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Xu TO, Levitt MA, Feng C. Controversies in Hirschsprung surgery. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2024; 7:e000887. [PMID: 39346552 PMCID: PMC11429006 DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2024-000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is surgical resection of aganglionic bowel and subsequent pull-through of ganglionated bowel. Despite many advances since the initial description of the disease and its surgical management more than half a century ago, there remain considerable controversies regarding the history of the surgical technique, the optimal timing of the primary and multistage pull-through, the best treatment for patients with a delayed diagnosis of HSCR, and the management of post pull-through complications such as soiling due to sphincter incompetence, the presence of a transition zone, and the prevention of enterocolitis. The following review will explore each of these controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Xu
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marc A Levitt
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christina Feng
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Cheng LS, Wood RJ. Hirschsprung disease: common and uncommon variants. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2024; 7:e000864. [PMID: 39224573 PMCID: PMC11367348 DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2024-000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lily S Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Rentea RM, Bokova E, Frischer JS, Gosain A, Langer JC, Levitt MA, Nandivada P, Rialon KL, Rollins MD, Segura B, Wood RJ, Lim IIP. Evaluation and Management of Total Colonic Hirschsprung Disease: A Comprehensive Review From the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Hirschsprung Disease Interest Group. J Pediatr Surg 2024:161677. [PMID: 39217005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with total colonic Hirschsprung disease (TCHD) are a unique group of patients with pre- and postoperative management challenges. This review provides a rational, expert-based approach to diagnosing and managing TCHD. METHODS The guidelines were developed by the Hirschsprung Disease Interest Group members established by the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Board of Governors. Group discussions, literature review, and expert consensus were used to summarize the current knowledge regarding diagnosis, staged approach, the timing of pull-through, and pre-and postoperative management in children with TCHD. RESULTS This paper presents recommendations for managing TCHD before and after reconstruction, including diagnostic criteria, surgical approaches, bowel management, diet, antibiotic prophylaxis, colonic irrigations, and post-surgical considerations. CONCLUSIONS A clear understanding of the unique challenges posed by TCHD and consensus on its treatment are lacking in the literature. This review standardizes this patient group's pre- and postoperative management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Rentea
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Section of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Elizaveta Bokova
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Section of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jason S Frischer
- Colorectal Center for Children, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob C Langer
- Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc A Levitt
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Prathima Nandivada
- Colorectal and Pelvic Malformation Center, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristy L Rialon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Texas, USA
| | - Michael D Rollins
- Department of Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bradley Segura
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatric Surgery, MHealth Fairview Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irene Isabel P Lim
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Section of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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Ademaj I, Hyseni N, Gjonbalaj N. Is It Safe to Operate without Frozen Section Biopsies in Short-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease? An Overview of 60 Cases. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:542-550. [PMID: 39051232 PMCID: PMC11270215 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Advancements in surgical management in a single-stage procedure made intraoperative frozen section biopsies critical for determining of level of resection to avoid the potential risk of leaving a retained aganglionic segment. However, in most low-income countries, due to the lack of this facility, the surgeon's intraoperative judgment is used for the determination of the resection level. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of determining the level of bowel resection in short-segment Hirschsprung's disease based on macroscopic changes. Materials and methods: Intraoperative macroscopic evaluations were assessed using postoperative microscopic findings to determine whether the surgeons' intraoperative judgments were accurate in determining the level of bowel resection in 60 cases of operated short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. In addition, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine whether the sensitivity and specificity of both methods were significantly correlated. Results: The microscopic results showed that the level of resection based on the macroscopic evaluation was performed in normally ganglionated segment in cases of short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. Conclusions: Macroscopic intraoperative assessment by an experienced surgeon is highly accurate method of determining the level of bowel resection in short-segment HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isber Ademaj
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo;
| | - Nexhmi Hyseni
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo;
| | - Naser Gjonbalaj
- Department of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo
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Zhang M, Guan W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Pan W. Histopathology of Ganglion Cells in the Proximal Resected Bowel Correlates With the Clinical Outcome in Hirschsprung Disease: A Pilot Study. J Surg Res 2023; 290:116-125. [PMID: 37257402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraoperative leveling biopsy by identifying ganglion cells is crucial to determine surgical margin during surgery for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). The anastomosis should be performed at least 5 cm proximal to the ganglionic segment to prevent transition zone pull-through. However, the length of the transition zone could be much longer than expected and the histological evaluation of the entire circumference of the proximal margin is recommended, which is time-consuming and not applicable for leveling biopsy. We found that the histopathologic features of ganglion cells varied in the examined bowel specimens and demonstrated a pattern similar to immature and degenerated neuron cells. We assumed that the histopathologic features of ganglion cells in the proximal resected bowel were associated with the clinical outcome and might guide the leveling biopsy. In this study, we described a histopathologic grade of ganglion cells based on the degree of maturity and degeneration. We assessed the correlation between the histopathological grade of ganglion cells in the proximal surgical margin and clinical outcome. METHODS Three hundred fifty seven patients with HSCR treated between 2013 and 2020 were included. The ganglion cells were divided into six grades based on the histopathologic features in frozen sections. Medical records and detailed histopathologic results of intraoperative frozen sections were reviewed. Follow-up data were collected to evaluate clinical outcomes. The pediatric incontinence and constipation scoring system was used to predict bowel function. RESULTS The histopathologic results of proximal resected bowel from 357 HSCR patients were presented as follows: Grade I in 52 patients (14.6%), Grade II in 186 patients (52.1%), Grade III in 107 patients (30.0%), and Grade IV in 12 patients (3.4%). The median follow-up time was 46.8 mo (13.0-97.6 mo). The histopathologic grade of ganglion cells from the proximal resected margin was significantly related to postoperative constipation problems and the incidence of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. The results from the pediatric incontinence and constipation scoring system indicated a positive correlation between better postoperative bowel function and lower histopathologic grade of ganglion cells. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed an association between the histopathologic features of ganglion cells in the proximal surgical margin and the clinical outcome. It may provide additional information for intraoperative pathologic consultation in leveling biopsy to prevent insufficient resection of the affected colon. A prospective study is warranted to validate these findings before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Vervloet G, De Backer A, Heyman S, Leyman P, Van Cauwenberge S, Vanderlinden K, Vercauteren C, Vervloessem D, Miserez M. Rectal Biopsy for Hirschsprung's Disease: A Multicentre Study Involving Biopsy Technique, Pathology and Complications. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1488. [PMID: 37761449 PMCID: PMC10530156 DOI: 10.3390/children10091488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of rectal biopsy techniques has encouraged us to search for a surgical and pathological standardisation of this diagnostic technique to exclude Hirschsprung's disease. The different amounts of information on the anatomopathology report prompted us to compile a template for the anatomopathology report for diagnostic rectal biopsies for surgical colleagues and pathologists working on Hirschsprung's disease. METHODS We gathered the anonymous biopsy information and its pathology information from five hospitals for all patients in which rectal biopsies were taken to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease over two years (2020-2021). RESULTS Of the 82 biopsies, 20 suction (24.4%), 31 punch (37.8%) and 31 open biopsies (37.8%) were taken. Of all biopsies, 69 were conclusive (84.2%), 13 were not (15.8%). In the suction biopsy group, 60% were conclusive and 40% were not; for punch biopsy, the values were 87% and 13%, respectively and for open biopsy, 97% and 3%. Inconclusive results were due to insufficient submucosa in 6/8 suction biopsies, 4/4 punch biopsies and 0/1 open biopsies. An insufficient amount of submucosa was the reason for an inconclusive result in 6/20 cases (30%) after suction biopsy, 4/31 (12.9%) cases after punch biopsy and 0 cases (0%) after open biopsy. We had one case with major postoperative bleeding post suction biopsy; there were no further adverse effects after biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic rectal biopsies in children are safe. Non-surgical biopsies are more likely to give inconclusive results due to smaller amounts of submucosa present in the specimen. Open biopsies are especially useful when previous non-surgical biopsies are inconclusive. An experienced pathologist is a key factor for the result. The anatomopathology report should specify the different layers present in the specimen, the presence of ganglion cells and hypertrophic nerve fibres, their description and a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Vervloet
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine De Backer
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Saffier Network, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn Heyman
- Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Ziekenhuis aan de Stroom, Queen Paola Children’s Hospital, Saffier Network, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Leyman
- Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen, Ziekenhuis aan de Stroom, Saffier Network, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Vanderlinden
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Saffier Network, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Vercauteren
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Saffier Network, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vervloessem
- Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Ziekenhuis aan de Stroom, Queen Paola Children’s Hospital, Saffier Network, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Miserez
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Labib H, Roorda D, van der Voorn JP, Oosterlaan J, van Heurn LWE, Derikx JPM. The Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Transition Zone Anastomosis in Hirschsprung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1475. [PMID: 37761437 PMCID: PMC10528601 DOI: 10.3390/children10091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HD) is characterized by absent neuronal innervation of the distal colonic bowel wall and is surgically treated by removing the affected bowel segment via pull-through surgery (PT). Incomplete removal of the affected segment is called transition zone anastomosis (TZA). The current systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and clinical impact of TZA. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl, and Web of Sciences were searched (last search: October 2020), and studies describing histopathological examination for TZA in patients with HD were included. Data were synthesized into aggregated Event Rates (ER) of TZA using random-effects meta-analysis. The clinical impact was defined in terms of obstructive defecation problems, enterocolitis, soiling, incontinence, and the need for additional surgical procedures. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. KEY RESULTS This systematic review included 34 studies, representing 2207 patients. After excluding series composed of only patients undergoing redo PT, the prevalence was 9% (ER = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.05-0.14, p < 0.001, I2 = 86%). TZA occurred more often after operation techniques other than Duhamel (X2 = 19.21, p = <0.001). Patients with TZA often had obstructive defecation problems (62%), enterocolitis (38%), soiling (28%), and fecal incontinence (24%) in follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 13 years. Patients with TZA more often had persistent obstructive symptoms (X2 = 7.26, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES TZA is associated with obstructive defecation problems and redo PT and is thus necessary to prevent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosnieya Labib
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.L.); (D.R.); (L.W.E.v.H.)
| | - Daniëlle Roorda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.L.); (D.R.); (L.W.E.v.H.)
- Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Patrick van der Voorn
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Follow Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - L. W. Ernest van Heurn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.L.); (D.R.); (L.W.E.v.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.L.); (D.R.); (L.W.E.v.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mattioli G, Louisma O, Wong MC, Palo F, Faticato MG, Petralia P. Non-standard approach to infants and children with megacolon: laparotomy and endorectal pull-through for diagnosis and treatment in difficult countries with low resources in a non-profit setting: return to the past Soave's ERPT. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:576-582. [PMID: 30916520 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease is an important cause of pediatric constipation with high risk of bacterial enterocolitis. Its diagnosis is histological and the suction biopsy is the gold standard. In resource-limited countries, the main diagnostic exam is the contrast enema and mini-invasive surgery lacks. We present the management of a cohort of patients with megacolon in Haiti, a low-resource country. METHODS Children with megacolon and fecal impaction admitted at St Damien Children Hospital in Port-Au-Prince in June, August and December 2017 were included. We considered only patients with an evident transition zone on contrast enema who underwent endorectal pull-through (ERPT). Short term complications were recorded. RESULTS Twenty children with clinical megacolon were admitted, eleven were included in the study. No suction rectal biopsy and intraoperative histological evaluation were performed. In ten children a Soave ERPT with anastomosis at 5POD was performed, in the other case a Boley primary anastomosis was preferred. One patient complicated with a peritonitis. No major complications were recorded. Colostomy was not considered a good option. CONCLUSIONS In developing countries, Soave ERPT with definitive anastomosis after few days could be considered a valid option. Colostomy is suggested only in case of scant general conditions or bad colon appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Mattioli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Giannina Gaslini IRCCS Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Osnel Louisma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saint Damien Children Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Michela C Wong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Giannina Gaslini IRCCS Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Federico Palo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Giannina Gaslini IRCCS Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Faticato
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Giannina Gaslini IRCCS Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Petralia
- Giannina Gaslini IRCCS Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Gerrie SK, Navarro OM. Imaging Features of Neonatal Bowel Obstruction. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230035. [PMID: 37471246 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiologic evaluation of neonatal bowel obstruction is challenging owing to the overlapping clinical features and imaging appearances of the most common differential diagnoses. The key to providing an appropriate differential diagnosis comes from a combination of the patient's gestational age, clinical features, and imaging findings. While assessment of radiographs can confirm bowel obstruction and indicate whether it is likely proximal or distal, additional findings at upper or lower gastrointestinal contrast study together with use of US are important in providing an appropriate differential diagnosis. The authors provide an in-depth assessment of the appearances of the most common differential diagnoses of proximal and distal neonatal bowel obstruction at abdominal radiography and upper and lower gastrointestinal contrast studies. These are divided into imaging patterns and their associated differential diagnoses on the basis of abdominal radiographic findings. These findings include esophageal atresia variants including the "single bubble," "double bubble," and "triple bubble" and distal bowel obstruction involving the small and large bowel. Entities discussed include esophageal atresia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, pyloric atresia, duodenal atresia, duodenal web, malrotation with midgut volvulus, jejunal atresia, ileal atresia, meconium ileus, segmental volvulus, internal hernia, colonic atresia, Hirschsprung disease, and functional immaturity of the large bowel. The authors include the advantages of abdominal US in this algorithm, particularly for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal web, malrotation with midgut volvulus, and segmental volvulus. ©RSNA, 2023 Online supplemental material is available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Gerrie
- From the Department of Radiology, BC Children's Hospital, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3N1, and Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.K.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O.M.N.)
| | - Oscar M Navarro
- From the Department of Radiology, BC Children's Hospital, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3N1, and Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.K.G.); and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (O.M.N.)
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Foroutan H, Homapour F, Dehghani M, Niazkar HR, Sufi H, Zibaee B. Clinical and manometric evaluation of postoperative anorectal function in patients after trans-anal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease. ANNALS OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43159-023-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) surgery is a new trend in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease, and evaluating its functional outcome is difficult. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the defecation pattern after TEPT surgery in pediatrics.
Material and methods
In this cross-sectional survey, 40 patients with Hirschsprung disease were studied. They underwent a one-stage transanal pull-through procedure from May 2007 till April 2015 in Namazi hospital by the same surgeon. All the patients had the aganglionic segment in the rectosigmoid, confirmed by pre-operation barium enema and post-operation histopathology. The patients were 40 children with mean operation age of 36.6 months old. The success rate of surgery was evaluated by following the questionnaire form. Clinical evaluation with bowel function score and anorectomanometry were carried out.
Result
One hundred percent of them had a daily stool. Eighty-five percent of patients never experienced pain during defecation, 10% experienced occasional pain, and the rest felt pain with every defecation. Just one case (5%) reported using a laxative. Regarding improvements after the operation, 75% were completely okay, 20% felt much better, and 5% reported some improvements. The average National Health Service score was 8.375, which seems satisfactory. The mean average anal sphincter in the group with soiling was 39.67 and in the group without soiling was 34.83, which is in the normal range in both groups, and there was no significant difference between these groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
The defecation pattern after TEPT surgery were satisfactory in almost all cases, even in infancy. Most patients had satisfactory manometry and clinical result.
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Determining the correct resection level in patients with Hirschsprung disease using contrast enema and full thickness biopsies: Can the diagnostic accuracy be improved by examining submucosal nerve fiber thickness? J Pediatr Surg 2022:S0022-3468(22)00555-3. [PMID: 36180266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative resection level in patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) is determined by contrast enema, surgeon's intraoperative judgement and full thickness biopsy (FTB) identifying ganglia. This study aims to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of contrast enema and FTB in determination of resection level and whether this can be improved by measuring submucosal nerve fiber diameter. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed contrast enema and intraoperative FTBs obtained in our center, determining diagnostic accuracy for level of resection. Gold standard was pathological examination of resection specimen. Secondly, we matched transition zone pull-through (TZPT) patients with non-TZPT patients, based on age and length of resected bowel, to blindly compare nerve fibers diameters between two groups using group comparison. RESULTS From 2000-2021, 209 patients underwent HD surgery of whom 180 patients (138 males; median age at surgery: 13 weeks) with 18 TZPTs (10%) were included. Positive predictive value of contrast enema was 65.1%. No caliber change was found in patients with total colon aganglionosis (TCA). Negative predictive value of surgeon's intraoperative judgement and FTB in determining resection level was 79.0% and 90.0% (91.2% single-stage, 84.4% two-stage surgery) respectively. Mean nerve fiber diameter in TZPT was 25.01 µm (SD= 5.63) and in non-TZPT 24.35 µm (SD= 6.75) (p = 0.813). CONCLUSION Determination of resection level with combination of contrast enema, surgeon's intraoperative judgement and FTB results in sufficient diagnostic accuracy in patients with HD. If no caliber change is seen with contrast enema, TCA should be considered. Resection level or transition zone cannot be determined by assessment of submucosal nerve fiber diameter in FTB. TYPE OF STUDY clinical research paper.
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Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is one of the most common causes of pediatric bowel obstruction in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the unique aspects of presentation, diagnosis, management and post-operative care and outcomes of HD in LMICs. In LMICs, patients with HD are much more likely to present in a delayed fashion with subsequent increased morbidity and mortality including higher rates of chronic obstruction, malnutrition with failure to thrive, complete obstruction and perforation. There are multifactorial causes for delay, with opportunities to improve initial timely diagnosis and referral, support families to address socioeconomic and cultural barriers, and improve workforce and infrastructure resources to provide definitive care. In LMICs, the diagnosis is often made based on clinical presentation and radiographic findings as pathological services may be limited. Initial diversion with multi-stage procedure, instead of a single-stage pull-through, predominates. This is also a result of multifactorial causes, including initial presentation to general surgeons at first-level hospitals instead of pediatric surgeons, delayed presentation with sick, malnourished children with significantly distended bowel, and a lack of fresh-frozen pathological services to guide the extent of resection. Post-operatively, HD patients in LMICs experience higher complication and mortality rates - likely stemming from sicker baseline presentations and more limited resources. Significant recent advances in care have occurred for patients with HD in LMICs, while opportunities to continue to improve care remain.
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Ahmad H, Yacob D, Halleran DR, Gasior AC, Lorenzo CD, Wood RJ, Langer JC, Levitt MA. Evaluation and treatment of the post pull-through Hirschsprung patient who is not doing well; Update for 2022. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151164. [PMID: 35690463 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
After operative intervention for Hirschsprung disease (HD) a child should thrive, be fecally continent, and avoid recurrent episodes of abdominal distention and enterocolitis. This is unfortunately not the case for a significant number of patients who struggle following their pull-through procedure. Many clinicians are puzzled by these outcomes as they can occur in patients who they believe have had a technically satisfactory described operation. This review presents an organized approach to the evaluation and treatment of the post HD pull-through patient who is not doing well. Patients with HD who have problems after their initial operation can have: (1) fecal incontinence, (2) obstructive symptoms, and (3) recurrent episodes of enterocolitis (a more severe subset of obstructive symptoms). After employing a systematic diagnostic approach, successful treatments can be implemented in almost every case. Patients may need medical management (behavioral interventions, dietary changes, laxatives, or mechanical emptying of the colon), a reoperation when a specific anatomic or pathologic cause is identified, or botulinum toxin when non-relaxing sphincters are the cause of the obstructive symptoms or recurrent enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ahmad
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Desale Yacob
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devin R Halleran
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alessandra C Gasior
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jacob C Langer
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc A Levitt
- Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
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14
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Surgical approach to Hirschsprung disease. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151156. [PMID: 35690469 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Negash S, Getachew H, Tamirat D, Mammo TN. Hirschsprung disease managed with one-stage transanal endorectal pullthrough in a low-resource setting without frozen section. BMC Surg 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35260130 PMCID: PMC8905736 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) has evolved into a minimally invasive, single-stage procedure with excellent outcomes. Intraoperative frozen section biopsy is critical for this procedure to avoid the potential risk of leaving a retained aganglionic segment. However, this facility is not available in most low-income countries. Therefore, a two-stage procedure with an initial colostomy is still practiced in the developing world. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of single-stage transanal pullthrough performed in a facility without frozen section biopsy. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients who underwent transanal pullthrough in two teaching hospitals over a 6-year period (2015-2020). RESULTS Forty-seven children underwent transanal endorectal pullthrough (TERPT). Age at surgery ranged from 2 months to 6 years and mean weight was 8.7 kg. Barium enema did not show transition zone in 6 patients (12.8%) while others demonstrated short segment HD. Intraoperatively, the transition zone was visualized in 40 patients (85%). TERPT alone was performed in 35 (74.5%), TERPT with laparotomy to visualize transition zone in 9 (26.7%) and TERPT with transabdominal mobilization was required in 3 (6.4%). Definitive histopathologic examination revealed aganglionic segment pullthrough in 4 (8.5%) and transitional zone pullthrough in another 4 (8.5%). However, with long term follow up all eight children remained asymptomatic and no intervention was required. CONCLUSIONS Transanal pullthrough offers reduced number of surgeries and faster recovery. We have also observed a good functional outcome despite a discrepancy with pathology results. Overall, our data suggests it is a safe and viable option for the treatment of short segment HD in facilities where frozen section is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Negash
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Hanna Getachew
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnachew Tamirat
- Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gandhi S, Makan A, Shenoy NS, Basu S, Tulsian A, Shah H. Outcome analysis of single-stage transanal endorectal pull through in selected patients with hirschsprung disease. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2022; 19:56-59. [PMID: 34916354 PMCID: PMC8759412 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_137_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease is a notable cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and constipation in older children. Transanal endorectal pull through (TEPT) is a newer technique of definitive management as against staged procedures. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the procedure in selected children with Hirschsprung disease managed by this technique with review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 12 children who underwent single-stage TEPT in a tertiary care centre over a period of 3 years from 2015 to 2018 were reviewed and retrospectively analysed on the basis of age, investigations, intraoperative parameters, complications, functional outcome and hospital stay. RESULTS The median age at surgery was 9 months. Nine patients were boys. The median weight of patients was 7.5 kg. The transition zone was observed at the level of the rectosigmoid in eight patients (66.6%) and sigmoid colon in four patients (33.3%). The mean length of muscle cuff was 3 cm, the mean length of resected bowel was 25 cm, the median operative time was 105 min and the mean hospital stay was 8 days. Perianal excoriation (n = 2) and enterocolitis (n = 1) were complications encountered postoperatively; however, no patient had cuff abscess, anastomotic leak or stricture. Stool frequency initially at 2 weeks was average of six to ten times a day, which gradually reduced to two to three times a day by 3 months postoperatively. None of the patients had faecal soiling or constipation on follow-up. CONCLUSION Single-stage transanal endorectal pull through is an effective technique in the management of Hirschsprung disease with minimal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Gandhi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Apoorva Makan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha S Shenoy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Syamantak Basu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akriti Tulsian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemanshi Shah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Granéli C, Erlöv T, Mitev RM, Kasselaki I, Hagelsteen K, Gisselsson D, Jansson T, Cinthio M, Stenström P. Ultra high frequency ultrasonography to distinguish ganglionic from aganglionic bowel wall in Hirschsprung disease: A first report. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:2281-2285. [PMID: 33676743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE In Hirschsprung disease (HD) surgery, confirming ganglionic bowel is essential. A faster diagnostic method than the current frozen biopsy is desirable. This study investigated whether aganglionic and ganglionic intestinal wall can be distinguished from each other by ultra high frequency ultrasound (UHF ultrasound). METHODS In an HD center during 2019, intestinal walls of recto-sigmoid specimens from HD patients were examined ex vivo with a 70 MHz UHF ultrasound transducer. Data from four sites were described. Histopathologic analysis was compared to the ultrasonography outcome at each site. Each patient's specimen served as its own control. RESULTS 11 resected recto-sigmoid specimens (median 20 cm long [range 6.5-33]) with transition zones of 5 cm (2-11 cm) were taken from children aged 22 days (13-48) weighing 3668 g (3500-5508); 44 key sites were analyzed. There was full concordance for 42/44 (95%) key sites and 10 of 11 (91%) specimens. The specimen with discordance of two key sites contained a segment of aganglionosis (3 cm) and a transition zone (1 cm): the site discordance was limited to the transition zone ends. CONCLUSIONS This first report on UHF ultrasound in recto-sigmoid HD shows promising results in identifying aganglionosis, transition zones and ganglionic bowel. Further in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Granéli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Munoz Mitev
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Oncology-Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Kasselaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Oncology-Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristine Hagelsteen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Gisselsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Oncology-Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund/Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Engineering Skåne, Digitalisering IT/MT, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stenström
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Ahmad H, Levitt MA, Yacob D, Halleran DR, Gasior AC, Di Lorenzo C, Wood RJ, Langer JC. Evaluation and Management of Persistent Problems After Surgery for Hirschsprung Disease in a Child. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:18. [PMID: 34633517 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ideally, after operative intervention, a child born with Hirschsprung disease (HD) should thrive, achieve fecal continence, and avoid recurrent episodes of abdominal distention and enterocolitis. However, a significant number of patients continue to struggle following their pull-through procedure. The purpose of this review is to present an organized and practical approach to the evaluation and management of the symptomatic patient post pull-through operation for HD. RECENT FINDINGS Children diagnosed with HD who are not doing well after their initial operation can be categorized in three distinct groups: (1) those that have fecal incontinence, (2) those with obstructive symptoms, and (3) those with recurrent episodes of enterocolitis. It is important to have a systematic diagnostic approach for these patients based on a comprehensive protocol. All three of these patient groups can be treated with a combination of either medical management, reoperation when a specific anatomic or pathologic etiology is identified, or botulinum toxin for non-relaxing sphincters contributing to the obstructive symptoms or recurrent enterocolitis. For patients not doing well after their initial pull-through, a systematic workup should be employed to determine the etiology. Once identified, a multidisciplinary and organized approach to management of the symptomatic patients can alleviate most post pull-through symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ahmad
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc A Levitt
- Children's National Colorectal Center, Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Desale Yacob
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Devin R Halleran
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alessandra C Gasior
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob C Langer
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Kawaguchi AL, Guner YS, Sømme S, Quesenberry AC, Arthur LG, Sola JE, Downard CD, Rentea RM, Valusek PA, Smith CA, Slidell MB, Ricca RL, Dasgupta R, Renaud E, Miniati D, McAteer J, Beres AL, Grabowski J, Peter SDS, Gosain A. Management and outcomes for long-segment Hirschsprung disease: A systematic review from the APSA Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1513-1523. [PMID: 33993978 PMCID: PMC8552809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-Segment Hirschsprung Disease (LSHD) differs clinically from short-segment disease. This review article critically appraises current literature on the definition, management, outcomes, and novel therapies for patients with LSHD. METHODS Four questions regarding the definition, management, and outcomes of patients with LSHD were generated. English-language articles published between 1990 and 2018 were compiled by searching PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS 66 manuscripts were included in this systematic review. Standardized nomenclature and preoperative evaluation for LSHD are recommended. Insufficient evidence exists to recommend a single method for the surgical repair of LSHD. Patients with LSHD may have increased long-term gastrointestinal symptoms, including Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), but have a quality of life similar to matched controls. There are few surgical technical innovations focused on this disorder. CONCLUSIONS A standardized definition of LSHD is recommended that emphasizes the precise anatomic location of aganglionosis. Prospective studies comparing operative options and long-term outcomes are needed. Translational approaches, such as stem cell therapy, may be promising in the future for the treatment of long-segment Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi L Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yigit S Guner
- Department of Surgery University of California Irvine and Division of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Orange County, USA
| | - Stig Sømme
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - L Grier Arthur
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan E Sola
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia D Downard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Hiram C. Polk, Jr, MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Rentea
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Valusek
- Pediatric Surgical Associates, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caitlin A Smith
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark B Slidell
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert L Ricca
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Childrens Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Renaud
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Doug Miniati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Roseville Women and Children's Center, Roseville, California, USA
| | | | - Alana L Beres
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento CA, USA
| | - Julia Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL long, USA
| | - Shawn D St Peter
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Ashjaei B, Ghamari Khameneh A, Pak N, Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz G, Meysamie A, Safavi M, Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz S, Tanzifi P. What is the appropriate aganglionic bowel length on contrast enema for attempting single stage transanal endorectal pull-through in Hirschsprung disease? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:975-978. [PMID: 32943197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify influence of different values of age and abnormal bowel length in HD patients selected for single stage TERPT which affects the technique of surgery. METHODS This observational study was carried out for over 2.5 years. All children younger than 14 years old with clinical suspicion for HD, typical transitional zone (TZ) on contrast enema (CE) distal to splenic flexure, preoperative diagnosis approved by full thickness biopsy, no previous surgical history and no urgency were included. The distance between the anus and TZ was considered as aganglionic length on CE. Biopsy was taken from distal to proximal of resected bowel to reach circumferentially normal innervated bowel. Paired sample Student's t-test, Pearson correlation test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Measured mean for aganglionic bowel length on CE and pathology were 33.5 ± 17.1 cm and 56.8 ± 33.5 cm, respectively (p < 0.01). Correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.632 and 40%, respectively (p < 0.01). The difference between radiologic and pathologic measurements in females was higher than males (mean: 29.3 vs 21.9 cm) but was not statistically significant (p = 0.75). There was statistically significant difference between CE and pathologic results in the infants younger than 10 months (p = .004). Abnormal bowel length equal to 52 cm predicted requirement of laparoscopy assistance/laparotomy with 75% sensitivity and 85% specificity. CONCLUSION Our investigation showed it is safe to attempt for single stage TERPT when aganglionic length on CE is less than 52 cm and the child with HD is older than 10 months. Chance of requiring additional laparotomy or laparoscopy assistance is low in these patients. TYPE OF STUDY Study of diagnostic test. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Ashjaei
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshar Ghamari Khameneh
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Neda Pak
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisoo Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- Department of Community medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moeinadin Safavi
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parin Tanzifi
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric center of excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Tk J, Pathak M, Jadhav A, Sinha A. Regarding: What is the appropriate aganglionic bowel length on contrast enema for attempting single stage transanal endorectal pull-through in Hirschsprung disease? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1085-1086. [PMID: 33187646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Tk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India.
| | - Manish Pathak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Avinash Jadhav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Arvind Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
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22
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Ghamari Khameneh A. Regarding: What is the appropriate aganglionic bowel length on contrast enema for attempting single state transanal endorectal pull-through in Hirschsprung disease? J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1087. [PMID: 33478801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshar Ghamari Khameneh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yan J, Sun J, Wu R, Tan SS, Chen Y, Peng Y, Chen Y. Barium enema findings in total colonic aganglionosis: a single-center, retrospective study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:499. [PMID: 33126876 PMCID: PMC7602328 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative diagnosis of total colonic aganglionosis is important for the rational choice of treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiographic signs on preoperative barium enema in patients with total colonic aganglionosis. Methods Forty-four patients [41 (3-659) days] with total colonic aganglionosis, including 17 neonatal patients, who received preoperative barium enema at Beijing Children’s Hospital, from January 2007 to December 2019 were included. All radiographs were retrospectively restudied by 2 pediatric radiologists to ascertain radiographic signs including rectosigmoid index, transition zone, irregular contraction, gas-filled small bowel, microcolon, question-mark-shaped colon and ileocecal valve reflux. Kappa test was performed to assess the accuracy and consistency of the radiographic signs. Results The 2 radiologists showed slight agreement for gas-filled small bowel, microcolon and rectosigmoid index, fair agreement for transition zone and irregular contraction, and moderate agreement for question-mark-shaped colon and ileocecal valve reflux (Kappa values, 0.043, 0.075, 0.103, 0.244, 0.397, 0.458 and 0.545, respectively). In neonatal patients, the 2 radiologists showed moderate agreement for ileocecal valve reflux and substantial agreement for question-mark-shaped colon (Kappa values, 0.469 and 0.667, respectively). In non-neonatal patients, the 2 radiologists showed substantial agreement for ileocecal valve reflux (Kappa value, 0.628). In 36 patients with total colonic aganglionosis extending to the ileum, the accuracies of question-mark-shaped colon, ileocecal valve reflux and the combination of both were 47%, 53%, and 75%, respectively, in one radiologist and 53%, 50% and 72%, respectively, in the other radiologist. Conclusions Ileocecal valve reflux is a relatively reliable radiographic sign for diagnosing total colonic aganglionosis and could improve the diagnostic accuracy upon combination with question-mark-shaped colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihang Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Siyin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwei Chen
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center of Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,, Beijing, PR China.
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24
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Eltayeb AA, Ibrahim NH, Eltayeb AA. Pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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25
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Taghavi K, Goddard L, Evans SM, Hobson A, Beasley SW, Sankaran S, Kukkady A, Stevenson J, Stringer MD. Contemporary management of Hirschsprung disease in New Zealand. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:1037-1040. [PMID: 32483885 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to report the contemporary management of Hirschsprung disease (HD) in New Zealand. METHODS We undertook a national multi-centre retrospective review of all newly diagnosed cases of HD during a 16-year period (2000-2015). Demographics, genetic and syndromic associations, family history, radiology and histology results and surgical interventions were analysed. RESULTS A total of 246 cases (males:females 4:1) were identified, an incidence of 1:3870 live births. Short-segment disease was present in 81.7%, long-segment disease in 8.5%, total colonic aganglionosis in 6.5% and unknown in 3.3%. HD was diagnosed by 4 weeks' corrected gestational age in 67%. Thirty cases (12%) also had Trisomy 21. Fifty-three (21.5%) patients required a repeat rectal biopsy for definitive diagnosis. A contrast enema was performed in 55% and identified the transition zone with 69% accuracy. Primary pull-through surgery was undertaken in 59% (65% of short-segment cases) at a median age of 27 days; others were initially managed by a defunctioning stoma. The commonest definitive procedure was a Soave-Boley endorectal pull-through (79%) (or similar variant). During a median follow-up of 7.4 years, six (2.5%) survivors underwent a redo pull-through, 13 (5.5%) an appendicostomy, 16 (6.8%) a defunctioning stoma and 10 never had a definitive procedure. Total colonic aganglionosis was significantly more likely to be fatal (12.5% versus 0.5%, P < 0.0005) or associated with a permanent end stoma (27.5% versus 4.5%, P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Most New Zealand born infants with short-segment HD are currently managed by primary pull-through, usually in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Taghavi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lucy Goddard
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M Evans
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Hobson
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Spencer W Beasley
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sasikumar Sankaran
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Askar Kukkady
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Stevenson
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wellington Children's Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark D Stringer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wellington Children's Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Vlok SSC, Moore SW, Schubert PT, Pitcher RD. Accuracy of colonic mucosal patterns at contrast enema for diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:810-816. [PMID: 32052081 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various patterns of colonic mucosal irregularity have been recorded on contrast enema, each with individually very low sensitivity, but high specificity. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of the radiologic features of Hirschsprung disease utilising a unifying stratification of any form of colonic mucosal irregularity on contrast enema. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of children with suspected Hirschsprung disease managed at a tertiary South African hospital from January 2009 through April 2015. Three observers independently reviewed abdominal radiographs and contrast enemas. The enema analysis included a unifying category of any form of colonic mucosal irregularity. Radiologic features were compared with rectal biopsy results. We used descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test to compare the radiologic features of children with and without Hirschsprung disease. RESULTS Ninety-two children with median age of 37 days (range 3 days to 11 years) were included; 50 had biopsy-proven Hirschsprung disease. On enema, any mucosal irregularity, a transition zone and recto-sigmoid ratio inversion were associated with Hirschsprung disease (all P<0.01). Mucosal irregularity showed 96% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 86.3-99.5) and 71.4% specificity (CI 55.4-84.3); a transition zone showed 86% sensitivity (CI 73.3-94.2) and 90.5% specificity (CI 77.4-97.3); and recto-sigmoid ratio inversion showed 78% sensitivity (CI 64.0-88.5) and 83.3% specificity (CI 68.3-93.0). CONCLUSION Colonic mucosal irregularity on contrast enema has high sensitivity and moderate specificity for Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucari S C Vlok
- Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sam W Moore
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pawel T Schubert
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard D Pitcher
- Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Haikal Z, Dwihantoro A, Gunarti H, Gunadi. Accuracy of transition zone in contrast enema to predict intraoperative aganglionosis level in patients with Hirschsprung disease. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:104. [PMID: 32098631 PMCID: PMC7043041 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective While frozen section methods have been widely conducted to determine aganglionosis segment during transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) patients in most institutions, some hospitals still rely on contrast enema to predict aganglionosis segments due to unavailability of frozen section facilities. We determined the accuracy of transition zone in contrast enema to predict aganglionosis segments during TEPT. We retrospectively reviewed all contrast enema and frozen sections for HSCR patients under 2 years of age who underwent TEPT at our institution. Results We recruited 36 HSCR patients: twenty-six patients (72.2%) had radiographic transition zones limited to rectum, while ten subjects (27.8%) were limited to rectosigmoid. The rectum subgroup of patients showed a concordance of 30.8%, whereas the rectosigmoid subgroup had a concordance of 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of contrast enema compared with intraoperative histopathological findings for aganglionosis level were 100% (95% CI 0.60–1.0), 35.7% (95% CI 0.19–0.56), 30.8% (95% CI 0.15–0.52), 100% (95% CI 0.66–1.0), and 50% (95% CI 0.33–0.67), respectively. In conclusions, contrast enema has low accuracy to predict intraoperative aganglionosis segments in HSCR patients, indicating that it might not be utilized to determine aganglionosis level during TEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikrul Haikal
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr, Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram, 83126, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dwihantoro
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr, Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Hesti Gunarti
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr, Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr, Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
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Smith C, Ambartsumyan L, Kapur RP. Surgery, Surgical Pathology, and Postoperative Management of Patients With Hirschsprung Disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2020; 23:23-39. [PMID: 31747833 DOI: 10.1177/1093526619889436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endorectal pullthrough surgery is integral in the treatment of patients with Hirschsprung disease. Several different surgical procedures exist, which share as common goals to excise the aganglionic segment and upstream transition zone and attach ganglionic bowel just proximal to the anal canal. The operation requires collaboration between surgeon and pathologist to localize ganglionic bowel and prevent retention of transition zone. Intraoperative frozen sections are extremely important, first to establish that ganglion cells are present and subsequently to exclude features of transition zone (partial circumferential aganglionosis, myenteric hypoganglionosis, and submucosal nerve hypertrophy) at the proximal surgical (anastomotic) margin. Postoperative histopathological analysis of resection specimens should be tailored to document distal aganglionosis, document the length of the aganglionic segment and its proximity to the anastomotic margin, and confirm that transition zone has been resected completely. Adherence to the recommendations described in this review will reduce the likelihood of transition zone pullthrough and should decrease the incidence of persistent postoperative obstructive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Smith
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lusine Ambartsumyan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Sajjad N, Hilal K, Khandwala K, Arshad M, Uddin N. Usefulness of Delayed Films of Contrast Enema for Detecting Hirschsprung's Disease. Cureus 2019; 11:e6339. [PMID: 31938627 PMCID: PMC6952040 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast enema (CE) in Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) provides a road map to surgeons by ascertaining the transition zone (TZ) and helps in pre-surgical planning. In our institute, we use CE as the initial investigation for HD and carry on till the whole colon is fully distended, followed by a 24-hour abdominal film which is also a part of the international protocol. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of this 24-hour delayed film in detecting HD, compare it with gold-standard biopsy results, and to evaluate other imaging features of contrast enema for diagnosis of HD in our tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Records of pediatric patients referred for radiological evaluation of symptoms and signs suspicious of HD during the years 2007-2017 were reviewed. A delayed film was labeled positive if the contrast was not completely evacuated when the residual contrast was present till transverse colon and not beyond. Specificity and sensitivity along with positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each finding according to rectal biopsy, taken as the gold standard. Results In all, 82 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 111 cases, as they had both biopsy results and delayed 24-hour films. HD was confirmed using rectal biopsy in 56 (43 patients were males and 13 were females) of 82 cases. The most sensitive radiological finding was the transition zone with a sensitivity of 91.07%. The rectosigmoid index was the second most common finding on contrast enema with a sensitivity and specificity of 91.07% and 83.93%, respectively. In all, 59% patients had a positive delayed 24-hour film and were confirmed with having HD on biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of delay in contrast evacuation after 24 hours in our study was 81.25%, 90.91%, and 97.50% respectively. Conclusion Contrast enema examinations along with the 24-hour delayed film with mid transverse colon cut-off are optimal for initially investigating HD in a developing nation, and our results show that it correlates well with biopsy. However, rectal biopsy still remains the gold standard for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sajjad
- Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kiran Hilal
- Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Muhammad Arshad
- Pediatric Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Usefulness of laparoscopy for determining the location of transitional zone in patients with inconclusive barium enema for Hirschsprung’s disease. ANNALS OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xps.0000531229.08942.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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The use of stomas in the early management of Hirschsprung disease: Findings of a national, prospective cohort study. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1451-1457. [PMID: 28528714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Primary pull-through without a stoma has become preferred practice in managing Hirschsprung disease (HD). The aims of this study were to establish stoma rate and identify factors associated with stoma formation in a population-based cohort in the UK and Ireland. METHODS Live-born infants with HD were prospectively identified in all 28 specialist pediatric surgical units in the UK and Ireland between October 2010 to September 2012. Method of colonic decompression was recorded and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with stoma formation. RESULTS 305 infants with HD were identified. Rectal washouts were initially used in 86% (263) with a defunctioning stoma formed as the primary management in 13% (39). Ultimately, 36% (111) required a stoma prior to definitive surgery. Compared to infants managed with rectal washouts alone; infants managed with a stoma were more likely to have a transition zone proximal to the splenic flexure, Down (or another) syndrome, and HD diagnosis established more than 28days after presentation. CONCLUSIONS Although rectal washouts are commonly employed, a stoma prior to definitive surgery was required in 36% of infants in a national cohort. Delayed diagnosis, aganglionosis proximal to the splenic flexure and presence of other anomalies are associated with stoma formation. TYPE OF STUDY AND LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognosis study (high-quality prospective cohort study with 80% follow-up and all patients enrolled at same time point in disease).
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32
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Das K, Mohanty S. Hirschsprung Disease - Current Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Pediatr 2017; 84:618-623. [PMID: 28600660 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is a common cause of neonatal and infantile large gut obstruction. It is characterised by varying extent of contiguous aganglionosis extending from the anorectum proximally. Since its recognition, the diagnosis and management has continuously evolved with advances in histological evaluation and surgical techniques. This article summarizes the current modalities of investigation and optimal surgical management of Hirschsprung disease and concludes with a reference to the Indian scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Das
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India.
| | - Suravi Mohanty
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Chen X, Xiaojuan W, Zhang H, Jiao C, Yu K, Zhu T, Feng J. Diagnostic value of the preoperatively detected radiological transition zone in Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:581-586. [PMID: 28154903 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The cardinal diagnostic sign of congenital aganglionic megacolon, or Hirschsprung's disease (HD), is an aganglionic segment of the distal colon or rectum. To determine the surgical planning of a radiological transition zone (TZ) in HD, this study investigated the association between a radiological TZ and the bowel resection length. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in children (n = 192) with suspected HD determined by radiological TZ on contrast barium enema, and who underwent pull-through operations. The bowel resection length was ≥10 cm above the proximal radiological TZ levels and confirmed by intraoperative frozen sections. In the contrast enema, the presence and level of a radiological TZ were recorded. Correlation of the TZ features with ganglion cells assessed by immunostaining of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and the odds ratio were calculated. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing HD by the presence of a radiological TZ were 86.9 and 92.1%, respectively; Youden's index was 79.0%. The positive and negative predictive values were 91.7 and 87.6%. The kappa value indicating an association between TZ and HD was 0.776 (P < 0.05). The correlation rate between a radiological TZ and the pathological results was 88.5% in the rectosigmoid colon and 44.4% in the descending colon, and was higher in children older than 3 months (85.3%) than in infants (69.0%). CONCLUSION A preoperatively determined radiological TZ has potential value to identify the length of resected bowel in patients with HD, and it also has a high predictive value for diagnosis of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wu Xiaojuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kechi Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Msomi MS, Mangray H, Du Plessis V. An assessment of the accuracy of contrast enema for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease at a South African tertiary hospital. SA J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare radiological findings with the histological diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease (HD) to establish the usefulness of contrast enema as an initial screening and diagnostic tool. To correlate accuracy of radiological diagnosis at Grey’s Hospital with international standards.Materials and methods: Systematic searches were conducted through the Picture Archiving and Communication System and the National Health Laboratory Service records for patients aged 0–12 years, with clinically suspected HD, for whom both contrast enemas and rectal biopsies were performed between 01 January 2011 and 31 August 2015 in a tertiary-level hospital. A total of 54 such patients were identified. Diagnostic accuracy levels were calculated by comparing radiological results with histology results, which is the gold standard.Results: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enema was 78%, sensitivity was 94.4% and the negative predictive value was 95.7%. Specificity (68.8%) and positive predictive values (63%) were considerably lower. A lower false-negative rate of 5.6% was obtained at Grey’s Hospital as compared with the international reports of up to 30%.Conclusion: Contrast enema remains useful as an initial screening and diagnostic test for HD. Results of this South African tertiary referral hospital were consistent with the best international results for sensitivity of the contrast enema (approximately 80% – 88% in excluding the disease).
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Hwang TJ, Servaes S, Mattei P, Anupindi SA. Radiologist performance in the interpretation of contrast enemas performed for Hirschsprung's disease in children >1 year of age. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:519.e11-519.e19. [PMID: 28285706 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast enemas (CEs) for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). METHODS AND MATERIALS CE studies performed as part of an HD workup in patients 1-18 years of age over a 10-year period were identified. All abnormal CE studies and an equal number of age-matched controls were included in the final study group. Two radiologists independently and blindly reviewed all CE studies for quality (scale of 0-3) and the presence of large colon calibre, colon redundancy, transition zone, rectosigmoid ratio, and abnormal contractions. Readers also determined whether a rectal biopsy would be recommended to confirm an HD diagnosis. Discrepancies were resolved in consensus. Findings were correlated with surgery and biopsy data. RESULTS Out of 834 CE studies, 38 abnormal CE studies were identified (mean age 5.9 years) and included 38 matched controls. Seventeen of 76 patients were recommended for rectal biopsy, of which five were confirmed to have HD. Twelve of 70 (17.1%) were false positives, and were clinically confirmed not to have HD. The proportion of HD in the present population was 6/834 (0.72%). Of the 17 recommended for biopsy, CE studies showed 17/17 (100%) with an abnormal rectosigmoid ratio, 16/17 (94.1%) with redundant colon, and 15/17 (88%) with large colon. Of patients not recommended for biopsy, one was diagnosed with HD, (false negative, 16.7%). The diagnostic performance of CE was 83.3% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. CONCLUSION Few children >1 year of age were found to have HD and the diagnostic performance of the CE is moderately high. The CE examination is a valuable non-invasive imaging study to help exclude older children who may not have HD, thereby obviating the need for invasive rectal biopsy and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hwang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - S Servaes
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Mattei
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S A Anupindi
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Seifeldein GS, Omar NN, Faddan NHA, Elraheem OA. Low dose multidetector computed tomography in localizing the transition zone of Hirschsprung’s Disease: A novel study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ryu A, Mun ST, Ahn T, Lee HJ, Moon G. A case of Hirschsprung's disease diagnosed during pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 37:97-99. [PMID: 27841063 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1134460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aeli Ryu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | | | | | - Hyun Ju Lee
- c Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeul Moon
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
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Chen X, Zhang H, Li N, Feng J. Pathological changes of interstitial cells of Cajal and ganglion cells in the segment of resected bowel in Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:1019-1024. [PMID: 27586151 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the pathological changes which occur in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and ganglion cells found in segments of resected bowel obtained from patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), as well as to explore the benefits of using a contrast enema (CE) with 24-h delayed X-ray films to predict the length of resected bowel. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 58 children with HD who had undergone the pull-through procedure. After each operation, the ICCs and ganglion cells present in the proximal ends of the barium residue (Level A) and resected proximal bowel segment (Level B) were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining methods. Each patient was followed up for 1 year to record their stool frequency, defecation control ability, and post-surgical complications which may have occurred. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining detected fewer ICCs in Level A than in Level B (p < 0.05). However, the density of ganglion cells in the two levels was not significantly different (p > 0.05). One patient had anastomotic stricture, and five patients suffered from enterocolitis. CONCLUSIONS The density of ICCs was significantly lower in the bowel segments that displayed barium retention. A CE may be a valuable tool for predicting the length of bowel resection in patients with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Arts E, Botden SMBI, Lacher M, Sloots P, Stanton MP, Sugarman I, Wester T, de Blaauw I. Duhamel versus transanal endorectal pull through (TERPT) for the surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. Tech Coloproctol 2016; 20:677-82. [PMID: 27628197 PMCID: PMC5040736 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-016-1524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, several surgical techniques are used to resect the distal aganglionic colon. Two frequently used techniques are the Duhamel procedure and the transanal endorectal pull-through procedure. During the '8th Pediatric Colorectal Course' in Nijmegen, November 2015, a workshop was organized to share experiences of both techniques by several experts in the field and to discuss (long term) outcomes. Specifically, the objective of the meeting was to discuss the main controversies in relation to the technical execution of both procedures in order to make an initial assessment of the limitations of available evidence for clinical decision-making and to formulate a set of preliminary recommendations for current clinical care and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arts
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc-Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S M B I Botden
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc-Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Sloots
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, ErasmusMC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Stanton
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital - Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - I Sugarman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - T Wester
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I de Blaauw
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc-Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Oh C, Lee S, Lee SK, Seo JM. Difference of Postoperative Stool Frequency in Hirschsprung Disease According to Anastomosis Level in a Single-Stage, Laparoscopy-Assisted Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through Procedure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3092. [PMID: 27057833 PMCID: PMC4998749 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorectal innervation that governs sensation, motor function, and rectal accommodation can be influenced by the type of surgical procedure used to treat children with Hirschsprung disease. At our institution, we began to perform single-stage, laparoscopy-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through (LATEP) with submucosal dissection and anastomosis of the ganglionated bowel at 2 different levels relative to the dentate line.This retrospective study describes postoperative stool frequency changes in response to this procedure. Forty infants who underwent single-stage LATEP between September 2003 and April 2012 in a single center by the same surgeon were included in our analysis.The patients were divided in 2 groups: Group A (n = 23) underwent submucosal dissection and anastomosis at 2 mm above the dentate line, and Group B (n = 17) underwent the same procedure with anastomosis 15 mm above the dentate line. Clinical characteristics, clinical findings on the first postoperative visit, and instances of coexisting anomalies did not differ between the 2 groups. Aganglionic segments were found in the rectosigmoid colon in 18 cases (78.2%) in Group A and in 15 cases (88.2%) in Group B. Although the stool frequency was no different at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation, Group B showed significantly fewer bowel movements than Group A after 2 years (3.77 in Group A vs 2.0 in Group B; P = 0.035) and after 3 years (3.92 vs 1.29; P = 0.009) in patients who had aganglionosis of the rectosigmoid colon. The mean follow-up period was 65.87 ± 28.08 months for Group A and 35.59 ± 18.68 for Group B.The level of submucosal dissection and anastomosis in single-stage LATEP influenced the stool frequency in rectosigmoid aganglionosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyoun Oh
- From the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine (CO); and Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SL, S-KL, J-MS), Seoul, Korea
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Reducing the frequency of unnecessary rectal biopsies by combined interpretation of clinical and radiological findings in Egyptian children with suspected Hirschsprung’s disease. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martínez-Criado Y, Cabrera R, Moya MJ, Valladares JC, López-Alonso M, De Agustín Asensio JC. Results of transanal endorrectal descent in Hirschprung's disease. Cir Esp 2015; 93:561-6. [PMID: 25981613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present our experience of patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) operated by transanal endorrectal descent (TED). METHODS A retrospective study performed of TEDs. We correlate fundamentally the aganglionic segment length with: Complications, need for colostomy and surgical approach. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2012 we performed 73 TED (57 men), 78.6% diagnosed in the neonatal period. The aganglionic segment length evidenced in the enema was correlated with surgical findings in 68.9% of cases, being higher in the short forms than in the long segments (80.9 vs. 44%, P<.001). Four patients required preoperative colostomy. The mean age of surgery was 6.3 months (4.5 to 33.7). Short forms represented 64.4% of cases. The abdominal approach was necessary in 10 patients, 9 of these were long/total colonic aganglionic segment. Postoperative enterocolitis presented in 10,9% (9 patients), with no relation with the length of aganglionic or the existence of residual dysplasia. Obstructions occurred in 19.2% of the long form or pancolonic forms. Currently, of the evaluable patients, 5 present constipationand 12 present occasional leakage. CONCLUSIONS TED is the surgery of choice for patients with HD. The majority can be handled by preoperative «nursing» without colostomy. The diagnostic tests of choice are manometry with suction biopsy. No significant correlation was found between enterocolitis and length of aganglionic segment, although we observed a drastic reduction of postoperative enterocolitis, since the introduction of technical changes, such as the use of postoperative rectal tubes and the posterior section of the cuff muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Martínez-Criado
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España.
| | - Rodolfo Cabrera
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España
| | - María José Moya
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España
| | - Juan Carlos Valladares
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España
| | - Manuel López-Alonso
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España
| | - Juan Carlos De Agustín Asensio
- Unidad de Coloproctología Pediátrica y Manometría Anorrectal, Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospitales Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Virgen Macarena, Sevilla España
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Alehossein M, Roohi A, Pourgholami M, Mollaeian M, Salamati P. Diagnostic accuracy of radiologic scoring system for evaluation of suspicious hirschsprung disease in children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2015; 12:e12451. [PMID: 25901256 PMCID: PMC4389175 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1996, Donovan and colleagues represented a scoring system for better prediction of Hirschsprung disease (HD). OBJECTIVES Our objective was to devise another scoring system that uses a checklist of radiologic and clinical signs to determine the probability of HD in suspicious patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a diagnostic accuracy study, 55 children with clinical manifestations of HD that referred to a training hospital from 1998 to 2011 were assessed. A checklist was used to evaluate the items proposed by contrast enema (CE), based on six subscales, including transitional zone, rectosigmoid index (RSI), irregular contractions in aganglionic region, cobblestone appearance, filling defect due to fecaloid materials and lack of meconium defecation during the first 48 hours after birth. The patients were classified as high score and low score. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of our scoring system were calculated for identifying HD, in comparison with pathologically proved or ruled out HD. RESULTS Of the 55 patients, 36 (65.4%) cases had HD and 19 (34.6%) cases were without HD. In the HD group, 32 patients showed high scores and four patients had low scores. The sensitivity and specificity of our diagnostic scoring system were 88.9% (95% CI: 78.6% - 99.1%) and 84.2% (95% CI: 68.7% - 100%), respectively. Moreover, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 91.4% (95% CI: 82.1% - 100%) and 80% (95% CI: 62.5% - 97.5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our new scoring system of CE is a useful diagnostic method in HD. If a patient's score is high, that patient is highly suspicious to HD and reversely, when one's score is low, the patient presents a reduced probability to be diagnosed with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alehossein
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Roohi
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Pourgholami
- Department of Radiology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Mollaeian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Salamati
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Payman Salamati, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2166581579, E-mail:
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Wong CWY, Lau CT, Chung PHY, Lam WMW, Wong KKY, Tam PKH. The value of the 24-h delayed abdominal radiograph of barium enema in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31:11-5. [PMID: 25348880 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of the 24-h delayed film for Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Other features of the barium enema were also examined, in particular the correlation between the radiological transition zone (TZ) and the final pathology. METHODS All patients with suspected HD from 2003 to 2013 who had undergone barium enema and rectal biopsy were reviewed retrospectively to study the correlation between radiological features of barium enema with the final diagnosis as well as severity. RESULTS A total of 182 patients were admitted for suspected HD during the study period, of which 82 had both investigations done. 68 patients had radiological features suggestive of the disease and ultimately, 12 patients had the disease confirmed with rectal biopsy. Among those without radiological features of HD, 2 patients were found to have the disease. Thus, the sensitivity of the 24-h delayed film was 85.7 % and the specificity was 17.6 %. The positive predictive value (PPV) of this test was 20.6 % and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 85.7 %. Regarding the level of TZ, it was not detected in the barium enema in 7 (50 %) out of the 14 patients. For those with the presence of TZ, 6 (85.7 %) of them correlated well with the intra-operative findings and 4 (57.1 %) of them correlated well with the final histology. CONCLUSION The 24-h delayed film of barium enema has a high NPV and is useful to rule out HD. However, rectal biopsy is still suggested for disease confirmation given its low PPV. Lastly, once present, the level of radiological TZ is also a useful predictor for the actual disease involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Y Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Tang YF, Chen JG, An HJ, Jin P, Yang L, Dai ZF, Huang LM, Yu JW, Yang XY, Fan RY, Li SJ, Han Y, Wang JH, Gyawali CP, Sheng JQ. High-resolution anorectal manometry in newborns: normative values and diagnostic utility in Hirschsprung disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1565-72. [PMID: 25263969 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional methods of screening for Hirschsprung disease (HD) in newborns (barium enema, BE; anorectal manometry, ARM; rectal suction biopsy, RSB) have limitations and/or are invasive. High-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) is a minimally invasive technique that has potential to overcome most of these limitations, but normative data and performance characteristics have not been reported in newborns. The aims of our study were to assess anorectal sphincter metrics including resting pressure (RP), anal canal length (ACL), and rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) in healthy and asymptomatic newborns, and to explore the role of HR-ARM in the diagnosis of HD using these normal parameters. METHODS All procedures were performed using solid state HR-ARM equipment (Medical Measurement Systems, Enchede, The Netherland) by a single operator. In the first phase, 180 asymptomatic newborns (term newborns 95, preterm newborns 85) were studied, and anal RP, ACL, and RAIR were measured. In the second phase, 16 newborns with clinical manifestations of HD were studied (9 of whom had histopathologic confirmation), and parameters compared to asymptomatic newborns. KEY RESULTS Normative RP values were higher in term newborns compared with preterm newborns (p < 0.05), and correlated with age. Progressive maturation of the anal sphincter was evident with chronologic age, both in preterm and term newborns. RAIR was present in all normal subjects. Using absent RAIR as indicative of HD, HR-ARM had a sensitivity 89% and specificity of 83% compared to RSB; these performance characteristics were better than BE (sensitivity 78%, specificity 17%), with significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (80% vs 53%, respectively, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Anorectal sphincter pressure progressively matures with incremental increase in RP during the first months of life. HR-ARM is an effective and safe method that complements the diagnosis of HD in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Guinard-Samuel V, Bonnard A, Peuchmaur M, Berrebi D. A variant pattern of calretinin immunohistochemistry on rectal suction-biopsies is fully specific of short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:803-8. [PMID: 24946949 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Calretinin immunohistochemistry is now widely used to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease (HD), since loss of calretinin expression within the mucosa and muscularis mucosae of rectal suction-biopsy is pathognomonic of HD. However, a stippled staining may be observed within hypertrophic nerves in the submucosae in some HD patients. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that such findings may announce the beginning of the transitional zone. METHODS We retrieved 44 consecutive patients (10 girls and 34 boys; median age 6.5 days), diagnosed with aganglionosis on rectal suction biopsies, followed by surgery. According to calretinin immunohistochemistry performed on all paraffin-embedded rectal biopsies, we defined two HD groups: P- showing an absence of any staining within mucosa, muscularis mucosae and submucosa et P+ showing an absence of staining within the mucosa and muscularis mucosae, but a positivity of some submucosal hypertrophic nerves. These data were correlated to the length of total pathological segment (aganglionic and transitional zones) obtained from the original surgery reports. RESULTS 18/44 patients (40.9 %) belonged to the P+ group and 26/44 (59 %) patients were within the P- group. In the P+ group, the maximal length of the aganglionic zone was 9 cm [mean 4 (1-9)] and the total pathological zone never exceeded 14 cm [mean 8 (3.8-14)]. In the P- group, the maximal length of aganglionic zone was 55.5 cm [mean 11.3 (2.5; 55.5)] and the total pathological zone extended to 59.5 cm [mean 17.75 (4.5; 59.5)]. Aganglionic segment was significantly shorter in the P+ group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Staining of some hypertrophic nerves in the submucosa in suction rectal biopsy of HD patients using calretinin immunohistochemistry is only encountered in short-segment aganglionosis with a pathological zone always restricted to rectal and sigmoid colon. This information could be crucial for the surgeons in the decision to choose a transanal procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guinard-Samuel
- Pathology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France,
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Aggarwal A, Jain M, Frykman PK, Xu C, Mukherjee S, Muensterer OJ. Multiphoton microscopy to identify and characterize the transition zone in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1288-93. [PMID: 23845620 PMCID: PMC4372128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of ganglion cells in the transition zone of Hirschsprung Disease (HD) colons is extremely variable. Determining the resection margin based on intraoperative biopsies may be imprecise. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a novel imaging technology with the ability to visualize tissues in real time. In this study, we evaluate the potential of MPM to quantify ganglion cells in a murine model of HD. METHODS After IACUC approval, formalin-fixed colons from 7 wild type (WT) and 6 Endothelin Receptor B gene (EdnrB) homozygous knockout (KO) mice with distal colonic aganglionosis were assessed by MPM for the presence of myenteric ganglion cells. MPM images were captured starting from the anus progressing proximally at 5mm intervals. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained biopsies of the imaged were correlated with MPM findings. RESULTS WT specimens showed normal myenteric plexus ganglia throughout the examined colon. In contrast, distal colons of EdnrB KO animals were devoid of ganglia up to 10mm from the anus. Ganglion cells were visible starting at 20-30 mm proximal to the anus. The density of ganglion cells seen by MPM and histology correlated well. CONCLUSIONS MPM can clearly identify the myenteric plexus ganglia in both WT and KO mouse colons. Comparison with the H&E-stained sections showed reproducible correlation. MPM-based real-time imaging of the myenteric plexus may become a useful intraoperative decision-making tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY-10021, USA
| | - Manu Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY-10021, USA,Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY-10021, USA
| | - Philip K. Frykman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA-90048, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied &Engineering Physics, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853–2703, USA
| | - Sushmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY-10021, USA,Corresponding authors. Sushmita Mukherjee is to be contacted at the Department of Biochemistry, 1300 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065–4896, USA. Tel.: +1 212 746 6495; fax: +1 212 746 8875. Oliver J. Muensterer, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Box 209, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel.: +1 212 746 2705; fax: +1 212 746 3884. (S. Mukherjee), (O.J. Muensterer)
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- Department of Surgery (Division of Pediatric Surgery), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY-10021, USA,Corresponding authors. Sushmita Mukherjee is to be contacted at the Department of Biochemistry, 1300 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065–4896, USA. Tel.: +1 212 746 6495; fax: +1 212 746 8875. Oliver J. Muensterer, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Box 209, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel.: +1 212 746 2705; fax: +1 212 746 3884. (S. Mukherjee), (O.J. Muensterer)
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Abstract
The surgical correction of Hirschsprung disease has undergone a complete evolution in the past decade. Refinements in the performance of both transanal and laparoscopic procedures have tremendously facilitated the advancement of these surgeries. This chapter presents the history of these procedures, and then discusses the various approaches and details of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Langer
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Muller CO, Mignot C, Belarbi N, Berrebi D, Bonnard A. Does the radiographic transition zone correlate with the level of aganglionosis on the specimen in Hirschsprung's disease? Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:597-601. [PMID: 22534881 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-012-3094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The correlation between radiographic transition zone on contrast enema in Hirschsprung's disease and the total length of aganglionosis is known to be inaccurate. The aim of our study was to analyse this correlation more precisely to improve preoperative planning of the corrective surgery. METHODS From 1998 to 2009, 79 patients were operated on for Hirschsprung's disease. All available preoperative contrast enemas (n = 61) had been single blind reviewed by the same radiologist who defined the radiographic transition zone when present in vertebral level. Four groups were determined (rectal, rectosigmoid, long segment, and absence of transition zone) and by Kappa coefficient of agreement correlated to the length of aganglionosis in the pathological report. RESULTS Radiological findings were concordant with the specimen in pathology in 8 cases of 19 in rectal form (42 %), in 20 cases of 35 in rectosigmoid form (57 %), in all 6 cases of long-segment form (100 %), in the 2 cases of total colonic form (100 %) with a global agreement of 58.1 %, κ = 0.39 CI [0.24; 0.57]. CONCLUSION Correlation between level of radiographic transition zone on contrast enema and length of aganglionosis remains low. Systematic preoperative biopsy by coelioscopy or ombilical incision is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Olivia Muller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serrurier, 75019, Paris, France.
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Das K, Kini U, Babu MK, Mohanty S, D'Cruz AJ. The distal level of normally innervated bowel in long segment colonic Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:593-9. [PMID: 20419377 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The definitive surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) depends on an unambiguous histological diagnosis of bowel aganglionosis, as well as an accurate assessment of its proximal extent from the rectum or 'leveling'. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the transition zone in rectosigmoid and long segment colonic forms of HD. METHODS One hundred and fifteen cases of rectosigmoid Hirschsprung's disease (RSHD) and 20 cases of long segment colonic Hirschsprung's disease (LScHD) managed from 1998 to 2008 with a consensus prospective protocol were included in this clinicopathological analysis. RESULTS In RSHD, the radiologic transition zone (rTZ)/gross appearance at laparotomy correlated with the histological 'leveling' in the majority (96%); the histologic transition zone was also short and predictable. In contrast, the rTZ in LScHD was conclusive in only 53%; overall the radiologic and histological transition zones concurred in only 26%. The histologic transition zone extended proximally for an unpredictable length before normal circumferential innervation was noted. CONCLUSIONS A stringent intraoperative histological evaluation of the colon as outlined is more helpful than radiology to establish the distal level of normally innervated bowel in LScHD and achieve an accurate leveling during a colostomy/pull through.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Das
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034, India.
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