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Rahimi E, Dong P, Ahmadzadeh F. Assessing climate niche similarity between persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) areas in Iran. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38969976 PMCID: PMC11227166 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Persian fallow deer or Mesopotamian fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamica, Brook 1875), a species of significant ecological importance, had faced the threat of extinction in Iran. One conservation strategy involved the translocation of Persian deer to enclosed areas across Iran, where they were afforded protection from external threats and provided with essential care by human caretakers. While human caretakers diligently attend to their needs and mitigate external threats, climate variables may now become critical factors affecting population dynamics in enclosed areas. This study aims to assess the similarity in climate niches between the original area (Dez and Karkheh) of the Persian deer species and 11 newly enclosed areas. To achieve this, we employed climate data and ecological niche modeling (ENM) techniques to assess the variations in climate among 12 areas. We utilized the environmental equivalency test to determine whether the environmental spaces of area pairs exhibit significant differences and whether these spaces are interchangeable. Extrapolation analyses were also constructed in the next steps to explore climatic conditions in original fallow deer habitats that are non-analogous to those in other parts of Iran. Our results reveal significant disparities in climate conditions between the original and all translocated areas. Based on observations of population growth in specific enclosed areas where translocated deer populations have thrived, we hypothesize that the species may demonstrate a non-equilibrium distribution in Iran. Consequently, these new areas could potentially be regarded as part of the species' potential climate niche. Extrapolation analysis showed that for a significant portion of Iran, extrapolation predictions are highly uncertain and potentially unreliable for the translocation of Persian fallow deer. However, the primary objective of translocation efforts remains the establishment of self-sustaining populations of Persian deer capable of thriving in natural areas beyond enclosed areas, thus ensuring their long-term survival and contributing to preservation efforts. Evaluating the success of newly translocated species requires additional time, with varying levels of success observed. In cases where the growth rate of the species in certain enclosed areas falls below expectations, it is prudent to consider climate variables that may contribute to population declines. Furthermore, for future translocations, we recommend selecting areas with climate similarities to regions where the species has demonstrated growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Rahimi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pinliang Dong
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Fort Worth metroplex, Dallas, USA
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Bucur IM, Moza AC, Pop M, Nichita I, Gaspar CM, Cojocaru R, Gros RV, Boldea MV, Tirziu A, Tirziu E. Hunting Dynamics and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in European Fallow Deer ( Dama dama) across Three Hunting Reserves in Western Romania. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1236. [PMID: 38930618 PMCID: PMC11205381 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the hunting practices and potentially pathogenic bacterial species among European fallow deer (Dama dama). Within a five-year period, three hunting grounds from Western Romania were examined. During this period, a total of 1881 deer were hunted, and 240 samples were collected by rectal and nasal swabbing from 120 carcasses. Bacterial strains were identified utilizing bacteriological assays and the Vitek® 2 Compact system. Notably, the Socodor hunting ground exhibited a significant difference in harvesting quotas between the bucks (Group M) and does/yearlings (Group F), favoring the latter. In the Chișineu Criș-Sălișteanca hunting ground, a likely correlation in harvesting quotas between the two groups was observed. The identified potentially pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecium. These results highlight the importance of effectively managing the deer population and recognize the potential for Dama dama to spread zoonotic pathogens, emphasizing the necessity of adopting a One Health approach and maintaining ongoing surveillance of this game species' population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia-Maria Bucur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Alex Cristian Moza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Mirel Pop
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Ileana Nichita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Cristina Mirabela Gaspar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Răzvan Cojocaru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Radu-Valentin Gros
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Marius Valentin Boldea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Andreea Tirziu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Emil Tirziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (M.P.); (I.N.); (C.M.G.); (R.C.); (R.-V.G.); (M.V.B.); (E.T.)
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Baker KH, Miller H, Doherty S, Gray HWI, Daujat J, Çakırlar C, Spassov N, Trantalidou K, Madgwick R, Lamb AL, Ameen C, Atici L, Baker P, Beglane F, Benkert H, Bendrey R, Binois-Roman A, Carden RF, Curci A, De Cupere B, Detry C, Gál E, Genies C, Kunst GK, Liddiard R, Nicholson R, Perdikaris S, Peters J, Pigière F, Pluskowski AG, Sadler P, Sicard S, Strid L, Sudds J, Symmons R, Tardio K, Valenzuela A, van Veen M, Vuković S, Weinstock J, Wilkens B, Wilson RJA, Evans JA, Hoelzel AR, Sykes N. The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310051121. [PMID: 38346198 PMCID: PMC10895352 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last 10,000 y, humans have manipulated fallow deer populations with varying outcomes. Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) are now endangered. European fallow deer (Dama dama) are globally widespread and are simultaneously considered wild, domestic, endangered, invasive and are even the national animal of Barbuda and Antigua. Despite their close association with people, there is no consensus regarding their natural ranges or the timing and circumstances of their human-mediated translocations and extirpations. Our mitochondrial analyses of modern and archaeological specimens revealed two distinct clades of European fallow deer present in Anatolia and the Balkans. Zooarchaeological evidence suggests these regions were their sole glacial refugia. By combining biomolecular analyses with archaeological and textual evidence, we chart the declining distribution of Persian fallow deer and demonstrate that humans repeatedly translocated European fallow deer, sourced from the most geographically distant populations. Deer taken to Neolithic Chios and Rhodes derived not from nearby Anatolia, but from the Balkans. Though fallow deer were translocated throughout the Mediterranean as part of their association with the Greco-Roman goddesses Artemis and Diana, deer taken to Roman Mallorca were not locally available Dama dama, but Dama mesopotamica. Romans also initially introduced fallow deer to Northern Europe but the species became extinct and was reintroduced in the medieval period, this time from Anatolia. European colonial powers then transported deer populations across the globe. The biocultural histories of fallow deer challenge preconceptions about the divisions between wild and domestic species and provide information that should underpin modern management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis H. Baker
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Miller
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Doherty
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Howard W. I. Gray
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Daujat
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Canan Çakırlar
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen9712 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Spassov
- Department of Paleontology, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia1000, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Trantalidou
- Ephorate for Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Athens106 82, Greece
| | - Richard Madgwick
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, CardiffCF10 3EU, United Kingdom
| | - Angela L. Lamb
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, NottinghamNG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - Carly Ameen
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Levent Atici
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV89154
| | | | - Fiona Beglane
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Helene Benkert
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bendrey
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Annelise Binois-Roman
- School of Art History and Archaeology, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris75006, France
| | - Ruth F. Carden
- School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, DublinD04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Antonio Curci
- Department of History and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna40124, Italy
| | - Bea De Cupere
- Operational Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels1000, Belgium
| | - Cleia Detry
- Center of Archaeology of the University of Lisbon, Department of History, School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa1600-214, Portugal
| | - Erika Gál
- Institute of Archaeology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest1097, Hungary
| | - Chloé Genies
- Bureau d’études, Éveha, Saint-Avertin, Tour37550, France
| | - Günther K. Kunst
- Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, Research Network Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Robert Liddiard
- School of History, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophia Perdikaris
- School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
| | - Joris Peters
- Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich80539, Germany
- Bavarian Natural History Collections, State Collection of Palaeoanatomy Munich, Munich80333, Germany
| | - Fabienne Pigière
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, EghamTW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peta Sadler
- Independent Researcher, Buckinghamshire, Greater MissendenHP16 0LF, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Sicard
- Département de la Charente, Angouleme Cedex 91616917, France
| | - Lena Strid
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund223 62, Sweden
| | - Jack Sudds
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Symmons
- Fishbourne Roman Palace, ChichesterPO19 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Tardio
- Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA17837
| | - Alejandro Valenzuela
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, Ecology and Evolution, Miquel Marquès Street, Esporles, Illes Balears2107190, Spain
| | - Monique van Veen
- Department of Archaeology, Municipality of The Hague, Den Haag2500 DP, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Vuković
- Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Archaeology Department, University of Belgrade, Belgrade11000, Serbia
| | - Jaco Weinstock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, School of Humanities, SouthamptonSO171BF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger J. A. Wilson
- Department of Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jane A. Evans
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, NottinghamNG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - A. Rus Hoelzel
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Sykes
- Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
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Bokor J, Nagy J, Donkó T, Horn P, Bokor Á. The effect of age and sex on carcass traits and body composition of Hungarian yearling farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus). Meat Sci 2023; 204:109290. [PMID: 37531899 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Carcass characteristics were studied in 80 young Hungarian red deer in different ages (12, 15, 18 and 20 months of age). In all age group 10 male and 10 female were slaughtered. The dressed carcass weight in skin varied between 53.72 and 65.66% of live weight. The first class lean meat varied between 14.3 and 16.6% of live weight. The live weight, carcass weight increased with the age and differed also between sexes. The highest dressing percentages were found at 20 months of age in both sexes (♂: 65.7%, ♀: 62.5%). Mainly the hinds had higher loin, leg and shoulder proportions of carcass at 20 months of age than the stags. The carcass muscle, bone and fat content were measured by computer tomography. These traits were grown and their proportion changed with the age. The bone to muscle ratio gradually decreased with the age while the fat to muscle ratio increased after 15 months of age (♂: from 0.13 to 0.17, ♀: from 0.15 to 0.18). At 18 month of age the hinds had higher bone to muscle and fat to muscle ratio than the stags'. The fat percentage of carcasses increased with the age in both sexes (♂: from 8.01% to 11.04%, ♀: from 8.40% to 11.28%). The hinds had higher values than the stags but it was significant just at 20 months of age. From the meat quality attributes there were found differences between ages in the case of pH, lightness, drip loss, cooking loss and shear force. The highest pH was found at 12 months of age in both sexes. There were found 5% intermediate pH (6.2 < pH < 5.8) at 12 and 15 months of age, all of them were male. The highest lightness values were observed at 18 months of age in both sexes (♂: 13.47, ♀: 14.90). There were differences between sexes in pH at all ages, except 15 months of age, and at 18 months of age in redness and lightness. Based on our results, the optimal slaughtering time for Hungarian red deer is 20 months of age, because this is when the dressing percentage is the best for both sexes. Meat quality traits changed with age, and gender differences sexes were the most pronounced for these traits at 18 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Bokor
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Game Management Landscape Centre, 7475 Bőszénfa, Malom str. 3. Hungary.
| | - János Nagy
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Game Management Landscape Centre, 7475 Bőszénfa, Malom str. 3. Hungary
| | - Tamás Donkó
- Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., 7400 Kaposvár, Guba S. str. 40. Hungary
| | - Péter Horn
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, 7400, Kaposvár, Guba S. str. 40. Hungary
| | - Árpád Bokor
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, 7400, Kaposvár, Guba S. str. 40. Hungary
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Baker KH, Gray HWI, Ramovs V, Mertzanidou D, Akın Pekşen Ç, Bilgin CC, Sykes N, Hoelzel AR. Strong population structure in a species manipulated by humans since the Neolithic: the European fallow deer (Dama dama dama). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:16-26. [PMID: 28353685 PMCID: PMC5520134 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Species that have been translocated and otherwise manipulated by humans may show
patterns of population structure that reflect those interactions. At the same time,
natural processes shape populations, including behavioural characteristics like
dispersal potential and breeding system. In Europe, a key factor is the geography and
history of climate change through the Pleistocene. During glacial maxima throughout
that period, species in Europe with temperate distributions were forced south,
becoming distributed among the isolated peninsulas represented by Anatolia, Italy and
Iberia. Understanding modern patterns of diversity depends on understanding these
historical population dynamics. Traditionally, European fallow deer (Dama dama
dama) are thought to have been restricted to refugia in Anatolia and possibly
Sicily and the Balkans. However, the distribution of this species was also greatly
influenced by human-mediated translocations. We focus on fallow deer to better
understand the relative influence of these natural and anthropogenic processes. We
compared modern fallow deer putative populations across a broad geographic range
using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA loci. The results revealed highly insular
populations, depauperate of genetic variation and significantly differentiated from
each other. This is consistent with the expectations of drift acting on populations
founded by small numbers of individuals, and reflects known founder populations in
the north. However, there was also evidence for differentiation among (but not
within) physically isolated regions in the south, including Iberia. In those regions
we find evidence for a stronger influence from natural processes than may be expected
for a species with such strong, known anthropogenic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Baker
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - H W I Gray
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - V Ramovs
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - D Mertzanidou
- Department of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ç Akın Pekşen
- Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - C C Bilgin
- Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Sykes
- Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - A R Hoelzel
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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