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Rezende WR, Santos LRDS, Franco-Belussi L, De Oliveira C. Testicular morphometric changes in neotropical anurans from agroecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116265. [PMID: 33385891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the causes of the global decline of amphibians is agricultural activity, responsible for causing habitat fragmentation and bringing a range of agrochemicals and fertilizers in the environment, compounds with a potential disrupting effect on non-target organisms, such as frogs. Exposure to these compounds has numerous harmful effects on the testes of these animals, which can compromise reproduction and, consequently, the maintenance of their communities. In this context, we compared the morphology and morphometry of the testes of three species of neotropical anurans (Physalaemus cuvieri, Dendropsophus minutus, and Boana albopunctata) from an agricultural area and a conservation unit. Histologically, the testicular morphology of the species was similar for both environments; however, morphometrically, there was a difference in the measured testicular parameters (locular area and area of spermatogenic cysts). Physalaemus cuvieri presented higher averages of locular and spermatogonial area in the agricultural environment, whereas the area occupied by the spermatozoa was smaller. Additionally, the testicular pigmentation, which is only present in this species, was greater in animal from the agricultural area. In D. minutus, the locular, spermatogonial, and sperm areas showed lower values in the agricultural area, whereas in B. albopunctata, the opposite pattern was found, with the area of the locule, spermatocytes, and spermatozoids being higher. Agricultural activities influence the testicular metric parameters in different species, and our results suggest that D. minutus is most sensitive to anthropic pressures. The least sensitive species is B. albopunctata. We highlight the importance of evaluating different species, since each species responds differently to agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadson Rodrigues Rezende
- Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus São José do Rio Preto (IBILCE/UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal (EcotoxSA) Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Rio Verde- GO (IF Goiano), Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto de Biociências - INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus São José do Rio Preto (IBILCE/UNESP), Brazil
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Sánchez-Piña J, Lorenzale M, Fernández MC, Durán AC, Sans-Coma V, Fernández B. Pigmentation of the aortic and pulmonary valves in C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice of different coat colours. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:429-436. [PMID: 31259435 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest-derived melanocytes have been recorded in several parts of the mammalian heart but not in the pulmonary valve. We report here the presence of melanin-containing cells in the leaflets (cusps) of both the aortic and pulmonary valves. A total of 158 C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice exhibiting four coat colours, namely black, white, agouti and non-agouti brown, were examined. We sought for any relationship between the presence of melanocytes in the valves and the coat colour of the animals. The pigmentation levels of the leaflets were accomplished using a scale of five pigment intensities. White mice lacked pigment in the heart. In 10.5% of the remaining animals, there were melanocytes in the pulmonary valve leaflets. Thus, this is the first study to report the presence of such cells in the pulmonary valve of mammals. Melanocytes occurred in the leaflets of the aortic valves of 87.2% of mice. The incidence of melanocytes and the pigmentation level of the leaflets did not statistically differ according to the coat colours of the animals. This disagrees with previous observations, indicating that the amount of melanocytes in the heart reflects that of the skin. The incidence and distribution of melanocytes in aortic and pulmonary valves are consistent with the notion that the formation of the arterial valves is mediated by specific subpopulations of neural crest cells. We hypothesize that melanocytes, even not producing melanin, may be more frequent in the heart than previously thought, exerting presumably an immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaira Sánchez-Piña
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Lorenzale
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana C Durán
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Valentín Sans-Coma
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Málaga, Spain
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Gregorio L, Freitas J, Franco-Belussi L, De Oliveira C. LPS-induced alterations in reproductive organs and liver pigmentation in the toad Rhinella diptycha (Bufonidae). CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anurans can be naturally infected by the bacterium Escherichia coli (Migula, 1895) Castellani and Chalmers, 1919, which contain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in their external membrane. LPS affects reproductive functions in mammals and extracutaneous pigmentary system of anurans. Besides the functional gonad, bufonid amphibians have an undeveloped female organ (Bidder’s organ), whose function is poorly known. We aimed to investigate the effects of LPS on testis and Bidder’s organ germ cells and on liver pigmentation in the toad Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862). Animals were inoculated with 0.1 mL of saline solution (control) or LPS solution (18 mg/kg) and then euthanized after 24 or 48 h. The organs were processed for histology and then evaluated with morphometric analysis. The LPS decreased the area of bundle spermatozoa and increased lumen spermatozoa, while in Bidder’s organ, the number of degenerating oocytes decreased. Liver melanin increased after 24 h and decreased after 48 h. Our results suggest that LPS delays the release of spermatozoa, possibly due to alterations in serum levels of testosterone and (or) gonadotropins, which may also explain fewer degrading cells in Bidder’s organ. Increased melanin in the liver was expected due to the bactericidal role of this pigment. Thus, LPS affected reproductive organs and induced cytoprotective responses in the liver of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.S. Gregorio
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ibilce, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J.S. Freitas
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L. Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ibilce, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C. De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Ibilce, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Arenas Gómez CM, Gómez Molina A, Zapata JD, Delgado JP. Limb regeneration in a direct-developing terrestrial salamander, Bolitoglossa ramosi (Caudata: Plethodontidae): Limb regeneration in plethodontid salamanders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:227-235. [PMID: 29299325 PMCID: PMC5743783 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Appendage regeneration is one of the most compelling phenomena in regenerative biology and is extensively studied in axolotls and newts. However, the regenerative capacity in other families of salamanders remains poorly described. Here we characterize the limb regeneration process in Bolitoglossa ramosi, a direct‐developing terrestrial salamander of the plethodontid family. We (1) describe the major morphological features at different stages of limb regeneration, (2) show that appendage regeneration in a terrestrial salamander varies from other amphibians and (3) show that limb regeneration in this species is considerably slower than in axolotls and newts (95 days post‐amputation for complete regeneration) despite having a significantly smaller genome size than axolotls or newts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marcela Arenas Gómez
- Sede de Investigación Universitaria Torre 2, Laboratorio 432, Calle 62 No. 52-59 Medellín Colombia.,Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia
| | - Andrea Gómez Molina
- Sede de Investigación Universitaria Torre 2, Laboratorio 432, Calle 62 No. 52-59 Medellín Colombia.,Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia
| | - Juliana D Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación en Patobiología Quiró nUniversidad de Antioquia Ciudadela Robledo, Carrera 75 # 65-87, bloque 47, oficina 134 Medellín Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Delgado
- Sede de Investigación Universitaria Torre 2, Laboratorio 432, Calle 62 No. 52-59 Medellín Colombia.,Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia
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The bulbus arteriosus of the holocephalan heart: gross anatomy, histomorphology, pigmentation, and evolutionary significance. ZOOLOGY 2017; 123:37-45. [PMID: 28760682 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether the outflow tract of the holocephalan heart is composed of a myocardial conus arteriosus and a non-myocardial bulbus arteriosus, as is the case in elasmobranchs. This is a key issue to verify the hypothesis that these two anatomical components existed from the onset of the jawed vertebrate radiation. The Holocephali are the sister group of the elasmobranchs, sharing with them a common, still unknown Palaeozoic ancestor. The sample examined herein consisted of hearts from individuals of four species, two of them belonging to the Chimaeridae and the other two to the Rhinochimaeridae. In all specimens, the cardiac outflow tract consisted of a conus arteriosus, with myocardium in its walls and two rows of valves at its luminal side, and an intrapericardial bulbus arteriosus shorter than the conus and devoid of valves. The bulbus, mainly composed of elastin and smooth musculature, was covered by the epicardium and crossed longitudinally by coronary artery trunks. These findings give added support to the viewpoint that the outflow tract of the primitive heart of the gnathostomes was not composed of a single component, but two, the conus and the bulbus. All rabbitfish (Chimaera monstrosa) examined had pigment cells over the surface of the heart. The degree of pigmentation, which varied widely between individuals, was particularly intense in the cardiac outflow tract. Pigment cells also occurred in the bulbus arteriosus of one of the two hearts of the straightnose rabbitfish (Rhinochimaera atlantica) included in the study. The cells containing pigment, presumably derived from the neural crest, were located in the subepicardium.
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Lorenzale M, López-Unzu MA, Fernández MC, Durán AC, Fernández B, Soto-Navarrete MT, Sans-Coma V. Anatomical, histochemical and immunohistochemical characterisation of the cardiac outflow tract of the silver arowana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes). ZOOLOGY 2017; 120:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kumar R, Joy KP, Singh SM. Morpho-histology of head kidney of female catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: seasonal variations in melano-macrophage centers, melanin contents and effects of lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone on melanins. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1287-306. [PMID: 26984710 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, the anterior kidney is a hemopoietic tissue which surrounds the adrenal homologues, interrenal (IR) and chromaffin tissues corresponding to the adrenal cortical and adrenal medulla of higher mammals. The IR tissue is arranged in cell cords around the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) and its tributaries and secretes corticosteroids. The chromaffin tissue is scattered singly or in nests of one or more cells around the epithelial lining of the PCV or blood capillaries within the IR tissue. They are ferric ferricyanide-positive. Leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF)-like reactivity was noticed in the lining of the epithelium of the IR cell cords and around the wall of the PCV and blood capillaries. No staining was observed in the hemopoietic cells. IL-1β- and TNF-α-like immunoreactivity was seen in certain cells in the hemopoietic tissue but not in the IR region. Macrophages were identified with mammalian macrophage-specific MAC387 antibodies and are present in the hemopoietic mass but not in the IR tissue. Pigments accumulate in the hemopoietic mass as melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and are PAS-, Schmorl's- and Perls'-positive. The pigments contain melanin (black), hemosiderin (blue) and lipofuscin/ceroid (oxidized lipid, yellowish tan), as evident from the Perls' reaction. The MMCs were TUNEL-positive as evident from FITC fluorescence, indicating their apoptotic nature. The MMCs showed significant seasonal variation with their density increasing to the peak in the postspawning phase. Melanins were characterized spectrophotometrically for the first time in fish anterior kidney. The predominant form is pheomelanin (PM), followed by eumelanin (EM) and alkali-soluble melanin (ASM). Melanins showed significant seasonal variations with the level low in the resting phase and increasing to the peak in the postspawning phase. Under in vitro conditions, lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/mL) treatment increased significantly the levels of PM and EM levels both at 16 and at 32 h and the ASM level at 32 h. On the other hand, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (100 nM) decreased significantly the levels of EM, PM and ASM time-dependently. The results indicate that the anterior kidney is an important site of immune-endocrine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India.
| | - S M Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Reyes-Moya I, Torres-Prioris A, Sans-Coma V, Fernández B, Durán AC. Heart Pigmentation in the Gray Bichir,Polypterus senegalus(Actinopterygii: Polypteriformes). Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:475-80. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Reyes-Moya
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - A. Torres-Prioris
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - V. Sans-Coma
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA); University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - B. Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA); University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - A. C. Durán
- Department of Animal Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA); University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
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Responses of melanocytes and melanomacrophages of Eupemphix nattereri (Anura: Leiuperidae) to Nle4, D-Phe7-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and lipopolysaccharides. ZOOLOGY 2013; 116:316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nilsson Sköld H, Aspengren S, Wallin M. Rapid color change in fish and amphibians - function, regulation, and emerging applications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:29-38. [PMID: 23082932 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological color change is important for background matching, thermoregulation as well as signaling and is in vertebrates mediated by synchronous intracellular transport of pigmented organelles in chromatophores. We describe functions of and animal situations where color change occurs. A summary of endogenous and external factors that regulate this color change in fish and amphibians is provided, with special emphasis on extracellular stimuli. We describe not only color change in skin, but also highlight studies on color change that occurs using chromatophores in other areas such as iris and on the inside of the body. In addition, we discuss the growing field that applies melanophores and skin color in toxicology and as biosensors, and point out research areas with future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nilsson Sköld
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Provete DB, Franco-Belussi L, De Souza Santos LR, Zieri R, Moresco RM, Martins IA, De Almeida SC, De Oliveira C. Phylogenetic signal and variation of visceral pigmentation in eight anuran families. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franco-Belussi L, De Souza Santos LR, Zieri R, De Oliveira C. Visceral Pigmentation in Three Species of the Genus Scinax (Anura: Hylidae): Distinct Morphological Pattern. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 295:298-306. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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