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Chelkha M, Blanco-Pérez R, Vicente-Díez I, Bueno-Pallero FÁ, Amghar S, El Harti A, Campos-Herrera R. Earthworms and their cutaneous excreta can modify the virulence and reproductive capability of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107620. [PMID: 34004164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Earthworms are ecological engineers that can contribute to the displacement of biological control agents such as the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and fungi (EPF). However, a previous study showed that the presence of cutaneous excreta (CEx) and feeding behavior of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae) compromise the biocontrol efficacy of certain EPN species by reducing, for example, their reproductive capability. Whether this phenomenon is a general pattern for the interaction of earthworms-entomopathogens is still unknown. We hypothesized that diverse earthworm species might differentially affect EPN and EPF infectivity and reproductive capability. Here we investigated the interaction of different earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, and Perionyx excavatus) (Haplotaxida) and EPN species (Steinernema feltiae, S. riojaense, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) (Rhabditida) or EPF species (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) (Hypocreales), in two independent experiments. First, we evaluated the application of each entomopathogen combined with earthworms or their CEx in autoclaved soil. Hereafter, we studied the impact of the earthworms' CEx on entomopathogens applied at two different concentrations in autoclaved sand. Overall, we found that the effect of earthworms on entomopathogens was species-specific. For example, E. fetida reduced the virulence of S. feltiae, resulted in neutral effects for S. riojaense, and increased H. bacteriophora virulence. However, the earthworm P. excavates increased the virulence of S. feltiae, reduced the activity of H. bacteriophora, at least at specific timings, while S. riojaense remained unaffected. Finally, none of the EPN species were affected by the presence of L. terrestris. Also, the exposure to earthworm CEx resulted in a positive, negative or neutral effect on the virulence and reproduction capability depending on the earthworm-EPN species interaction. Concerning EPF, the impact of earthworms was also differential among species. Thus, E. fetida was detrimental to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana after eight days post-exposure, whereas Lumbricus terrestris resulted only detrimental to B. bassiana. In addition, most of the CEx treatments of both earthworm species decreased B. bassiana virulence and growth. However, the EPF M. anisopliae was unaffected when exposed to L. terrestris CEx, while the exposure to E. fetida CEx produced contrasting results. We conclude that earthworms and their CEx can have positive, deleterious, or neutral impacts on entomopathogens that often coinhabit soils, and that we must consider the species specificity of these interactions for mutual uses in biological control programs. Additional studies are needed to verify these interactions under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chelkha
- Research Team "Lombricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment" (LAPSE), Ecole Normale Supérieure (E.N.S.), Centre « Eau, Ressources Naturelles, Environnement et Développement Durable (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University, Avenue Mohamed Bel Hassan El Ouazzani, BP : 5118, Takaddoum - Rabat, Morocco; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Rubén Blanco-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vicente-Díez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero
- UDIT MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Souad Amghar
- Research Team "Lombricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment" (LAPSE), Ecole Normale Supérieure (E.N.S.), Centre « Eau, Ressources Naturelles, Environnement et Développement Durable (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University, Avenue Mohamed Bel Hassan El Ouazzani, BP : 5118, Takaddoum - Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif El Harti
- Research Team "Lombricidae, Improving Soil Productivity and Environment" (LAPSE), Ecole Normale Supérieure (E.N.S.), Centre « Eau, Ressources Naturelles, Environnement et Développement Durable (CERNE2D), Mohammed V University, Avenue Mohamed Bel Hassan El Ouazzani, BP : 5118, Takaddoum - Rabat, Morocco
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain.
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Casas-Tintó S, Portela M. Cytonemes, Their Formation, Regulation, and Roles in Signaling and Communication in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225641. [PMID: 31718063 PMCID: PMC6888727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell–cell signaling in development, patterning, and differentiation, but also in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Brain tumor cells in glioblastoma extend ultralong membrane protrusions (named tumor microtubes, TMs), which contribute to invasion, proliferation, radioresistance, and tumor progression. Here we review the mechanisms underlying cytoneme formation, regulation, and their roles in cell signaling and communication in epithelial cells and other cell types. Furthermore, we discuss the recent discovery of glial cytonemes in the Drosophila glial cells that alter Wingless (Wg)/Frizzled (Fz) signaling between glia and neurons. Research on cytoneme formation, maintenance, and cell signaling mechanisms will help to better understand not only physiological developmental processes and tissue homeostasis but also cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC. Av. del Doctor Arce, 37. 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
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Czerneková M, Janelt K, Student S, Jönsson KI, Poprawa I. A comparative ultrastructure study of storage cells in the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer in the hydrated state and after desiccation and heating stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201430. [PMID: 30096140 PMCID: PMC6086413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades represent an invertebrate phylum with no circulatory or respiratory system. Their body cavity is filled with free storage cells of the coelomocyte-type, which are responsible for important physiological functions. We report a study comparing the ultrastructure of storage cells in anhydrobiotic and hydrated specimens of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer. We also analysed the effect of temperature stress on storage cell structure. Firstly, we verified two types of ultrastructurally different storage cells, which differ in cellular organelle complexity, amount and content of reserve material and connection to oogenetic stage. Type I cells were found to differ ultrastructurally depending on the oogenetic stage of the animal. The main function of these cells is energy storage. Storage cells of Type I were also observed in the single male that was found among the analysed specimens. The second cell type, Type II, found only in females, represents young undifferentiated cells, possibly stem cells. The two types of cells also differ with respect to the presence of nucleolar vacuoles, which are related to oogenetic stages and to changes in nucleolic activity during oogenesis. Secondly, this study revealed that storage cells are not ultrastructurally affected by six months of desiccation or by heating following this desiccation period. However, heating of the desiccated animals (tuns) tended to reduce animal survival, indicating that long-term desiccation makes these animals more vulnerable to heat stress. We confirmed the degradative pathways during the rehydration process after desiccation and heat stress. Our study is the first to document two ultrastructurally different types of storage cells in tardigrades and reveals new perspectives for further studies of tardigrade storage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Czerneková
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K. Ingemar Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Engelmann P, Hayashi Y, Bodó K, Ernszt D, Somogyi I, Steib A, Orbán J, Pollák E, Nyitrai M, Németh P, Molnár L. Phenotypic and functional characterization of earthworm coelomocyte subsets: Linking light scatter-based cell typing and imaging of the sorted populations. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:41-52. [PMID: 27349970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a common approach to study invertebrate immune cells including earthworm coelomocytes. However, the link between light-scatter- and microscopy-based phenotyping remains obscured. Here we show, by means of light scatter-based cell sorting, both subpopulations (amoebocytes and eleocytes) can be physically isolated with good sort efficiency and purity confirmed by downstream morphological and cytochemical applications. Immunocytochemical analysis using anti-EFCC monoclonal antibodies combined with phalloidin staining has revealed antigenically distinct, sorted subsets. Screening of lectin binding capacity indicated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) as the strongest reactor to amoebocytes. This is further evidenced by WGA inhibition assays that suggest high abundance of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine in amoebocytes. Post-sort phagocytosis assays confirmed the functional differences between amoebocytes and eleocytes, with the former being in favor of bacterial engulfment. This study has proved successful in linking flow cytometry and microscopy analysis and provides further experimental evidence of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in earthworm coelomocyte subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Somogyi
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Steib
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Orbán
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Pollák
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Molnár
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Hayashi Y, Miclaus T, Scavenius C, Kwiatkowska K, Sobota A, Engelmann P, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Enghild JJ, Sutherland DS. Species differences take shape at nanoparticles: protein corona made of the native repertoire assists cellular interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14367-14375. [PMID: 24245550 DOI: 10.1021/es404132w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells recognize the biomolecular corona around a nanoparticle, but the biological identity of the complex may be considerably different among various species. This study explores the importance of protein corona composition for nanoparticle recognition by coelomocytes of the earthworm Eisenia fetida using E. fetida coelomic proteins (EfCP) as a native repertoire and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a non-native reference. We have profiled proteins forming the long-lived corona around silver nanoparticles (75 nm OECD reference materials) and compared the responses of coelomocytes to protein coronas preformed of EfCP or FBS. We find that over time silver nanoparticles can competitively acquire a biological identity native to the cells in situ even in non-native media, and significantly greater cellular accumulation of the nanoparticles was observed with corona complexes preformed of EfCP (p < 0.05). An EfCP-nanoparticle mimicry made with a recombinant protein, lysenin, revealed its critical contribution in the observed cell-nanoparticle response. This confirms the determinant role of the recognizable biological identity during invertebrate in vitro testing of nanoparticles. Our finding shows a case of species-specific formation of biomolecular coronas, and this suggests that the use of representative species may need careful consideration in assessing the risks associated with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hayashi
- iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Envall I, Erséus C, Gustavsson LM. Ultrastructural investigation of coelomocytes in representatives of Naidinae and Rhyacodrilinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae). J Morphol 2009; 269:1157-67. [PMID: 18626918 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various types of free-floating cells are found in the coelomic fluid of representatives of several annelid groups. The ultrastructure of these "coelomocytes," however, has been studied to a limited degree. In this study, we used a transmission electron microscope to investigate the coelomocytes in specimens of five species of Naidinae and three species of Rhyacodrilinae (all oligochaetous clitellates within the family Tubificidae). These were compared with each other and with previously described coelomocytes of representatives of other oligochaete taxa. Only one distinguishable coelomocyte type was found in the studied specimens: a round to oblong cell without pseudopodia or other appendages, primarily containing membrane-bound granules of varying electron density, a prominent network of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes. This type differs to a great extent from most of the previously described coelomocytes, but shows similarities to certain types found in members of Enchytraeidae and Megascolecidae. Although we noticed some variation, we did not find any ultrastructural characters in these cells obviously useful for phylogenetic studies within Tubificidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Envall
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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