1
|
Tan JTA, He GS, Chia JLL, Tan GQX, Teo YN, Teo YH, Syn NL, Chai P, Wong RCC, Yeo TC, Kong WKF, Poh KK, Sia CH. Natural history of initially asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a one-stage meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02465-8. [PMID: 39009912 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines on the management strategy for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) remain unclear. This uncertainty stems from the lack of data regarding the natural history of these patients. To address this gap, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the natural history of asymptomatic severe AS patients receiving conservative treatment. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception to 24 January 2024 using the keywords "asymptomatic" AND "aortic" AND "stenosis". We included studies examining patients with asymptomatic severe AS. In interventional trials, only data from conservatively managed arms were collected. A one-stage meta-analysis was conducted using individual patient data reconstructed from published Kaplan-Meier curves. Sensitivity analysis was performed for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients who remained asymptomatic throughout follow-up. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were included (n = 9545). The median time to the development of symptoms was 1.11 years (95% CI 0.90-1.53). 49.36% (40.85-58.59) of patients who were asymptomatic had suffered a major adverse cardiovascular event by 5 years. The median event-free time for heart failure hospitalization (HFH) was 5.50 years (95% CI 5.14-5.91) with 36.34% (95% CI 33.34-39.41) of patients experiencing an HFH by year 5. By 5 years, 79.81% (95% CI 69.26-88.58) of patients developed symptoms (angina, dyspnoea, syncope and others) and 12.36% (95% CI 10.01-15.22) of patients died of cardiovascular causes. For all-cause mortality, the median survival time was 9.15 years (95% CI 8.50-9.96) with 39.43% (CI 33.41-36.40) of patients dying by 5 years. The median time to AVR was 4.77 years (95% CI 4.39-5.17), with 52.64% (95% CI 49.85-55.48) of patients requiring an AVR by 5 years. CONCLUSION Our results reveal poor cardiovascular outcomes for patients with asymptomatic severe AS on conservative treatment. A significant proportion eventually requires an AVR. Further research is needed to determine if early intervention with AVR is more effective than conservative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Teik Ann Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Shiyao He
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolene Li Ling Chia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gladys Qiao Xuan Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Chai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raymond C C Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - William K F Kong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gahl B, Çelik M, Head SJ, Vanoverschelde JL, Pibarot P, Reardon MJ, van Mieghem NM, Kappetein AP, Jüni P, da Costa BR. Natural History of Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and the Association of Early Intervention With Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:1102-1112. [PMID: 32639521 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Whether intervention should be performed in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains debated. Objective To meta-analyze the natural history of asymptomatic severe AS and examine the association of early intervention with survival. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to February 1, 2020. Study Selection Observational studies of adult patients with asymptomatic severe AS. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators independently extracted study and patient characteristics, follow-up time, events, and prognostic indicators of events. Random-effects models were used to derive pooled estimates. Main Outcomes and Measures The meta-analysis on natural history was performed on the primary end point of all-cause death occurring during a conservative treatment period, with secondary end points consisting of cardiac death, death due to heart failure, sudden death, development of symptoms, development of an indication for aortic valve intervention, and aortic valve intervention. The primary end point for the meta-analysis of early intervention vs a conservative strategy was all-cause death during long-term follow-up. Finally, meta-analysis was performed on the association of prognostic indicators with the composite of death or aortic valve intervention found in multivariable models. Results A total of 29 studies with 4075 patients with 11 901 years of follow-up were included. Pooled rates per 100 patients per year were 4.8 (95% CI, 3.6-6.4) for all-cause death, 3.0 (95% CI, 2.2-4.1) for cardiac death, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-3.1) for death due to heart failure, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.6-2.1) for sudden death, 18.1 (95% CI, 12.8-25.4) for an indication for aortic valve intervention, 18.5 (95% CI, 13.4-25.5) for development of symptoms, and 19.2 (95% CI, 15.5-23.8) for aortic valve intervention. Early intervention was associated with a significant reduction in long-term mortality (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.25-0.58). Factors associated with worse prognosis were severity of AS, low-flow AS, left ventricular damage, and atherosclerotic risk factors. Conclusions and Relevance Data from observational studies and a recent randomized clinical trial suggest that many patients with asymptomatic severe AS develop an indication for aortic valve intervention, and their deaths are mostly cardiac but not only sudden. Other end points besides sudden death should be considered during the decision to perform early intervention that are associated with improved survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Gahl
- Clinical Trial Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mevlüt Çelik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart J Head
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Medtronic, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Reardon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - A Pieter Kappetein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Jüni
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barasch E, Petillo F, Pollack S, Rhee PDY, Stovold W, Reichek N. Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates of Mortality in Medically Treated Patients With Severe Isolated Aortic Stenosis and Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Circ J 2014; 78:232-9. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Barasch
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| | - Florentina Petillo
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| | - Simcha Pollack
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| | - Peter D-Y. Rhee
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| | - Wendy Stovold
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| | - Nathaniel Reichek
- St. Francis Hospital, Heart Center/State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Research and Education
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avakian SD, Grinberg M, Ramires JAF, Mansur AP. Outcome of adults with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2008; 123:322-7. [PMID: 17395323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate clinical and echocardiographic variables that could be used to predict outcomes in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis. Management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis is controversial. Because prophylactic surgery may be protective, independent predictors of events that could justify early surgery have been sought. METHODS Outpatients (n=133; mean [+/-SD] age, 66.2+/-13.6 years) with isolated severe asymptomatic aortic stenosis but normal left ventricular function and no previous myocardial infarction were followed up prospectively at a tertiary care hospital. INTERVENTIONS We use a "wait-for-events" strategy. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. RESULTS Nineteen patients developed angina; 40, dyspnea; 5, syncope; and 7, sudden death during a mean follow-up period of 3.30+/-1.87 years. Event-free survival was 90.2+/-2.6% at 1 year, 73.4+/-3.9% at 2 years, 70.7+/-4.3% at 3 years, 57.8+/-4.7% at 4 years, 40.3+/-5.0% at 5 years, and 33.3+/-5.2% at 6 years. The mean follow-up period until sudden death (1.32+/-1.11 years) was shorter than that for dyspnea (2.44+/-1.84 years), syncope (2.87+/-1.26 years) and angina (3.03+/-1.68 years). Cox regression analysis disclosed only reduced but within normal limits ejection fraction as independent predictor of total events. CONCLUSIONS Management on "wait-for-events" strategy is generally safe. Progressive left ventricular ejection fraction reduction even within normal limits identified patients at high risk for events in whom valve replacement surgery should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange D Avakian
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|