silicon detector operating in transmission mode on clinical photon beams. Phys Med 2017; 43:114-119. [PMID: 29195553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect on surface dose, as a function of different field sizes and distances from the solid water phantom to transmission detector (Dsd), of using the monolithic silicon detector MP512T in transmission mode. METHODS The influence of operating the MP512T in transmission mode on the surface dose of a phantom for SSD 100cm was evaluated by using a Markus IC. The MP512T was fixed to an adjustable stand holder and was positioned at different Dsd, ranging from 0.3 to 24 cm. For each Dsd, measurements were carried out for irradiation field sizes of 5 × 5cm2, 8 × 8 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2. Measurements were obtained under two different operational setups, (i) with the MP512T face-up and (ii) with the MP512T face-down. In addition, the transmission factors for the MP512T and the printed circuit board were only evaluated using a Farmer IC. RESULTS For all Dsd and all field sizes, the MP512T led to the surface dose increasing by less than 25% when in the beam. For Dsd >18 cm the surface dose increase is less than 5%, and negligible for field size 5 × 5 cm2. The difference in the surface dose perturbation for the MP512T operating face up or operating face down is negligible (<2%) for all field sizes. The transmission factor of the MP512T ranged from 1.020 to 0.9950 for all measured Dsd and field sizes. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that positioning the MP512T in air between the Linac head and the phantom produced negligible perturbation of the surface dose for Dsd >18 cm, and was completely transparent for 6 MV photon beams.
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Influence of the Integral Quality Monitor transmission detector on high energy photon beams: A multi-centre study. Z Med Phys 2017; 27:232-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nakaguchi Y, Ono T, Maruyama M, Shimohigashi Y, Kai Y. Validation of a method for in vivo 3D dose reconstruction in SBRT using a new transmission detector. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2017; 18:69-75. [PMID: 28574221 PMCID: PMC5874859 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) involves the delivery of substantially larger doses over fewer fractions than conventional therapy. Therefore, SBRT treatments will strongly benefit patients using vivo patient dose verification, because the impact of the fraction is large. For in vivo measurements, a commercially available quality assurance (QA) system is the COMPASS system (IBA Dosimetry, Germany). For measurements, the system uses a new transmission detector (Dolphin, IBA Dosimetry). In this study, we evaluated the method for in vivo 3D dose reconstruction for SBRT using this new transmission detector. We confirmed the accuracy of COMPASS with Dolphin for SBRT using multi leaf collimator (MLC) test patterns and clinical SBRT cases. We compared the results between the COMPASS, the treatment planning system, the Kodak EDR2 film, and the Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. MLC test patterns were set up to investigate various aspects of dose reconstruction for SBRT: (a) simple open fields (2 × 2–10 × 10 cm2), (b) a square wave chart pattern, and (c) the MLC position detectability test in which the MLCs were changed slightly. In clinical cases, we carried out 6 and 8 static IMRT beams for SBRT in the lung and liver. For MLC test patterns, the differences between COMPASS and MC were around 3%. The COMPASS with the dolphin system showed sufficient resolution in SBRT. For clinical cases, COMPASS can detect small changes for the dose profile and dose–volume histogram. COMPASS also showed good agreement with MC. We can confirm the feasibility of SBRT QA using the COMPASS system with Dolphin. This method was successfully operated using the new transmission detector and verified by measurements and MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakaguchi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ono
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yudai Kai
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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