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Roig I, Brieno-Enriquez MA, Caldes MG. Meiosis in a bottle: new approaches to overcome Mammalian meiocyte study limitations. Genes (Basel) 2011; 2:152-68. [PMID: 24710142 PMCID: PMC3924833 DOI: 10.3390/genes2010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of meiosis is limited because of the intrinsic nature of gametogenesis in mammals. One way to overcome these limitations would be the use of culture systems that would allow meiotic progression in vitro. There have been some attempts to culture mammalian meiocytes in recent years. In this review we will summarize all the efforts to-date in order to culture mammalian sperm and oocyte precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Roig
- Cytology and Histology Unit, Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Brieno-Enriquez
- Cell Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Garcia Caldes
- Cell Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Robles P, Roig I, Garcia R, Ortega A, Egozcue J, Cabero LL, Garcia M. Pairing and synapsis in oocytes from female fetuses with euploid and aneuploid chromosome complements. Reproduction 2007; 133:899-907. [PMID: 17616720 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Only little is known about the meiotic prophase events in human oocytes, although some of them are involved in the origin of aneuploidies. Here, a broad study of the pairing and synaptic processes in 3263 human euploid and 2613 aneuploid oocytes (47,XX, +21 and 47,XX, +13), using different techniques and methods, is presented in order to elucidate the characteristics of this essential meiotic process. Our results reaffirm the existence of a common high efficiency in the pairing process leading to the obtainment of a bivalent for all chromosomes studied in euploid and aneuploid cases. Nevertheless, this high efficiency was insufficient to consistently produce trivalents in aneuploid oocytes. Trivalent 21 was only observed in 48.8% of the 47,XX, +21 pachytene-stage oocytes studied, and trivalent 13 was found in 68.7% of the 47,XX, +13 pachytene-stage oocytes analyzed. Our data confirm the hypothesis which suggests that in human oocytes the presence of an extra chromosome could interfere in bouquet dynamics. In addition, the pairing process of the X chromosome is altered in trisomic 21 oocytes, providing evidence of the influence that an extra chromosome 21 may cause meiotic progression.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosome Pairing
- Chromosomes, Human
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Female
- Fetus/ultrastructure
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oocytes/ultrastructure
- Oogenesis/physiology
- Pachytene Stage
- Synaptonemal Complex/ultrastructure
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- P Robles
- Unitat de Biologia, Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Roig I, Garcia R, Robles P, Cortvrindt R, Egozcue J, Smitz J, Garcia M. Human fetal ovarian culture permits meiotic progression and chromosome pairing process. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1359-67. [PMID: 16449311 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The female meiotic process seems to be crucial for aneuploidy in humans. The first stages of mammalian female meiosis take place during the fetal period. Therefore, only little is known about female meiosis. The goal of this study was to develop a culture technique that permits human oocytes to progress through meiotic prophase, to provide a system to study human female meiosis. METHOD Fetal ovaries from four cases were cultured up to 35 days in alpha-minimal essential medium, 2% human serum albumin, 5 microg/ml insulin, 5 microg/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml selenium and 100 IU/ml penicillin-100 microg/ml streptomycin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although ovarian response to culture conditions varied, human oocytes survived in vitro up to 5 weeks. In three cases, we observed significant variation in stages of meiosis among the cultures. The homologous chromosome pairing process was studied for the first time in cultured oocytes, and the results suggested that the pairing process was completed following the same features described previously for euploid oocytes, as followed by the chromosome-13 pairing process and synaptonemal complex formation. Although a higher proportion of degenerated oocytes were observed as culture time increased, we also observed oogonial entrance to meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roig
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Roig I, Robles P, Garcia R, Martin M, Egozcue J, Cabero L, Barambio S, Garcia M. Evolution of the meiotic prophase and of the chromosome pairing process during human fetal ovarian development. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2463-9. [PMID: 15905292 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on human oocytes in prophase I are limited due to the difficulty in obtaining the sample. However, a complete study of meiotic prophase evolution and the homologue pairing process is necessary to try to understand the implication of oogenesis in the origin of human aneuploidy. METHODS A complete analysis of meiotic prophase progression comprising the long developmental time period during which meiotic prophase takes place, based on the analysis of a total of 8603 oocytes in prophase I from 15 different cases is presented. The pairing process of chromosomes 13 and 18 is also described. RESULTS The findings significantly relate for the first time the evolution of meiotic prophase to fetal development. Although for both chromosomes 13 and 18 a high pairing efficiency is found, pairing failure at the pachytene stage has been observed in 0.1% of oocytes. However, errors at the diplotene stage are substantially increased, suggesting that complete, premature disjunction of the homologues commonly occurs. Moreover, pre-meiotic errors are also described. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that homologous chromosomes pair very efficiently, but the high frequency of complete, premature homologue separation found at diplotene suggests that mechanisms other than the pairing process could be more likely to lead to the high aneuploidy rate observed in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roig
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Cheng EY, Naluai-Cecchini T. FISHing for acrocentric associations between chromosomes 14 and 21 in human oogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:1781-5; discussion 1785-7. [PMID: 15284799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to search for cytologic evidence of robertsonian translocation formation that involves chromosomes 14q and 21q in human oogenesis with the use of dual color fluorescent in situ hybridization with whole chromosome paints. STUDY DESIGN The oocytes from a chromosomally normal fetus at 23.5 weeks of gestation underwent cohybridization with chromosome specific DNA libraries from chromosomes 14 and 21. The nuclei were scored for the proportion of meiosis I prophase substages and for hybridization efficiency and were evaluated for the presence of hybridization signals that were suggestive of heterologous associations between chromosomes 14q and 21q in zygotene, pachytene, and diplotene. RESULTS A total of 1769 meiotic nuclei were analyzed. Of 272 informative nuclei at zygotene, pachytene, and diplotene, 1 nucleus at pachytene demonstrated hybridization signals for chromosomes 14 and 21 that could be consistent with a robertsonian translocation. CONCLUSION A heterologous association between chromosomes 14q and 21q that possibly represent robertsonian translocation formation was observed cytologically with the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Y Cheng
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6460, USA.
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Abstract
Foetal ovarian tissue is now being cultured or frozen, to generate oocytes for assisted reproduction, an emerging technology. This study examines the ultrastructure of oogonia at 13-15 weeks of gestation, which could be used as a control for culture and freezing of foetal ovaries. Oogonia are largely located in the ovarian cortex, whilst primordial germ cells (PGC) and somatic follicle cells compose the surface epithelium. Oogonia and PGC have large vesicular nuclei with clear cytoplasm, compared to dense follicle cells, which have polymorphic nuclei. Follicle cells intermingle with oogonia and establish close contacts - beginning of folliculogenesis. Nuclei of oogonia contain one to three highly reticulated nucleoli, reflecting high levels of RNA synthesis at the onset of growth. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) form stacks of cisternae associated with numerous ribosomes. Prominent organelles in the ooplasm are elongated mitochondria with dense matrices and tubular cristate presenting a multilocular appearance. Typical Golgi complexes, dense bodies and clear vacuoles are present and microfilaments are located beneath the plasma membrane. The most remarkable feature of oogonia is that they have typical juxtanuclear centrioles (diplosomes) with dense pericentriolar material, which nucleate microtubules, characteristic of functional centrosomes organizing the cytoskeleton. The mature oocyte has no centrioles, since the maternal centrosome is inactivated or reduced, while the paternal is dominant. Centrioles are most likely involved in mitosis of oogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sathananthan
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
Morphogenesis is the establishment during development of the complex organization of tissues and organs that characterizes the adult. In multicellular animals, one of the most important processes is morphogenetic movement, the translocation of individual cells or whole tissue rudiments from one site in the body to another. Active cellular locomotion is important in many situations of morphogenetic movement. Characteristically, cell migration in the embryo displays impressive precision: cells at defined sites in the embryo begin migration at particular stages of development, traverse precisely-characterized pathways during migration, and localize finally at particular sites in the body, in specific association with other tissues. One of the most challenging problems of experimental biology is the definition of the mechanisms that regulate the active migration of embryonic cells and tissues. Recent years have seen gratifying progress in this direction, with the definition and characterization of a number of processes of potential importance. This review describes selected instances of morphogenetic movement and contains a discussion of our current understanding of the problem of regulation of cell motility in the embryo.
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Insect Ovaries and Follicles in Culture: Oocyte and Early Embryonic Development in Pedogenetic Gall Midges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-007902-5.50011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Peluso JJ, Montgomery MK, Steger RW, Meites J, Sacher G. Aging and ovarian function in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) with specific reference to the development of preovulatory follicles. Exp Aging Res 1980; 6:317-28. [PMID: 7191810 DOI: 10.1080/03610738008258367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the effects of increasing age on uterine histology, follicular development and steroidogenesis within the ovary of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). The animals were autopsied on each day of the estrous cycle and ranged from 14 to 49 mos. of age. The data indicated that the animals maintained estrous cycles throughout their lifespan as judged by cyclic changes in uterine histology. In addition these studies showed that aging (1) did not alter ovarian concentrations of testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol or progesterone, (2) resulted in a decrease in the number of primary and preantral follicles during metestrus, proestrus and estrus, (3) increased the percentage of atretic preantral follicles during metestrus only, and (4) did not reduce the number of antral (preovulatory) follicles that develop by proestrus. These observations suggest that in P. leucopus the "rescue" of preantral follicles constitutes the mechanism which compensates for the decrease in the number of smaller follicles and allows the normal number of preovulatory follicles to develop and ovulate. It is also possible that this mechanism exists in the laboratory mouse and rat since species-specific numbers of preovulatory follicles develop in aged cycling animals despite an age-related decrease in the total follicular populations.
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Guraya SS. Recent progress in the morphology, histochemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of developing and maturing mammalian testis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1980; 62:187-309. [PMID: 6988360 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Went D, Fux T, Camenzind R. Movement pattern and ultrastructure of pulsating oocyte nuclei of the paedogenetic gall midge, Heteropeza pygmaea winnertz (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7322(78)80020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Development of gonads of 7?11-week human fetuses in organ culture. Bull Exp Biol Med 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00800508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gondos B, Conner LA. Ultrastructure of developing germ cells in the fetal rabbit testis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1973; 136:23-42. [PMID: 4734151 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001360104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Odor DL, Blandau RJ. Organ cultures of fetal mouse ovaries. I. Light microscopic structure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1971; 131:387-414. [PMID: 4107469 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001310402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gondos B, Bhiraleus P, Hobel CJ. Ultrastructural observations on germ cells in human fetal ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 110:644-52. [PMID: 5563226 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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