1
|
Brownstein CD. Syngnathoid Evolutionary History and the Conundrum of Fossil Misplacement. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad011. [PMID: 37251781 PMCID: PMC10210065 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Seahorses, pipefishes, trumpetfishes, shrimpfishes, and allies are a speciose, globally distributed clade of fishes that have evolved a large number of unusual body plans. The clade that includes all these forms, Syngnathoidei, has become a model for the study of life history evolution, population biology, and biogeography. Yet, the timeline of syngnathoid evolution has remained highly contentious. This debate is largely attributable to the nature of the syngnathoid fossil record, which is both poorly described and patchy for several major lineages. Although fossil syngnathoids have been used to calibrate molecular phylogenies, the interrelationships of extinct species and their affinities to major living syngnathoid clades have scarcely been quantitatively tested. Here, I use an expanded morphological dataset to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and clade ages of fossil and extant syngnathoids. Phylogenies generated using different analytical methodologies are largely congruent with molecular phylogenetic trees of Syngnathoidei but consistently find novel placements for several key taxa used as fossil calibrators in phylogenomic studies. Tip-dating of the syngnathoid phylogeny finds a timeline for their evolution that differs slightly from the one inferred using molecular trees but is generally congruent with a post-Cretaceous diversification event. These results emphasize the importance of quantitatively testing the relationships of fossil species, particularly when they are critical to assessing divergence times.
Collapse
|
2
|
Castejón‐Silvo I, Terrados J, Nguyen T, Jutfelt F, Infantes E. Increased energy expenditure is an indirect effect of habitat structural complexity loss. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Castejón‐Silvo
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesIMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB) Esporles Spain
| | - Jorge Terrados
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesIMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB) Esporles Spain
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Marine Sciences Gothenburg University Kristineberg Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Eduardo Infantes
- Department of Marine Sciences Gothenburg University Kristineberg Sweden
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabral AE, Ricardo F, Patinha C, da Silva EF, Correia M, Palma J, Planas M, Calado R. Successful Use of Geochemical Tools to Trace the Geographic Origin of Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Raised in Captivity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061534. [PMID: 34070251 PMCID: PMC8225026 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) are currently exposed to a multitude of anthropogenic pressures worldwide. The illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fisheries and trade of these flagship species undermine the efforts to manage and protect their wild populations. Here we aim to validate a forensic tool to identify the geographic origin of seahorses and contribute to the ongoing fight against the illegal capture and trade of these organisms. The elemental fingerprints of long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus) bony structures, including the subdermal bony plates that cover their body, revealed that they can be successfully employed to confirm their geographic origin. The results of this first study using seahorses raised in captivity indicate that this tool may also allow to discriminate between different populations of wild specimens and enhance the traceability of traded specimens. Abstract The global market of dried seahorses mainly supplies Traditional Chinese Medicine and still relies on blurry trade chains that often cover less sustainable practices targeting these pricey and endangered fish. As such, reliable tools that allow the enforcement of traceability, namely to confirm the geographic origin of traded seahorses, are urgently needed. The present study evaluated the use of elemental fingerprints (EF) in the bony structures of long-snouted seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus raised in captivity in two different locations (southern Portugal and Northern Spain) to discriminate their geographic origin. The EF of different body parts of H. guttulatus were also evaluated as potential proxies for the EF of the whole body, in order to allow the analysis of damaged specimens and avoid the use of whole specimens for analysis. The contrasting EF of H. guttulatus raised in the two locations allowed their reliable discrimination. Although no single body part exactly mimicked the EF of the whole body, seahorse trunks, as well as damaged specimens, could still be correctly allocated to their geographic origin. This promising forensic approach to discriminate the geographic origin of seahorses raised in captivity should now be validated for wild conspecifics originating from different locations, as well as for other species within genus Hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Cabral
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Ricardo
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Carla Patinha
- GEOBIOTEC—Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.P.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
- GEOBIOTEC—Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.P.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Miguel Correia
- CCMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jorge Palma
- CCMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Miquel Planas
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, IIM-CSIC-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.E.C.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-2343-70779
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kolmann MA, Peixoto T, Pfeiffenberger JA, Summers AP, Donatelli CM. Swimming and defence: competing needs across ontogeny in armoured fishes (Agonidae). J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200301. [PMID: 32781934 PMCID: PMC7482565 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological armours are potent model systems for understanding the complex series of competing demands on protective exoskeletons; after all, armoured organisms are the product of millions of years of refined engineering under the harshest conditions. Fishes are no strangers to armour, with various types of armour plating common to the 400-500 Myr of evolution in both jawed and jawless fishes. Here, we focus on the poachers (Agonidae), a family of armoured fishes native to temperate waters of the Pacific rim. We examined armour morphology, body stiffness and swimming performance in the northern spearnose poacher (Agonopsis vulsa) over ontogeny. As juveniles, these fishes make frequent nocturnal forays into the water column in search of food, while heavily armoured adults are bound to the benthos. Most armour dimensions and density increase with body length, as does body stiffness. Juvenile poachers have enlarged spines on their armour whereas adults invest more mineral in armour plate bases. Adults are stiffer and accelerate faster than juveniles with an anguilliform swimming mode. Subadults more closely approximate adults more than smaller juveniles, with regards to both swimming and armour mechanics. Poacher armour serves multiple functions over ontogeny, from facilitating locomotion, slowing sinking and providing defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Kolmann
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington College of the Environment, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
- Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T. Peixoto
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington College of the Environment, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. A. Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. P. Summers
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington College of the Environment, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
| | - C. M. Donatelli
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walker M, Humphries S. 3D Printing: Applications in evolution and ecology. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4289-4301. [PMID: 31016005 PMCID: PMC6468079 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the commercial and medical sectors, 3D printing is delivering on its promise to enable a revolution. However, in the fields of Ecology and Evolution we are only on the brink of embracing the advantages that 3D printing can offer. Here we discuss examples where the process has enabled researchers to develop new techniques, work with novel species, and to enhance the impact of outreach activities. Our aim is to showcase the potential that 3D printing offers in terms of improved experimental techniques, greater flexibility, reduced costs and promoting open science, while also discussing its limitations. By taking a general overview of studies using the technique from fields across the broad range of Ecology and Evolution, we show the flexibility of 3D printing technology and aim to inspire the next generation of discoveries.
Collapse
|
6
|
Porter MM, Ravikumar N. 3D-printing a 'family' of biomimetic models to explain armored grasping in syngnathid fishes. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2017; 12:066007. [PMID: 28749372 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seahorses and pipehorses evolved at least two independent strategies for tail grasping, despite being armored with a heavy body plating. To help explain mechanical trade-offs associated with the different designs, we created a 'family' of 3D-printed models that mimic variations in the presence and size of their armored plates. We measured the performance of the biomimetic proxies across several mechanical metrics, representative of their protective and prehensile capacities. Our results show that the models mimicking the tails of seahorses are the best all-around performers, while those of the distal-most, prehensile region of pipehorses are more flexible, but less protected. The comparison also reveals that different adaptive strategies provide different task-specific performance advantages, which could be leveraged for the design of armored manipulators or other bio-inspired technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Porter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America. Zucker Family Graduate Education Center, Clemson University, North Charleston, SC 29405, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|