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Salinas-Santander M, Sánchez-Domínguez C, Cantú-Salinas C, Gonzalez-Cárdenas H, Cepeda-Nieto AC, Cerda-Flores RM, Ortiz-López R, Ocampo-Candiani J. Association between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and alopecia areata risk. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1953-1958. [PMID: 26640579 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a skin condition in which hair is lost from certain or all areas of the body. This condition has been described as an immune-mediated complex genetic disease, characterized by the presence of lymphocytes that are directed to the hair follicles in the anagen phase. The gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), which is exclusively expressed in immune cells, has been considered as a risk factor associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. In AA, the single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2476601, has been identified as a risk factor in several populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PTPN22 C1858T inherited genetic polymorphism on the predisposition to severe forms of AA, in a case-control study on individuals. The study included 64 unrelated patients diagnosed with several types of AA, as well as 225 healthy unrelated subjects. The DNA samples were genotyped for PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Causal associations were determined by χ2 test and their respective odds ratio (OR) was assessed in a 2×2 contingency table. The results demonstrated a significant association of the T allele [P=0.040; OR=3.196; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.094-10.279] and the CT genotype (P=0.038; OR=3.313; 95% CI, 1.008-10.892) with patchy AA. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested the possible involvement of the T allele of the PTPN22 C1858T SNP as a genetic risk factor for this type of AA in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Salinas-Santander
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, México ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Celia Sánchez-Domínguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Cristina Cantú-Salinas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Hugo Gonzalez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Ana Cecilia Cepeda-Nieto
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, México
| | - Ricardo M Cerda-Flores
- School of Nursing, Genomics and Sequencing Unit, Center for Research and Development in the Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Sequencing Unit, Center for Research and Development in the Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
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Li Y, Yan B, Wang H, Li H, Li Q, Zhao D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang J, Wang S, Shen J, Li Y, Guindi E, Zhao Y. Hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients following Stem Cell Educator therapy. BMC Med 2015; 13:87. [PMID: 25896390 PMCID: PMC4417286 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases and targets the hair follicles, with high impact on the quality of life and self-esteem of patients due to hair loss. Clinical management and outcomes are challenged by current limited immunosuppressive and immunomodulating regimens. METHODS We have developed a Stem Cell Educator therapy in which a patient's blood is circulated through a closed-loop system that separates mononuclear cells from the whole blood, allows the cells to briefly interact with adherent human cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (CB-SC), and returns the "educated" autologous cells to the patient's circulation. In an open-label, phase 1/phase 2 study, patients (N = 9) with severe AA received one treatment with the Stem Cell Educator therapy. The median age was 20 years (median alopecic duration, 5 years). RESULTS Clinical data demonstrated that patients with severe AA achieved improved hair regrowth and quality of life after receiving Stem Cell Educator therapy. Flow cytometry revealed the up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and restoration of balancing Th1/Th2/Th3 cytokine production in the peripheral blood of AA subjects. Immunohistochemistry indicated the formation of a "ring of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)" around the hair follicles, leading to the restoration of immune privilege of hair follicles and the protection of newly generated hair follicles against autoimmune destruction. Mechanistic studies revealed that co-culture with CB-SC may up-regulate the expression of coinhibitory molecules B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) on CD8β(+)NKG2D(+) effector T cells and suppress their proliferation via herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) ligands and programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) on CB-SCs. CONCLUSIONS Current clinical data demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Stem Cell Educator therapy for the treatment of AA. This innovative approach produced lasting improvement in hair regrowth in subjects with moderate or severe AA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01673789, 21 August 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, P.R. China.
| | - Baoyong Yan
- Cell Therapy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, P.R. China.
| | - Hepeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, P.R. China.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P.R. China.
| | - Quanhai Li
- Cell Therapy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P.R. China.
| | - Yana Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P.R. China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China.
| | - Wenxia Li
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, P.R. China.
| | - Shanfeng Wang
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China.
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China.
| | | | - Yong Zhao
- Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies Inc., Jinan, Shandong, 250055, P.R. China. .,Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
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