1
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İş Ö, Wang X, Reddy JS, Min Y, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Patel T, Bergman J, Quicksall Z, Heckman MG, Tutor-New FQ, Can Demirdogen B, White L, Koga S, Krause V, Inoue Y, Kanekiyo T, Cosacak MI, Nelson N, Lee AJ, Vardarajan B, Mayeux R, Kouri N, Deniz K, Carnwath T, Oatman SR, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Nguyen T, Carrasquillo MM, Graff-Radford J, Petersen RC, Jr Jack CR, Kantarci K, Murray ME, Nho K, Saykin AJ, Dickson DW, Kizil C, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N. Gliovascular transcriptional perturbations in Alzheimer's disease reveal molecular mechanisms of blood brain barrier dysfunction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4758. [PMID: 38902234 PMCID: PMC11190273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To uncover molecular changes underlying blood-brain-barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in 24 Alzheimer's disease and control brains and focused on vascular and astrocyte clusters as main cell types of blood-brain-barrier gliovascular-unit. The majority of the vascular transcriptional changes were in pericytes. Of the vascular molecular targets predicted to interact with astrocytic ligands, SMAD3, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease pericytes, has the highest number of ligands including VEGFA, downregulated in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes. We validated these findings with external datasets comprising 4,730 pericyte and 150,664 astrocyte nuclei. Blood SMAD3 levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease-related neuroimaging outcomes. We determined inverse relationships between pericytic SMAD3 and astrocytic VEGFA in human iPSC and zebrafish models. Here, we detect vast transcriptome changes in Alzheimer's disease at the gliovascular-unit, prioritize perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions, and validate these in cross-species models to provide a molecular mechanism of blood-brain-barrier disintegrity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Birsen Can Demirdogen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Launia White
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Krause
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yasuteru Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nastasia Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annie J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kaancan Deniz
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Troy Carnwath
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura J Lewis-Tuffin
- Mayo Clinic Florida Cytometry and Cell Imaging Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kejal Kantarci
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Caghan Kizil
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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2
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Walton RL, Koga S, Beasley AI, White LJ, Griesacker T, Murray ME, Kasanuki K, Hou X, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Uitti RJ, Fields JA, Botha H, Ramanan VK, Kantarci K, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Ertekin-Taner N, Savica R, Graff-Radford J, Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Reichard RR, Graff-Radford NR, Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Heckman MG. Role of GBA variants in Lewy body disease neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:54. [PMID: 38472443 PMCID: PMC11049671 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rare and common GBA variants are risk factors for both Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the degree to which GBA variants are associated with neuropathological features in Lewy body disease (LBD) is unknown. Herein, we assessed 943 LBD cases and examined associations of 15 different neuropathological outcomes with common and rare GBA variants. Neuropathological outcomes included LBD subtype, presence of a high likelihood of clinical DLB (per consensus guidelines), LB counts in five cortical regions, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the dorsolateral and ventromedial putamen, ventrolateral substantia nigra neuronal loss, Braak neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) stage, Thal amyloid phase, phospho-ubiquitin (pS65-Ub) level, TDP-43 pathology, and vascular disease. Sequencing of GBA exons revealed a total of 42 different variants (4 common [MAF > 0.5%], 38 rare [MAF < 0.5%]) in our series, and 165 cases (17.5%) had a copy of the minor allele for ≥ 1 variant. In analysis of common variants, p.L483P was associated with a lower Braak NFT stage (OR = 0.10, P < 0.001). In gene-burden analysis, presence of the minor allele for any GBA variant was associated with increased odds of a high likelihood of DLB (OR = 2.00, P < 0.001), a lower Braak NFT stage (OR = 0.48, P < 0.001), a lower Thal amyloid phase (OR = 0.55, P < 0.001), and a lower pS65-Ub level (β: -0.37, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that GBA variants were most common in LBD cases with a combination of transitional/diffuse LBD and Braak NFT stage 0-II or Thal amyloid phase 0-1, and correspondingly that the aforementioned associations of GBA gene-burden with a decreased Braak NFT stage and Thal amyloid phase were observed only in transitional or diffuse LBD cases. Our results indicate that in LBD, GBA variants occur most frequently in cases with greater LB pathology and low AD pathology, further informing disease-risk associations of GBA in PD, PD dementia, and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Launia J White
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Koji Kasanuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R Ross Reichard
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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3
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Altay MF, Kumar ST, Burtscher J, Jagannath S, Strand C, Miki Y, Parkkinen L, Holton JL, Lashuel HA. Development and validation of an expanded antibody toolset that captures alpha-synuclein pathological diversity in Lewy body diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:161. [PMID: 38062007 PMCID: PMC10703845 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the brain is a defining hallmark of synucleinopathies. Various aSyn conformations and post-translationally modified forms accumulate in pathological inclusions and vary in abundance among these disorders. Relying on antibodies that have not been assessed for their ability to detect the diverse forms of aSyn may lead to inaccurate estimations of aSyn pathology in human brains or disease models. To address this challenge, we developed and characterized an expanded antibody panel that targets different sequences and post-translational modifications along the length of aSyn, and that recognizes all monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar aSyn conformations. Next, we profiled aSyn pathology across sporadic and familial Lewy body diseases (LBDs) and reveal heterogeneous forms of aSyn pathology, rich in Serine 129 phosphorylation, Tyrosine 39 nitration and N- and C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylations, scattered both to neurons and glia. In addition, we show that aSyn can become hyperphosphorylated during processes of aggregation and inclusion maturation in neuronal and animal models of aSyn seeding and spreading. The validation pipeline we describe for these antibodies paves the way for systematic investigations into aSyn pathological diversity in the human brain, peripheral tissues, as well as in cellular and animal models of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Firat Altay
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Strand
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Tunold JA, Tan MMX, Koga S, Geut H, Rozemuller AJM, Valentino R, Sekiya H, Martin NB, Heckman MG, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Dickson DW, Toft M, van de Berg WDJ, Ross OA, Pihlstrøm L. Lysosomal polygenic risk is associated with the severity of neuropathology in Lewy body disease. Brain 2023; 146:4077-4087. [PMID: 37247383 PMCID: PMC10545498 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, often co-occurring with variable degrees of Alzheimer's disease related neuropathology. Genetic association studies have successfully identified common variants associated with disease risk and phenotypic traits in Lewy body disease, yet little is known about the genetic contribution to neuropathological heterogeneity. Using summary statistics from Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease genome-wide association studies, we calculated polygenic risk scores and investigated the relationship with Lewy, amyloid-β and tau pathology. Associations were nominated in neuropathologically defined samples with Lewy body disease from the Netherlands Brain Bank (n = 217) and followed up in an independent sample series from the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank (n = 394). We also generated stratified polygenic risk scores based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms annotated to eight functional pathways or cell types previously implicated in Parkinson's disease and assessed for association with Lewy pathology in subgroups with and without significant Alzheimer's disease co-pathology. In an ordinal logistic regression model, the Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score was associated with concomitant amyloid-β and tau pathology in both cohorts. Moreover, both cohorts showed a significant association between lysosomal pathway polygenic risk and Lewy pathology, which was more consistent than the association with a general Parkinson's disease risk score and specific to the subset of samples without significant concomitant Alzheimer's disease related neuropathology. Our findings provide proof of principle that the specific risk alleles a patient carries for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease also influence key aspects of the underlying neuropathology in Lewy body disease. The interrelations between genetic architecture and neuropathology are complex, as our results implicate lysosomal risk loci specifically in the subset of samples without Alzheimer's disease co-pathology. Our findings hold promise that genetic profiling may help predict the vulnerability to specific neuropathologies in Lewy body disease, with potential relevance for the further development of precision medicine in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Anders Tunold
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela M X Tan
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hanneke Geut
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Valentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sekiya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicholas B Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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5
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Suthar SK, Lee SY. Truncation or proteolysis of α-synuclein in Parkinsonism. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101978. [PMID: 37286088 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of α-synuclein, such as truncation or abnormal proteolysis, are implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). A key focus of this article includes the proteases responsible for inducing truncation, the specific sites susceptible to truncation, and the resultant influence of these truncated species on the seeding and aggregation of endogenous α-synuclein. We also shed light on the unique structural attributes of these truncated species, and how these modifications can lead to distinctive forms of synucleinopathies. In addition, we explore the comparative toxic potentials of various α-synuclein species. An extensive analysis of available evidence of truncated α-synuclein species in human-synucleinopathy brains is also provided. Lastly, we delve into the detrimental impact of truncated species on key cellular structures such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Our article discusses enzymes involved in α-synuclein truncation, including 20 S proteasome, cathepsins, asparagine endopeptidase, caspase-1, calpain-1, neurosin/kallikrein-6, matrix metalloproteinase-1/-3, and plasmin. Truncation patterns impact α-synuclein aggregation - C-terminal truncation accelerates aggregation with larger truncations correlated with shortened aggregation lag times. N-terminal truncation affects aggregation differently based on the truncation location. C-terminally truncated α-synuclein forms compact, shorter fibrils compared to the full-length (FL) protein. N-terminally truncated monomers form fibrils similar in length to FL α-synuclein. Truncated forms show distinct fibril morphologies, increased β-sheet structures, and greater protease resistance. Misfolded α-synuclein can adopt various conformations, leading to unique aggregates and distinct synucleinopathies. Fibrils, with prion-like transmission, are potentially more toxic than oligomers, though this is still debated. Different α-synuclein variants with N- and C-terminal truncations, namely 5-140, 39-140, 65-140, 66-140, 68-140, 71-140, 1-139, 1-135, 1-133, 1-122, 1-119, 1-115, 1-110, and 1-103 have been found in PD, DLB, and MSA patients' brains. In Parkinsonism, excess misfolded α-synuclein overwhelms the proteasome degradation system, resulting in truncated protein production and accumulation in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
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6
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Janssen B, Tian G, Lengyel-Zhand Z, Hsieh CJ, Lougee MG, Riad A, Xu K, Hou C, Weng CC, Lopresti BJ, Kim HJ, Pagar VV, Ferrie JJ, Garcia BA, Mathis CA, Luk K, Petersson EJ, Mach RH. Identification of a Putative α-synuclein Radioligand Using an in silico Similarity Search. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:704-719. [PMID: 36991273 PMCID: PMC10527666 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies from our lab utilized an ultra-high throughput screening method to identify compound 1 as a small molecule that binds to alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) fibrils. The goal of the current study was to conduct a similarity search of 1 to identify structural analogs having improved in vitro binding properties for this target that could be labeled with radionuclides for both in vitro and in vivo studies for measuring α-synuclein aggregates. METHODS Using 1 as a lead compound in a similarity search, isoxazole derivative 15 was identified to bind to α-synuclein fibrils with high affinity in competition binding assays. A photocrosslinkable version was used to confirm binding site preference. Derivative 21, the iodo-analog of 15, was synthesized, and subsequently radiolabeled isotopologs [125I]21 and [11C]21 were successfully synthesized for use in in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. [125I]21 was used in radioligand binding studies in post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain homogenates. In vivo imaging of an α-synuclein mouse model and non-human primates was performed with [11C]21. RESULTS In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies for a panel of compounds identified through a similarity search, were shown to correlate with Ki values obtained from in vitro binding studies. Improved affinity of isoxazole derivative 15 for α-synuclein binding site 9 was indicated by photocrosslinking studies with CLX10. Design and successful (radio)synthesis of iodo-analog 21 of isoxazole derivative 15 enabled further in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Kd values obtained in vitro with [125I]21 for α-synuclein and Aβ42 fibrils were 0.48 ± 0.08 nM and 2.47 ± 1.30 nM, respectively. [125I]21 showed higher binding in human postmortem PD brain tissue compared with AD tissue, and low binding in control brain tissue. Lastly, in vivo preclinical PET imaging showed elevated retention of [11C]21 in PFF-injected mouse brain. However, in PBS-injected control mouse brain, slow washout of the tracer indicates high non-specific binding. [11C]21 showed high initial brain uptake in a healthy non-human primate, followed by fast washout that may be caused by rapid metabolic rate (21% intact [11C]21 in blood at 5 min p.i.). CONCLUSION Through a relatively simple ligand-based similarity search, we identified a new radioligand that binds with high affinity (<10 nM) to α-synuclein fibrils and PD tissue. Although the radioligand has suboptimal selectivity for α-synuclein towards Aβ and high non-specific binding, we show here that a simple in silico approach is a promising strategy to identify novel ligands for target proteins in the CNS with the potential to be radiolabeled for PET neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guilong Tian
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zsofia Lengyel-Zhand
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marshall G Lougee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vinayak V Pagar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John J Ferrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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7
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Cheshire WP, Koga S, Tipton PW, Sekiya H, Ross OA, Uitti RJ, Josephs KA, Dickson DW. Cancer in pathologically confirmed multiple system atrophy. Clin Auton Res 2023; 33:451-458. [PMID: 37178348 PMCID: PMC10529111 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-00946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess whether cancer occurs with increased frequency in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The pathological hallmark of MSA is glial cytoplasmic inclusions containing aggregated α-synuclein, and the related protein γ-synuclein correlates with invasive cancer. We investigated whether these two disorders are associated clinically. METHODS Medical records of 320 patients with pathologically confirmed MSA seen between 1998 and 2022 were reviewed. After excluding those with insufficient medical histories, the remaining 269 and an equal number of controls matched for age and sex were queried for personal and family histories of cancer recorded on standardized questionnaires and in clinical histories. Additionally, age-adjusted rates of breast cancer were compared with US population incidence data. RESULTS Of 269 cases in each group, 37 with MSA versus 45 of controls had a personal history of cancer. Reported cases of cancer in parents were 97 versus 104 and in siblings 31 versus 44 for MSA and controls, respectively. Of 134 female cases in each group, 14 MSA versus 10 controls had a personal history of breast cancer. The age-adjusted rate of breast cancer in MSA was 0.83%, as compared with 0.67% in controls and 2.0% in the US population. All comparisons were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION The evidence from this retrospective cohort found no significant clinical association of MSA with breast cancer or other cancers. These results do not exclude the possibility that knowledge about synuclein pathology at the molecular level in cancer may lead to future discoveries and potential therapeutic targets for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Cheshire
- Division of Autonomic Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Philip W Tipton
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sekiya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Estaun-Panzano J, Arotcarena ML, Bezard E. Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105966. [PMID: 36527982 PMCID: PMC9875312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in the cells of affected brain regions. Since the seminal report of likely-aggregated α-syn presence within the Lewy bodies by Spillantini et al. in 1997, the keyword "synuclein aggregation" has appeared in over 6000 papers (Source: PubMed October 2022). Studying, observing, describing, and quantifying α-syn aggregation is therefore of paramount importance, whether it happens in tubo, in vitro, in post-mortem samples, or in vivo. The past few years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding aggregation mechanisms and identifying various polymorphs. In this context of growing complexity, it is of utmost importance to understand what tools we possess, what exact information they provide, and in what context they may be applied. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to rationalize the relevance of the information and the limitations of these methods for gauging the final result. In this review, we present the main techniques that have shaped the current views about α-syn structure and dynamics, with particular emphasis on the recent breakthroughs that may change our understanding of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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9
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Yi M, Li J, Jian S, Li B, Huang Z, Shu L, Zhang Y. Quantitative and causal analysis for inflammatory genes and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119315. [PMID: 36926335 PMCID: PMC10011457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dysfunction of immune system and inflammation contribute to the Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Cytokines, oxidative stress, neurotoxin and metabolism associated enzymes participate in neuroinflammation in PD and the genes involved in them have been reported to be associated with the risk of PD. In our study, we performed a quantitative and causal analysis of the relationship between inflammatory genes and PD risk. Methods Standard process was performed for quantitative analysis. Allele model (AM) was used as primary outcome analysis and dominant model (DM) and recessive model (RM) were applied to do the secondary analysis. Then, for those genes significantly associated with the risk of PD, we used the published GWAS summary statistics for Mendelian Randomization (MR) to test the causal analysis between them. Results We included 36 variants in 18 genes for final pooled analysis. As a result, IL-6 rs1800795, TNF-α rs1799964, PON1 rs854560, CYP2D6 rs3892097, HLA-DRB rs660895, BST1 rs11931532, CCDC62 rs12817488 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of PD statistically with the ORs ranged from 0.66 to 3.19 while variants in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, MnSOD, NFE2L2, CYP2E1, NOS1, NAT2, ABCB1, HFE and MTHFR were not related to the risk of PD. Besides, we observed that increasing ADP-ribosyl cyclase (coded by BST1) had causal effect on higher PD risk (OR[95%CI] =1.16[1.10-1.22]) while PON1(coded by PON1) shown probably protective effect on PD risk (OR[95%CI] =0.81[0.66-0.99]). Conclusion Several polymorphisms from inflammatory genes of IL-6, TNF-α, PON1, CYP2D6, HLA-DRB, BST1, CCDC62 were statistically associated with the susceptibility of PD, and with evidence of causal relationships for ADP-ribosyl cyclase and PON1 on PD risk, which may help understand the mechanisms and pathways underlying PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shijie Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zini Huang
- Bangor College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Shu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Nolano M, Caporaso G, Manganelli F, Stancanelli A, Borreca I, Mozzillo S, Tozza S, Dubbioso R, Iodice R, Vitale F, Koay S, Vichayanrat E, da Silva FV, Santoro L, Iodice V, Provitera V. Phosphorylated α-Synuclein Deposits in Cutaneous Nerves of Early Parkinsonism. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2453-2468. [PMID: 36373295 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of peripheral phosphorylated-α-Synuclein (p-α-syn) deposition on nerve degeneration in synucleinopathies is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the cutaneous neural distribution of p-α-Syn deposits and its correlation with clinical data and with morphology and function of cutaneous sensory and autonomic nerves in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy-parkinson type (MSA-p). METHODS We recruited 57 PD (F/M = 21/36; age 63.5±9.4 years) and 43 MSA-p (F/M = 16/27; age 62.3±9.0 years) patients within 2 years from motor symptoms. We applied questionnaires and clinical scales, sensory thresholds, and sudomotor testing to assess severity of motor and non-motor involvement and sensory and autonomic dysfunction. We quantified, in skin biopsy from thigh, leg, and fingertip, epidermal, pilomotor, and sudomotor nerve fibers, Meissner corpuscles and intrapapillary myelinated endings and the neural distribution of p-α-syn deposits. RESULTS Compared to controls, we found a cutaneous denervation paralleling functional and clinical impairment. Sensory and autonomic denervation was more severe in MSA-p than in PD. Deposits of p-α-syn were found in the majority of patients, with no significant differences among sites in both groups. Higher occurrence of p-α-syn deposits in autonomic nerves differentiated (p < 0.01) PD from MSA-p. p-α-syn deposits correlated positively with sudomotor function, epidermal, pilomotor and sudomotor nerve densities, and inversely with non-motor symptoms and disease progression. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated an early peripheral sensory and autonomic involvement in synucleinopathies, more severe in MSA-p than in PD. Higher p-α-syn deposits in autonomic nerves differentiated PD from MSA-p. p-α-syn deposits were associated with preserved innervation and slower disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nolano
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caporaso
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Stancanelli
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borreca
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Stefania Mozzillo
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Stefano Tozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dubbioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Iodice
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Vitale
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shiwen Koay
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Autonomic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ekawat Vichayanrat
- Autonomic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Iodice
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Autonomic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Provitera
- Neurology Department, Skin Biopsy Laboratory, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
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Reddy K, Dieriks BV. Multiple system atrophy: α-Synuclein strains at the neuron-oligodendrocyte crossroad. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:77. [DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aberrant accumulation of α-Synuclein within oligodendrocytes is an enigmatic, pathological feature specific to Multiple system atrophy (MSA). Since the characterization of the disease in 1969, decades of research have focused on unravelling the pathogenic processes that lead to the formation of oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions. The discovery of aggregated α-Synuclein (α-Syn) being the primary constituent of glial cytoplasmic inclusions has spurred several lines of research investigating the relationship between the pathogenic accumulation of the protein and oligodendrocytes. Recent developments have identified the ability of α-Syn to form conformationally distinct “strains” with varying behavioral characteristics and toxicities. Such “strains” are potentially disease-specific, providing insight into the enigmatic nature of MSA. This review discusses the evidence for MSA-specific α-Syn strains, highlighting the current methods for detecting and characterizing MSA patient-derived α-Syn. Given the differing behaviors of α-Syn strains, we explore the seeding and spreading capabilities of MSA-specific strains, postulating their influence on the aggressive nature of the disease. These ideas culminate into one key question: What causes MSA–specific strain formation? To answer this, we discuss the interplay between oligodendrocytes, neurons and α-Syn, exploring the ability of each cell type to contribute to the aggregate formation while postulating the effect of additional variables such as protein interactions, host characteristics and environmental factors. Thus, we propose the idea that MSA strain formation results from the intricate interrelation between neurons and oligodendrocytes, with deficits in each cell type required to initiate α-Syn aggregation and MSA pathogenesis.
Graphical Abstract
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12
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Battis K, Florio JB, Mante M, Lana A, Naumann I, Gauer C, Lambrecht V, Müller SJ, Cobo I, Fixsen B, Kim HY, Masliah E, Glass CK, Schlachetzki JCM, Rissman RA, Winkler J, Hoffmann A. CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion Prolongs Lifespan But Aggravates Distinct Motor Symptoms in a Model of Multiple System Atrophy. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7673-7688. [PMID: 36333098 PMCID: PMC9546481 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0417-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the CNS-resident macrophages and member of the myeloid lineage, microglia fulfill manifold functions important for brain development and homeostasis. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, they have been implicated in degenerative and regenerative processes. The discovery of distinct activation patterns, including increased phagocytosis, indicated a damaging role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a devastating, rapidly progressing atypical parkinsonian disorder. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of microglia in a mouse model of MSA (MBP29-hα-syn) and identified a disease-associated expression profile and upregulation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (Csf1). Thus, we hypothesized that CSF1 receptor-mediated depletion of myeloid cells using PLX5622 modifies the disease progression and neuropathological phenotype in this mouse model. Intriguingly, sex-balanced analysis of myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice revealed a two-faced outcome comprising an improved survival rate accompanied by a delayed onset of neurological symptoms in contrast to severely impaired motor functions. Furthermore, PLX5622 reversed gene expression profiles related to myeloid cell activation but reduced gene expression associated with transsynaptic signaling and signal release. While transcriptional changes were accompanied by a reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, striatal neuritic density was increased upon myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice. Together, our findings provide insight into the complex, two-faced role of myeloid cells in the context of MSA emphasizing the importance to carefully balance the beneficial and adverse effects of CSF1R inhibition in different models of neurodegenerative disorders before its clinical translation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myeloid cells have been implicated as detrimental in the disease pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. However, long-term CSF1R-dependent depletion of these cells in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy demonstrates a two-faced effect involving an improved survival associated with a delayed onset of disease and reduced inflammation which was contrasted by severely impaired motor functions, synaptic signaling, and neuronal circuitries. Thus, this study unraveled a complex role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy, which indicates important functions beyond the previously described disease-associated, destructive phenotype and emphasized the need of further investigation to carefully and individually fine-tune immunologic processes in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Jazmin B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Addison Lana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Isabel Naumann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Carina Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Vera Lambrecht
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Simon Julian Müller
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Bethany Fixsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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Opportunities and challenges of alpha-synuclein as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35869066 PMCID: PMC9307631 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, develops and progresses for 10–15 years before the clinical diagnostic symptoms of the disease are manifested. Furthermore, several aspects of PD pathology overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) linked to alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation, also called synucleinopathies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and validate early diagnostic and prognostic markers that reflect disease pathophysiology, progression, severity, and potential differences in disease mechanisms between PD and other NDDs. The close association between aSyn and the development of pathology in synucleinopathies, along with the identification of aSyn species in biological fluids, has led to increasing interest in aSyn species as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and differentiate it from other synucleinopathies. In this review, we (1) provide an overview of the progress toward mapping the distribution of aSyn species in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids; (2) present comparative and critical analysis of previous studies that measured total aSyn as well as other species such as modified and aggregated forms of aSyn in different biological fluids; and (3) highlight conceptual and technical gaps and challenges that could hinder the development and validation of reliable aSyn biomarkers; and (4) outline a series of recommendations to address these challenges. Finally, we propose a combined biomarker approach based on integrating biochemical, aggregation and structure features of aSyn, in addition to other biomarkers of neurodegeneration. We believe that capturing the diversity of aSyn species is essential to develop robust assays and diagnostics for early detection, patient stratification, monitoring of disease progression, and differentiation between synucleinopathies. This could transform clinical trial design and implementation, accelerate the development of new therapies, and improve clinical decisions and treatment strategies.
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Moors TE, Mona D, Luehe S, Duran-Pacheco G, Spycher L, Mundigl O, Kaluza K, Huber S, Hug MN, Kremer T, Ritter M, Dziadek S, Dernick G, van de Berg WDJ, Britschgi M. Multi-platform quantitation of alpha-synuclein human brain proteoforms suggests disease-specific biochemical profiles of synucleinopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:82. [PMID: 35659116 PMCID: PMC9164351 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on immunostainings and biochemical analyses, certain post-translationally modified alpha-synuclein (aSyn) variants, including C-terminally truncated (CTT) and Serine-129 phosphorylated (pSer129) aSyn, are proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease with (PDD) and without dementia (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, quantitative information about aSyn proteoforms in the human brain in physiological and different pathological conditions is still limited. To address this, we generated sequential biochemical extracts of the substantia nigra, putamen and hippocampus from 28 donors diagnosed and neuropathologically-confirmed with different synucleinopathies (PD/PDD/DLB/MSA), as well as Alzheimer’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and aged normal subjects. The tissue extracts were used to build a reverse phase array including 65 aSyn antibodies for detection. In this multiplex approach, we observed increased immunoreactivity in donors with synucleinopathies compared to controls in detergent-insoluble fractions, mainly for antibodies against CT aSyn and pSer129 aSyn. In addition, despite of the restricted sample size, clustering analysis suggested disease-specific immunoreactivity signatures in patient groups with different synucleinopathies. We aimed to validate and quantify these findings using newly developed immunoassays towards total, 119 and 122 CTT, and pSer129 aSyn. In line with previous studies, we found that synucleinopathies shared an enrichment of post-translationally modified aSyn in detergent-insoluble fractions compared to the other analyzed groups. Our measurements allowed for a quantitative separation of PDD/DLB patients from other synucleinopathies based on higher detergent-insoluble pSer129 aSyn concentrations in the hippocampus. In addition, we found that MSA stood out due to enrichment of CTT and pSer129 aSyn also in the detergent-soluble fraction of the SN and putamen. Together, our results achieved by multiplexed and quantitative immunoassay-based approaches in human brain extracts of a limited sample set point to disease-specific biochemical aSyn proteoform profiles in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.
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Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease after focused ultrasound thalamotomy. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:59. [PMID: 35550514 PMCID: PMC9098516 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) thalamotomy is an emerging treatment for tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). We report the first postmortem neuropathologic study of FUS thalamotomy in a 68-year-old man with tremor-dominant PD, which was performed seven months before he died. Although the peak voxel temperature at the target was <54 °C, his tremor improved on intraoperative and postoperative assessments. Additionally, postoperative MRI demonstrated a thalamic lesion. Lewy body-related pathology consistent with PD was detected. There was also a 5-mm lesion in the ventral lateral thalamus characterized by demyelination and neuropil loss, with many lipid-laden macrophages, but no lymphocytic infiltrates and relatively preserved neurons and axons. Additional pathological assessments after FUS thalamotomy are needed to determine if the observed brain changes are typical of this procedure.
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Alpha-synuclein seeding shows a wide heterogeneity in multiple system atrophy. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:7. [PMID: 35125105 PMCID: PMC8819887 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by variable combinations of parkinsonism, autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal features. Although the distribution of synucleinopathy correlates with the predominant clinical features, the burden of pathology does not fully explain observed differences in clinical presentation and rate of disease progression. We hypothesized that the clinical heterogeneity in MSA is a consequence of variability in the seeding activity of α-synuclein both between different patients and between different brain regions. Methods The reliable detection of α-synuclein seeding activity derived from MSA using cell-free amplification assays remains challenging. Therefore, we conducted a systematic evaluation of 168 different reaction buffers, using an array of pH and salts, seeded with fully characterized brain homogenates from one MSA and one PD patient. We then validated the two conditions that conferred the optimal ability to discriminate between PD- and MSA-derived samples in a larger cohort of 40 neuropathologically confirmed cases, including 15 MSA. Finally, in a subset of brains, we conducted the first multi-region analysis of seeding behaviour in MSA. Results Using our novel buffer conditions, we show that the physicochemical factors that govern the in vitro amplification of α-synuclein can be tailored to generate strain-specific reaction buffers that can be used to reliably study the seeding capacity from MSA-derived α-synuclein. Using this novel approach, we were able to sub-categorize the 15 MSA brains into 3 groups: high, intermediate and low seeders. To further demonstrate heterogeneity in α-synuclein seeding in MSA, we conducted a comprehensive multi-regional evaluation of α-synuclein seeding in 13 different regions from 2 high seeders, 2 intermediate seeders and 2 low seeders. Conclusions We have identified unexpected differences in seed-competent α-synuclein across a cohort of neuropathologically comparable MSA brains. Furthermore, our work has revealed a substantial heterogeneity in seeding activity, driven by the PBS-soluble α-synuclein, between different brain regions of a given individual that goes beyond immunohistochemical observations. Our observations pave the way for future subclassification of MSA, which exceeds conventional clinical and neuropathological phenotyping and considers the structural and biochemical heterogeneity of α-synuclein present. Finally, our methods provide an experimental framework for the development of vitally needed, rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays for MSA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00283-4.
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Koga S, Murakami A, Josephs KA, Dickson DW. Diffuse Lewy body disease presenting as Parkinson's disease with progressive aphasia. Neuropathology 2022; 42:82-89. [PMID: 35029300 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a progressive language disorder often due to an underlying neurodegenerative disease. The most common pathologies associated with PPA include frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-tau, FTLD-associated with transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) (FTLD-TDP), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidence has suggested that Lewy body disease (LBD) can also be associated with PPA. We herein report a 78-year-old Caucasian woman who initially presented with levodopa-responsive parkinsonism at age 67 and later developed cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and progressive aphasia, characterized by reduced spontaneous speech, word-finding difficulty, and difficulties in writing and reading. 18 Fluorodeoxyglucoase (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) performed at the age of 73 years identified hypometabolism in the frontal (right > left), temporal (left > right), and parietal (left > right) lobes. Neuropathological assessment revealed diffuse LBD (DLBD), AD, and TDP-43 stage 6 with prehippocampal sclerosis. Senile plaques were numerous, but only a few neurofibrillary tangles were present in the neocortex. The Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage was IV, and the Thal amyloid phase was 3. Lewy-related pathology was severe in the neocortex, as well as limbic cortices, basal forebrain, amygdala, and brainstem. Compared to 166 DLBD cases with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the Lewy body count of the patient in this report was highest in the inferior parietal cortex, followed by midfrontal and superior temporal cortices. The findings suggest that severe cortical LBD pathology has contributed to her progressive aphasia. Autopsy cases of LBD presenting as PPA have been reported, but patients with PD and autopsy-proven DLBD who later developed progressive aphasia have not been reported. Our findings indicate that PD can be associated with progressive aphasia later in the disease course. Although uncommon, LBD should be considered as a differential diagnosis of progressive aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Aya Murakami
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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18
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Jiang P, Gan M, Yen SH, Dickson DW. Nanoparticles With Affinity for α-Synuclein Sequester α-Synuclein to Form Toxic Aggregates in Neurons With Endolysosomal Impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:738535. [PMID: 34744624 PMCID: PMC8565355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.738535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized pathologically by the aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. A major challenge in PD therapy is poor efficiency of drug delivery to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). For this reason, nanomaterials, with significant advantages in drug delivery, have gained attention. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that nanoparticles can promote αS aggregation in salt solution. Therefore, we tested if nanoparticles could have the same effect in cell models. We found that nanoparticle can induce cells to form αS inclusions as shown in immunocytochemistry, and detergent-resistant αS aggregates as shown in biochemical analysis; and nanoparticles of smaller size can induce more αS inclusions. Moreover, the induction of αS inclusions is in part dependent on endolysosomal impairment and the affinity of αS to nanoparticles. More importantly, we found that the abnormally high level of endogenous lysosomotropic biomolecules (e.g., sphingosine), due to impairing the integrity of endolysosomes could be a determinant factor for the susceptibility of cells to nanoparticle-induced αS aggregation; and deletion of GBA1 gene to increase the level of intracellular sphingosine can render cultured cells more susceptible to the formation of αS inclusions in response to nanoparticle treatment. Ultrastructural examination of nanoparticle-treated cells revealed that the induced inclusions contained αS-immunopositive membranous structures, which were also observed in inclusions seeded by αS fibrils. These results suggest caution in the use of nanoparticles in PD therapy. Moreover, this study further supports the role of endolysosomal impairment in PD pathogenesis and suggests a possible mechanism underlying the formation of membrane-associated αS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhou Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ming Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shu-Hui Yen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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19
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Oliveira LMA, Gasser T, Edwards R, Zweckstetter M, Melki R, Stefanis L, Lashuel HA, Sulzer D, Vekrellis K, Halliday GM, Tomlinson JJ, Schlossmacher M, Jensen PH, Schulze-Hentrich J, Riess O, Hirst WD, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B, Lansbury P, Outeiro TF. Alpha-synuclein research: defining strategic moves in the battle against Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34312398 PMCID: PMC8313662 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the genetic era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research in 1997, α-synuclein was identified as an important player in a complex neurodegenerative disease that affects >10 million people worldwide. PD has been estimated to have an economic impact of $51.9 billion in the US alone. Since the initial association with PD, hundreds of researchers have contributed to elucidating the functions of α-synuclein in normal and pathological states, and these remain critical areas for continued research. With this position paper the authors strive to achieve two goals: first, to succinctly summarize the critical features that define α-synuclein's varied roles, as they are known today; and second, to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and delineate a multipronged strategy for future research with the goal of enabling therapies to stop or slow disease progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M A Oliveira
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Schlossmacher
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine & DANDRITE, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Tiago F Outeiro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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20
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Ferreira N, Gram H, Sorrentino ZA, Gregersen E, Schmidt SI, Reimer L, Betzer C, Perez-Gozalbo C, Beltoja M, Nagaraj M, Wang J, Nowak JS, Dong M, Willén K, Cholak E, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Mendez N, Rabadia P, Shahnawaz M, Soto C, Otzen DE, Akbey Ü, Meyer M, Giasson BI, Romero-Ramos M, Jensen PH. Multiple system atrophy-associated oligodendroglial protein p25α stimulates formation of novel α-synuclein strain with enhanced neurodegenerative potential. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:87-115. [PMID: 33978813 PMCID: PMC8217051 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathology consisting of intracellular aggregates of alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) spread through the nervous system in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. The discovery of structurally distinct α-Syn polymorphs, so-called strains, supports a hypothesis where strain-specific structures are templated into aggregates formed by native α-Syn. These distinct strains are hypothesised to dictate the spreading of pathology in the tissue and the cellular impact of the aggregates, thereby contributing to the variety of clinical phenotypes. Here, we present evidence of a novel α-Syn strain induced by the multiple system atrophy-associated oligodendroglial protein p25α. Using an array of biophysical, biochemical, cellular, and in vivo analyses, we demonstrate that compared to α-Syn alone, a substoichiometric concentration of p25α redirects α-Syn aggregation into a unique α-Syn/p25α strain with a different structure and enhanced in vivo prodegenerative properties. The α-Syn/p25α strain induced larger inclusions in human dopaminergic neurons. In vivo, intramuscular injection of preformed fibrils (PFF) of the α-Syn/p25α strain compared to α-Syn PFF resulted in a shortened life span and a distinct anatomical distribution of inclusion pathology in the brain of a human A53T transgenic (line M83) mouse. Investigation of α-Syn aggregates in brain stem extracts of end-stage mice demonstrated that the more aggressive phenotype of the α-Syn/p25α strain was associated with an increased load of α-Syn aggregates based on a Förster resonance energy transfer immunoassay and a reduced α-Syn aggregate seeding activity based on a protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay. When injected unilaterally into the striata of wild-type mice, the α-Syn/p25α strain resulted in a more-pronounced motoric phenotype than α-Syn PFF and exhibited a "tropism" for nigro-striatal neurons compared to α-Syn PFF. Overall, our data support a hypothesis whereby oligodendroglial p25α is responsible for generating a highly prodegenerative α-Syn strain in multiple system atrophy.
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21
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Brumberg J, Kuzkina A, Lapa C, Mammadova S, Buck A, Volkmann J, Sommer C, Isaias IU, Doppler K. Dermal and cardiac autonomic fiber involvement in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105332. [PMID: 33722614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregates of alpha-synuclein in peripheral dermal nerve fibers can be detected in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. This study combines skin biopsy staining for p-alpha-synuclein depositions and radionuclide imaging of the heart with [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine to explore peripheral denervation in both diseases. To this purpose, 42 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy were enrolled. All patients underwent a standardized clinical work-up including neurological evaluation, neurography, and blood samples. Skin biopsies were obtained from the distal and proximal leg, back, and neck for immunofluorescence double labeling with anti-p-alpha-synuclein and anti-PGP9.5. All patients underwent myocardial [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Dermal p-alpha-synuclein was observed in 47.6% of Parkinson's disease patients and was mainly found in autonomic structures. 81.0% of multiple system atrophy patients had deposits with most of cases in somatosensory fibers. The [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine heart-to-mediastinum ratio was lower in Parkinson's disease than in multiple system atrophy patients (1.94 ± 0.63 vs. 2.91 ± 0.96; p < 0.0001). Irrespective of the diagnosis, uptake was lower in patients with than without p-alpha-synuclein in autonomic structures (1.42 ± 0.51 vs. 2.74 ± 0.83; p < 0.0001). Rare cases of Parkinson's disease with p-alpha-synuclein in somatosensory fibers and multiple system atrophy patients with deposits in autonomic structures or both fiber types presented with clinically overlapping features. In conclusion, this study suggests that alpha-synuclein contributes to peripheral neurodegeneration and mediates the impairment of cardiac sympathetic neurons in patients with synucleinopathies. Furthermore, it indicates that Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy share pathophysiologic mechanisms of peripheral nervous system dysfunction with a clinical overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Oberdϋrrbacher Straβe 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anastasia Kuzkina
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Oberdϋrrbacher Straβe 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraβe 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sona Mammadova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Oberdϋrrbacher Straβe 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and Julius-Maximilian-University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straβe 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Frey KA, Bohnen NILJ. Molecular Imaging of Neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. PET Clin 2021; 16:261-272. [PMID: 33589385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular PET imaging of neurodegenerative parkinsonism are reviewed with focus on neuropharmacologic radiotracers depicting terminals of selectively vulnerable neurons in these conditions. Degeneration and losses of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine imaging markers thus far do not differentiate among the parkinsonian conditions. Recent studies performed with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET are limited by the need for automated image analysis tools and by lack of routine coverage for this imaging indication in the United States. Ongoing research engages use of novel molecular modeling and in silico methods for design of imaging ligands targeting these specific proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Frey
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Room B1-G505 UH, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5028, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Room B1-G505 UH, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5028, USA.
| | - Nicolaas I L J Bohnen
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging), University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Box 362, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Box 362, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Shim KH, Kim SC, Youn YC, Sung YH, An SSA. Decreased plasma α-synuclein in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients after adjusting hemolysis factor. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Nardone R, Höller Y, Brigo F, Versace V, Sebastianelli L, Florea C, Schwenker K, Golaszewski S, Saltuari L, Trinka E. Spinal cord involvement in Lewy body-related α-synucleinopathies. J Spinal Cord Med 2020; 43:832-845. [PMID: 30620687 PMCID: PMC7808259 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1557863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Lewy body (LB)-related α-synucleinopathy (LBAS) is the neuropathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD), but it is also found in neurologically asymptomatic subjects. An abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein has been reported also in the spinal cord, but extent and significance of the spinal cord involvement are still poorly defined. Objective: We aimed to review the studies addressing the spinal cord involvement of LBAS in healthy subjects and in patients with PD or other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed using following terms: "spinal cord", " α-synucleinopathy", "α-synuclein", "Lewy body", "Parkinson's disease", "multiple system atrophy", "neurodegenerative disorder". Results: LBAS in the spinal cord is associated with that of the medullary reticular formation and locus ceruleus in the brainstem but not with that in the olfactory bulb and amygdala. The intermediolateral columns of the thoracic and sacral cord are the most frequently and severely affected region of the spinal cord. LBAS occurs in centrally projecting spinal cord neurons integrating pain, in particular from lower body periphery. It also involves the sacral parasympathetic nucleus innervating the smooth muscles of the bladder and distal colon and the Onuf's nucleus innervating the striated sphincters. The spinal cord lesions may thus play a crucial role in the genesis of frequent non-motor symptoms such as pain, urinary symptoms, bowel dysfunction, autonomic failure including orthostatic hypotension and sexual disturbances. Moreover, these may also contribute to the motor symptoms, since α-synuclein inclusions have been observed in the pyramidal tracts of patients with PD and multiple system atrophy. Conclusion: Recognition of this peculiar spinal cord pathology may help in the management of the related symptoms in subjects affected by α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria,Correspondence to: Dr. Raffaele Nardone, Department of Neurology, “F. Tappeiner” Hospital, Merano, Via Rossini, Merano, BZ 5 39012, Italy; Ph: 0473/264616, 0473/264449. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/yscm
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cristina Florea
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy,Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria,Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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25
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Defining the Protein Seeds of Neurodegeneration using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assays. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091233. [PMID: 32854212 PMCID: PMC7564261 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of disease-related misfolded proteins. It is now widely understood that the characteristic self-amplifying (i.e., seeding) capacity once only attributed to the prions of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases is a feature of other misfolded proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, including tau, Aβ, and αSynuclein (αSyn). Ultrasensitive diagnostic assays, known as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays, exploit these seeding capabilities in order to exponentially amplify protein seeds from various biospecimens. To date, RT-QuIC assays have been developed for the detection of protein seeds related to known prion diseases of mammals, the αSyn aggregates of Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, and the tau aggregates of Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy. Application of these assays to premortem human biospecimens shows promise for diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and is an area of active investigation. RT-QuIC assays are also powerful experimental tools that can be used to dissect seeding networks within and between tissues and to evaluate how protein seed distribution and quantity correlate to disease-related outcomes in a host. As well, RT-QuIC application may help characterize molecular pathways influencing protein seed accumulation, transmission, and clearance. In this review we discuss the application of RT-QuIC assays as diagnostic, experimental, and structural tools for detection and discrimination of PrP prions, tau, and αSyn protein seeds.
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26
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Sorrentino ZA, Giasson BI. The emerging role of α-synuclein truncation in aggregation and disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10224-10244. [PMID: 32424039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αsyn) is an abundant brain neuronal protein that can misfold and polymerize to form toxic fibrils coalescing into pathologic inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy. These fibrils may induce further αsyn misfolding and propagation of pathologic fibrils in a prion-like process. It is unclear why αsyn initially misfolds, but a growing body of literature suggests a critical role of partial proteolytic processing resulting in various truncations of the highly charged and flexible carboxyl-terminal region. This review aims to 1) summarize recent evidence that disease-specific proteolytic truncations of αsyn occur in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy and animal disease models; 2) provide mechanistic insights on how truncation of the amino and carboxyl regions of αsyn may modulate the propensity of αsyn to pathologically misfold; 3) compare experiments evaluating the prion-like properties of truncated forms of αsyn in various models with implications for disease progression; 4) assess uniquely toxic properties imparted to αsyn upon truncation; and 5) discuss pathways through which truncated αsyn forms and therapies targeted to interrupt them. Cumulatively, it is evident that truncation of αsyn, particularly carboxyl truncation that can be augmented by dysfunctional proteostasis, dramatically potentiates the propensity of αsyn to pathologically misfold into uniquely toxic fibrils with modulated prion-like seeding activity. Therapeutic strategies and experimental paradigms should operate under the assumption that truncation of αsyn is likely occurring in both initial and progressive disease stages, and preventing truncation may be an effective preventative strategy against pathologic inclusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Koga S, Li F, Zhao N, Roemer SF, Ferman TJ, Wernick AI, Walton RL, Faroqi AH, Graff-Radford NR, Cheshire WP, Ross OA, Dickson DW. Clinicopathologic and genetic features of multiple system atrophy with Lewy body disease. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:766-778. [PMID: 32232888 PMCID: PMC7383746 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal aggregates of α‐synuclein are pathologic hallmarks of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disease (LBD). LBD sometimes coexists with MSA, but the impact of co‐pathology, particularly diffuse LBD, on presentation of MSA has not been studied. We aimed to determine the frequency and clinicopathologic features of MSA with LBD (MSA+LBD). Methods: Using hematoxylin & eosin and α‐synuclein‐immunostained slides, we assessed the distribution and severity of LBD in 230 autopsy‐confirmed MSA patients collected from 1998 to 2018. Alzheimer‐type pathology was assessed to assign the likelihood of clinical presentations of dementia with Lewy body (DLB) using the consensus criteria for DLB. We reviewed medical records to characterize clinicopathologic features of MSA+LBD. Genetic risk factors for LBD, including APOE ε4 allele and mutations in GBA, SNCA, LRRK2, and VPS35, were analyzed. Results: LBD was observed in 11 MSA patients (5%); seven were brainstem type, three were transitional type, and one was diffuse type. The latter four had an intermediate or high likelihood of DLB. Three of the four had an antemortem diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) or clinically probable DLB. Two patients had neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, but not in striatal or olivocerebellar systems with widespread glial cytoplasmic inclusions, consistent with minimal change MSA. In these cases, LBD was considered the primary pathology, and MSA was considered coincidental. APOE ε4 allele frequency was not different between MSA+LBD and MSA without LBD. Two of nine MSA+LBD patients had a risk variant of GBA (p.T408M and p.E365K). Conclusions: Although rare, MSA with transitional or diffuse LBD can develop clinical features of PDD or DLB. Minimal change MSA can be interpreted as a coincidental, but distinct, α‐synucleinopathy in a subset of patients with diffuse LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Shanu F Roemer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Anna I Wernick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ayman H Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.,Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Brettschneider J, Suh E, Robinson JL, Fang L, Lee EB, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Converging Patterns of α-Synuclein Pathology in Multiple System Atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:1005-1016. [PMID: 30203094 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine patterns of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in multiple system atrophy (MSA) using 70-µm-thick sections of 20 regions of the central nervous system of 37 cases with striato-nigral degeneration (SND) and 10 cases with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA). In SND cases with the shortest disease duration (phase 1), α-syn pathology was observed in striatum, lentiform nucleus, substantia nigra, brainstem white matter tracts, cerebellar subcortical white matter as well as motor cortex, midfrontal cortex, and sensory cortex. SND with increasing duration of disease (phase 2) was characterized by involvement of spinal cord and thalamus, while phase 3 was characterized by involvement of hippocampus and amygdala. Cases with the longest disease duration (phase 4) showed involvement of the visual cortex. We observed an increasing overlap of α-syn pathology with increasing duration of disease between SND and OPCA, and noted increasingly similar regional distribution patterns of α-syn pathology. The GBA variant, p.Thr408Met, was found to have an allele frequency of 6.94% in SND cases which was significantly higher compared with normal (0%) and other neurodegenerative disease pathologies (0.74%), suggesting that it is associated with MSA. Our findings indicate that SND and OPCA show distinct early foci of α-syn aggregations, but increasingly converge with longer disease duration to show overlapping patterns of α-syn pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brettschneider
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lubin Fang
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Murray Grossman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Coon EA, Singer W, Low PA. Pure Autonomic Failure. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:2087-2098. [PMID: 31515103 PMCID: PMC6826339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the autonomic nervous system clinically characterized by orthostatic hypotension. The disorder has also been known as Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome, named for the authors of the 1925 seminal description. Patients typically present in midlife or later with orthostatic hypotension or syncope. Autonomic failure may also manifest as genitourinary, bowel, and thermoregulatory dysfunction. With widespread involvement, patients may present to a variety of different specialties and require multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Pathologically, PAF is characterized by predominantly peripheral deposition of α-synuclein. However, patients with PAF may progress into other synucleinopathies with central nervous system involvement.
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Endogenous oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein and TPPP/p25α orchestrate alpha-synuclein pathology in experimental multiple system atrophy models. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:415-441. [PMID: 31011860 PMCID: PMC7289399 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by the presence of distinctive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) within oligodendrocytes that contain the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and the oligodendroglia-specific phosphoprotein TPPP/p25α. However, the role of oligodendroglial aSyn and p25α in the formation of aSyn-rich GCIs remains unclear. To address this conundrum, we have applied human aSyn (haSyn) pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) to rat wild-type (WT)-, haSyn-, or p25α-overexpressing oligodendroglial cells and to primary differentiated oligodendrocytes derived from WT, knockout (KO)-aSyn, and PLP-haSyn-transgenic mice. HaSyn PFFs are readily taken up by oligodendroglial cells and can recruit minute amounts of endogenous aSyn into the formation of insoluble, highly aggregated, pathological assemblies. The overexpression of haSyn or p25α accelerates the recruitment of endogenous protein and the generation of such aberrant species. In haSyn PFF-treated primary oligodendrocytes, the microtubule and myelin networks are disrupted, thus recapitulating a pathological hallmark of MSA, in a manner totally dependent upon the seeding of endogenous aSyn. Furthermore, using oligodendroglial and primary cortical cultures, we demonstrated that pathology-related S129 aSyn phosphorylation depends on aSyn and p25α protein load and may involve different aSyn “strains” present in oligodendroglial and neuronal synucleinopathies. Importantly, this hypothesis was further supported by data obtained from human post-mortem brain material derived from patients with MSA and dementia with Lewy bodies. Finally, delivery of haSyn PFFs into the mouse brain led to the formation of aberrant aSyn forms, including the endogenous protein, within oligodendroglia and evoked myelin decompaction in WT mice, but not in KO-aSyn mice. This line of research highlights the role of endogenous aSyn and p25α in the formation of pathological aSyn assemblies in oligodendrocytes and provides in vivo evidence of the contribution of oligodendroglial aSyn in the establishment of aSyn pathology in MSA.
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Singer W, Dietz AB, Zeller AD, Gehrking TL, Schmelzer JD, Schmeichel AM, Gehrking JA, Suarez MD, Sletten DM, Minota Pacheco KV, Coon EA, Sandroni P, Benarroch EE, Fealey RD, Matsumoto JY, Bower JH, Hassan A, McKeon A, Windebank AJ, Mandrekar JN, Low PA. Intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2019; 93:e77-e87. [PMID: 31152011 PMCID: PMC6659003 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This phase I/II study sought to explore intrathecal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as therapeutic approach to multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS Utilizing a dose-escalation design, we delivered between 10 and 200 million adipose-derived autologous MSCs intrathecally to patients with early MSA. Patients were closely followed with clinical, laboratory, and imaging surveillance. Primary endpoints were frequency and type of adverse events; key secondary endpoint was the rate of disease progression assessed by the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS). RESULTS Twenty-four patients received treatment. There were no attributable serious adverse events, and injections were generally well-tolerated. At the highest dose tier, 3 of 4 patients developed low back/posterior leg pain, associated with thickening/enhancement of lumbar nerve roots. Although there were no associated neurologic deficits, we decided that dose-limiting toxicity was reached. A total of 6 of 12 patients in the medium dose tier developed similar, but milder and transient discomfort. Rate of progression (UMSARS total) was markedly lower compared to a matched historical control group (0.40 ± 0.59 vs 1.44 ± 1.42 points/month, p = 0.004) with an apparent dose-dependent effect. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal MSC administration in MSA is safe and well-tolerated but can be associated with a painful implantation response at high doses. Compelling dose-dependent efficacy signals are the basis for a planned placebo-controlled trial. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This phase I/II study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with early MSA, intrathecal MSC administration is safe, may result in a painful implantation response at high doses, and is associated with dose-dependent efficacy signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Singer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Allan B Dietz
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anita D Zeller
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tonette L Gehrking
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James D Schmelzer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ann M Schmeichel
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jade A Gehrking
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mariana D Suarez
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David M Sletten
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karla V Minota Pacheco
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth A Coon
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paola Sandroni
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eduardo E Benarroch
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert D Fealey
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph Y Matsumoto
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James H Bower
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anhar Hassan
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew McKeon
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anthony J Windebank
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jay N Mandrekar
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Phillip A Low
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S., A.D.Z., T.L.G., J.D.S., A.M.S., J.A.G., M.D.S., D.M.S., K.V.M.P., E.A.C., P.S., E.E.B., R.D.F., J.Y.M., J.H.B., A.H., A.M., A.J.W., P.A.L.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.D.), and Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (J.N.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Vaikath NN, Hmila I, Gupta V, Erskine D, Ingelsson M, El-Agnaf OMA. Antibodies against alpha-synuclein: tools and therapies. J Neurochem 2019; 150:612-625. [PMID: 31055836 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in the central and peripheral nervous system as Lewy bodies or glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Several antibodies against α-syn have been developed since it was first detected as the major component of Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Over the years, researchers have generated specific antibodies that alleviate the accumulation of intracellular aggregated α-syn and associated pathology in cellular and preclinical models of synucleinopathies. So far, antibodies have been the first choice as tools for research and diagnosis and currently, a wide variety of antibody fragments have been developed as an alternative to full-length antibodies for increasing its therapeutic usefulness. Recently, conformation specific antibody-based approaches have been found to be promising as therapeutic strategies, both to block α-syn aggregation and ameliorate the resultant cytotoxicity, and as diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize different α-syn specific antibodies and provide their usefulness in tackling synucleinopathies. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Yeo S, Lim S. Acupuncture Inhibits the Increase in Alpha-Synuclein by Modulating SGK1 in an MPTP Induced Parkinsonism Mouse Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:527-539. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). It is characterized by the formation of intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies that are primarily composed of the protein alpha-synuclein ([Formula: see text]-syn) along with dystrophic neurites. Acupuncture stimulation results in an enhanced survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN in parkinsonism animal models. We investigated the role of acupuncture in inhibiting the increase in [Formula: see text]-syn expression that is related with dopaminergic cell loss in the SN in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) parkinsonism mouse model. In this model, acupuncture stimulation at GB34 and LR3 attenuated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase. Moreover, acupuncture stimulation attenuated the increase in [Formula: see text]-syn. We identified that serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) is evidently downregulated in chronic MPTP-intoxication and acupuncture stimulation maintained SGK1 expression at levels similar to the control group. For an examination of the expression correlation between SGK1 and [Formula: see text]-syn, SH-SY5Y cells were knocked down with SGK1 siRNA then, the downregulation of dopaminergic cells and the increase in the expression of [Formula: see text]-syn were observed. Our findings indicate that the acupuncture-mediated inhibition in the [Formula: see text]-syn increase induced by MPTP may be responsible for modulating SGK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Yeo
- College of Korean Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabina Lim
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, and WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Staff NP, Jones DT, Singer W. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:892-905. [PMID: 31054608 PMCID: PMC6643282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells that are being used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Over the past decade, there has been considerable excitement about using MSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, which are diseases that are typically fatal and without other robust therapies. In this review, we discuss the proposed MSC mechanisms of action in neurodegenerative diseases, which include growth factor secretion, exosome secretion, and attenuation of neuroinflammation. We then provide a summary of preclinical and early clinical work on MSC therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Continued rigorous and controlled studies of MSC therapies will be critical in order to establish efficacy and protect patients from possible untoward effects.
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35
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Overk C, Masliah E. Dale Schenk One Year Anniversary: Fighting to Preserve the Memories. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1-13. [PMID: 29439357 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been a year since we lost Dale Schenk on September 30, 2016. Dale's visionary work resulted in the remarkable discovery in 1999 that an experimental amyloid-β (Aβ) vaccine reduced the neurodegeneration in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Following Dale's seminal work, several active and passive immunotherapies have since been developed and tested in the clinic for AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here we provide a brief overview of the current state of development of immunotherapy for AD, PD, and other neurodegenerative disorders in the context of this anniversary. The next steps in the development of immunotherapies will require combinatorial approaches mixing antibodies against various targets (e.g., Aβ, α-syn, Tau, and TDP43) with small molecules that block toxicity, aggregation, inflammation, and promote cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Neurosciences and Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wide distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers in multiple system atrophy brain detected by proximity ligation. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:455-466. [PMID: 30721406 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by varying degrees of cerebellar dysfunction and Parkinsonism. The neuropathological hallmark of MSA is alpha-synuclein (AS)-positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Although severe neuronal loss (NL) is also observed in MSA, neuronal inclusions (NIs) are rare compared to GCIs, such that the pathological mechanism of NL in MSA is unclear. GCIs and NIs are late-stage pathology features relative to AS oligomers and may not represent early pathological changes in MSA. To reveal the early pathology of MSA, it is necessary to examine the early aggregation of AS, i.e., AS oligomers. Here, we adopted a proximity ligation assay (PLA) to examine the distribution of AS oligomers in brain tissue samples from patients with MSA and other diseases. Surprisingly, MSA brains showed a widespread distribution and abundant accumulation of oligomeric AS in neurons as well as oligodendrocytes of the neocortex. In several regions, oligomeric AS signal intensity was higher in cases with MSA than in cases with Parkinson's disease. In contrast to previous studies, AS-PLA revealed abundant AS oligomer accumulation in Purkinje cells in MSA brains, identifying oligomeric AS accumulation as a possible cause of Purkinje cell loss. This wide distribution of AS oligomers in MSA brain neurons has not been described previously and indicates a pathological mechanism of NL in MSA.
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Hoffmann A, Ettle B, Battis K, Reiprich S, Schlachetzki JCM, Masliah E, Wegner M, Kuhlmann T, Riemenschneider MJ, Winkler J. Oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy-driven neuroinflammation in multiple system atrophy. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:380-396. [PMID: 30444295 PMCID: PMC6850330 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic α‐synuclein (α‐syn) inclusions (GCIs) are important neuropathological characteristics of multiple system atrophy (MSA). GCIs are known to interfere with oligodendroglial maturation and consequently result in myelin loss. The neuroinflammatory phenotype in the context of MSA, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate MSA‐associated neuroinflammation being restricted to myeloid cells and tightly linked to oligodendroglial α‐syncleinopathy. In human putaminal post‐mortem tissue of MSA patients, neuroinflammation was observed in white matter regions only. This locally restricted neuroinflammation coincided with elevated numbers of α‐syn inclusions, while gray matter with less α‐synucleinopathy remained unaffected. In order to analyze the temporal pattern of neuroinflammation, a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human α‐syn under the control of an oligodendrocyte‐specific myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter (MBP29‐hα‐syn mice) was assessed in a pre‐symptomatic and symptomatic disease stage. Strikingly, we detected an increased neuroinflammation in regions with a high α‐syn load, the corpus callosum and the striatum, of MBP29‐hα‐syn mice, already at a pre‐symptomatic stage. Furthermore, this inflammatory response was restricted to myeloid cells being highly proliferative and showing an activated, phagocytic phenotype. In contrast, severe astrogliosis was observed only in gray matter regions of MSA patients as well as MBP29‐hα‐syn mice. To further characterize the influence of oligodendrocytes on initiation of the myeloid immune response, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of α‐syn overexpressing primary oligodendrocytes. A distinct gene expression profile including upregulation of cytokines important for myeloid cell attraction and proliferation was detected in α‐syn overexpressing oligodendrocytes. Additionally, microdissected tissue of MBP29‐hα‐syn mice exhibited a similar cellular gene expression profile in white matter regions even pre‐symptomatically. Collectively, these results imply an early crosstalk between neuroinflammation and oligodendrocytes containing α‐syn inclusions leading to an immune response locally restricted to white matter regions in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ettle
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Reiprich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Book A, Guella I, Candido T, Brice A, Hattori N, Jeon B, Farrer MJ. A Meta-Analysis of α-Synuclein Multiplication in Familial Parkinsonism. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1021. [PMID: 30619023 PMCID: PMC6297377 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alpha-synuclein (SNCA) overexpression is a relatively homogenous and well-defined cause of parkinsonism and dementia. Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy all manifest in SNCA multiplication families. Herein we summarize genealogic, clinical and genetic data from 59 families (25 not previously published) with parkinsonism caused by SNCA multiplications. Longitudinal clinical assessments and genealogic relationships were documented for all family members. All probands were genotyped with an Illumina MEGA high-density genotyping array to identify copy number variants (CNV) and enable SNCA multiplication breakpoints to be defined. Three SNCA short tandem repeat (STR) markers were genotyped in all available samples to validate genomic dosage and inheritance. A web-application was built as a forum for future data sharing. CNV analysis identified 49 subjects with heterozygous SNCA duplication (CNV3), 2 with homozygous duplication (CNV4) and 7 with a triplication mutation (CNV4). Clinical presentations varied greatly throughout the cohort. SNCA dosage correlates with disease onset (mean age of onset CNV3: 46.9 ± 10.5 years vs. 34.5 ± 7.4 CNV4, p = 0.003). Atypical or more severe clinical courses were described in several patients and dementia was noted in 50.9% of the probands. Neither the multiplication size (average 2.05 ± 2.45 Mb) nor the number of genes included (range 1-50) was associated with motor symptom onset or dementia. Families with SNCA multiplication are rare and globally-distributed. Nevertheless, they may both inform and benefit from the development of SNCA targeted therapeutic strategies relevant to the treatment of all alpha-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Book
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tara Candido
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris, UM 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM) and Département de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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39
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Brettschneider J, Suh E, Robinson JL, Fang L, Lee EB, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Converging Patterns of α-Synuclein Pathology in Multiple System Atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77. [PMID: 30203094 PMCID: PMC6181179 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly080#supplementary-data] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine patterns of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in multiple system atrophy (MSA) using 70-µm-thick sections of 20 regions of the central nervous system of 37 cases with striato-nigral degeneration (SND) and 10 cases with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA). In SND cases with the shortest disease duration (phase 1), α-syn pathology was observed in striatum, lentiform nucleus, substantia nigra, brainstem white matter tracts, cerebellar subcortical white matter as well as motor cortex, midfrontal cortex, and sensory cortex. SND with increasing duration of disease (phase 2) was characterized by involvement of spinal cord and thalamus, while phase 3 was characterized by involvement of hippocampus and amygdala. Cases with the longest disease duration (phase 4) showed involvement of the visual cortex. We observed an increasing overlap of α-syn pathology with increasing duration of disease between SND and OPCA, and noted increasingly similar regional distribution patterns of α-syn pathology. The GBA variant, p.Thr408Met, was found to have an allele frequency of 6.94% in SND cases which was significantly higher compared with normal (0%) and other neurodegenerative disease pathologies (0.74%), suggesting that it is associated with MSA. Our findings indicate that SND and OPCA show distinct early foci of α-syn aggregations, but increasingly converge with longer disease duration to show overlapping patterns of α-syn pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brettschneider
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lubin Fang
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Murray Grossman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M -Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Send correspondence to: John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, CNDR, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3rd Floor Maloney Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; E-mail:
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40
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Ferrer I. Oligodendrogliopathy in neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates: The forgotten partner. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:24-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Jinsmaa Y, Sharabi Y, Sullivan P, Isonaka R, Goldstein DS. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-Induced Protein Modifications and Their Mitigation by N-Acetylcysteine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:113-124. [PMID: 29700232 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholaldehyde hypothesis posits that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), an obligate intermediary metabolite of dopamine, is an autotoxin that challenges neuronal homeostasis in catecholaminergic neurons. DOPAL toxicity may involve protein modifications, such as oligomerization of α-synuclein (AS). Potential interactions between DOPAL and other proteins related to catecholaminergic neurodegeneration, however, have not been systemically explored. This study examined DOPAL-induced protein-quinone adduct formation ("quinonization") and protein oligomerization, ubiquitination, and aggregation in cultured MO3.13 human oligodendrocytes and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells and in test tube experiments. Using near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopy, we detected spontaneous DOPAL oxidation to DOPAL-quinone, DOPAL-induced quinonization of intracellular proteins in both cell lines, and DOPAL-induced quinonization of several proteins related to catecholaminergic neurodegeneration, including AS, the type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter, glucocerebrosidase, ubiquitin, and l-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase (LAAAD). DOPAL also oligomerized AS, ubiquitin, and LAAAD; inactivated LAAAD (IC50 54 μM); evoked substantial intracellular protein ubiquitination; and aggregated intracellular AS. Remarkably, N-acetylcysteine, which decreases DOPAL-quinone formation, attenuated or prevented all of these protein modifications and functional changes. The results fit with the proposal that treatments based on decreasing the formation and oxidation of DOPAL may slow or prevent catecholaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunden Jinsmaa
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
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42
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Ogaki K, Martens YA, Heckman MG, Koga S, Labbé C, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Wernick AI, Walton RL, Soto AI, Vargas ER, Nielsen HM, Fujioka S, Kanekiyo T, Uitti RJ, van Gerpen JA, Cheshire WP, Wszolek ZK, Low PA, Singer W, Dickson DW, Bu G, Ross OA. Multiple system atrophy and apolipoprotein E. Mov Disord 2018; 33:647-650. [PMID: 29442376 PMCID: PMC5889322 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the specialized lipid metabolism involved in myelin synthesis and maintenance by oligodendrocytes has been associated with the unique neuropathology of MSA. We hypothesized that apolipoprotein E, which is associated with neurodegeneration, may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MSA. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated genetic associations of Apolipoprotein E alleles with risk of MSA and α-synuclein pathology, and also examined whether apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect α-synuclein uptake in a oligodendrocyte cell. METHODS One hundred sixty-eight pathologically confirmed MSA patients, 89 clinically diagnosed MSA patients, and 1,277 control subjects were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E. Human oligodendrocyte cell lines were incubated with α-synuclein and recombinant human apolipoprotein E, with internalized α-synuclein imaged by confocal microscopy and cells analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS No significant association with risk of MSA or was observed for either Apolipoprotein E ɛ2 or ɛ4. α-Synuclein burden was also not associated with Apolipoprotein E alleles in the pathologically confirmed patients. Interestingly, in our cell assays, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 significantly reduced α-synuclein uptake in the oligodendrocytic cell line. CONCLUSIONS Despite differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on α-synuclein uptake in a human oligodendrocytic cell, we did not observe a significant association at the Apolipoprotein E locus with risk of MSA or α-synuclein pathology. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuka A. Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G. Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anna I. Wernick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald L. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Emily R. Vargas
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Henrietta M. Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Phillip A. Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wolfgang Singer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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43
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Decreased expression of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) promotes alpha-synuclein increase related with down-regulation of dopaminergic cell in the Substantia Nigra of chronic MPTP-induced Parkinsonism mice and in SH-SY5Y cells. Gene 2018; 661:189-195. [PMID: 29604467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronically progressive neurodegenerative disease, with its main pathological hallmarks being a dramatic loss of dopaminergic neurons predominantly in the Substantia Nigra (SN), and the formations of intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies and dystrophic neurites. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), widely recognized as the most prominent element of the Lewy body, is one of the representative hallmarks in PD. However, the mechanisms behind the increased α-syn expression and aggregation have not yet been clarified. To examine what causes α-syn expression to increase, we analyzed the pattern of gene expression in the SN of mice intoxicated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), where down-regulation of dopaminergic cells occurred. We identified serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) as one of the genes that is evidently downregulated in chronic MPTP-intoxication. The results of Western blot analyses showed that, together with the down-regulation of dopaminergic cells, the decrease in SGK1 expression increased α-syn expression in the SN in a chronic MPTP-induced Parkinsonism mouse. For an examination of the expression correlation between SGK1 and α-syn, SH-5YSY cells were knocked down with SGK1 siRNA then, the downregulation of dopaminergic cells and the increase in the expression of α-syn were observed. These results suggest that decreased expression of SGK1 may play a critical role in increasing the expression of α-syn, which is related with dopaminergic cell death in the SN of chronic MPTP-induced Parkinsonism mice and in SH-SY5Y cells.
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44
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Betzer C, Lassen LB, Olsen A, Kofoed RH, Reimer L, Gregersen E, Zheng J, Calì T, Gai WP, Chen T, Moeller A, Brini M, Fu Y, Halliday G, Brudek T, Aznar S, Pakkenberg B, Andersen JP, Jensen PH. Alpha-synuclein aggregates activate calcium pump SERCA leading to calcium dysregulation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744617. [PMID: 29599149 PMCID: PMC5934765 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α‐synuclein is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. We here investigate the relationship between cytosolic Ca2+ and α‐synuclein aggregation. Analyses of cell lines and primary culture models of α‐synuclein cytopathology reveal an early phase with reduced cytosolic Ca2+ levels followed by a later Ca2+ increase. Aggregated but not monomeric α‐synuclein binds to and activates SERCA in vitro, and proximity ligation assays confirm this interaction in cells. The SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) normalises both the initial reduction and the later increase in cytosolic Ca2+. CPA protects the cells against α‐synuclein‐aggregate stress and improves viability in cell models and in Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. Proximity ligation assays also reveal an increased interaction between α‐synuclein aggregates and SERCA in human brains affected by dementia with Lewy bodies. We conclude that α‐synuclein aggregates bind SERCA and stimulate its activity. Reducing SERCA activity is neuroprotective, indicating that SERCA and down‐stream processes may be therapeutic targets for treating α‐synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Betzer
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Louise Berkhoudt Lassen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lasse Reimer
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Gregersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jin Zheng
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wei-Ping Gai
- Neuropathological Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Arne Moeller
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Structural Biology, Max Plank Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yuhong Fu
- Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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45
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Koga S, Dickson DW. Recent advances in neuropathology, biomarkers and therapeutic approach of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:175-184. [PMID: 28860330 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a variable combination of autonomic failure, levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal symptoms. The pathological hallmark is the oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) consisting of α-synuclein; therefore, MSA is included in the category of α-synucleinopathies. MSA has been divided into two clinicopathological subtypes: MSA with predominant parkinsonism and MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia, which generally correlate with striatonigral degeneration and olivopontocerebellar atrophy, respectively. It is increasingly recognised, however, that clinical and pathological features of MSA are broader than previously considered.In this review, we aim to describe recent advances in neuropathology of MSA from a review of the literature and from information derived from review of nearly 200 definite MSA cases in the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. In light of these new neuropathological findings, GCIs and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions play an important role in clinicopathological correlates of MSA. We also focus on clinical diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnosis of MSA as well as candidate biomarkers. We also review some controversial topics in MSA. Cognitive impairment, which has been a non-supporting feature of MSA, is considered from both clinical and pathological perspectives. The cellular origin of α-synuclein in GCI and a 'prion hypothesis' are discussed. Finally, completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting disease modification, including immunotherapy, are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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46
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Rockenstein E, Ostroff G, Dikengil F, Rus F, Mante M, Florio J, Adame A, Trinh I, Kim C, Overk C, Masliah E, Rissman RA. Combined Active Humoral and Cellular Immunization Approaches for the Treatment of Synucleinopathies. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1000-1014. [PMID: 29246926 PMCID: PMC5783958 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1170-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple System Atrophy are age-related neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and jointly termed synucleinopathies. Currently, no disease-modifying treatments are available for these disorders. Previous preclinical studies demonstrate that active and passive immunizations targeting α-syn partially ameliorate behavioral deficits and α-syn accumulation; however, it is unknown whether combining humoral and cellular immunization might act synergistically to reduce inflammation and improve microglial-mediated α-syn clearance. Since combined delivery of antigen plus rapamycin (RAP) in nanoparticles is known to induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs), we adapted this approach to α-syn using the antigen-presenting cell-targeting glucan microparticle (GP) vaccine delivery system. PDGF-α-syn transgenic (tg) male and female mice were immunized with GP-alone, GP-α-syn (active humoral immunization), GP+RAP, or GP+RAP/α-syn (combined active humoral and Treg) and analyzed using neuropathological and biochemical markers. Active immunization resulted in higher serological total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a anti-α-syn levels. Compared with mice immunized with GP-alone or GP-α-syn, mice vaccinated with GP+RAP or GP+RAP/α-syn displayed increased numbers of CD25-, FoxP3-, and CD4-positive cells in the CNS. GP-α-syn or GP+RAP/α-syn immunizations resulted in a 30-45% reduction in α-syn accumulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Mice immunized with GP+RAP/α-syn further rescued neurons and reduced neuroinflammation. Levels of TGF-β1 were increased with GP+RAP/α-syn immunization, while levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced. We conclude that the observed effects of GP+RAP/α-syn immunization support the hypothesis that cellular immunization may enhance the effects of active immunotherapy for the treatment of synucleinopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that a novel vaccination modality combining an antigen-presenting cell-targeting glucan particle (GP) vaccine delivery system with encapsulated antigen (α-synuclein) + rapamycin (RAP) induced both strong anti-α-synuclein antibody titers and regulatory T cells (Tregs). This vaccine, collectively termed GP+RAP/α-syn, is capable of triggering neuroprotective Treg responses in synucleinopathy models, and the combined vaccine is more effective than the humoral or cellular immunization alone. Together, these results support the further development of this multifunctional vaccine approach for the treatment of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple systems atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Gary Ostroff
- University of Mass Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Fusun Dikengil
- University of Mass Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Florentina Rus
- University of Mass Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Ivy Trinh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624,
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92161
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47
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Overk C, Rockenstein E, Valera E, Stefanova N, Wenning G, Masliah E. Multiple system atrophy: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:33-47. [PMID: 29058121 PMCID: PMC6156777 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressing fatal synucleinopathy of the aging population characterized by parkinsonism, dysautonomia, and in some cases ataxia. Unlike other synucleinopathies, in this disorder the synaptic protein, α-synuclein (α-syn), predominantly accumulates in oligodendroglial cells (and to some extent in neurons), leading to maturation defects of oligodendrocytes, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms through which α-syn deposits occur in oligodendrocytes and neurons in MSA are not completely clear. While some studies suggest that α-syn might transfer from neurons to glial cells, others propose that α-syn might be aberrantly overexpressed by oligodendroglial cells. A number of in vivo models have been developed, including transgenic mice overexpressing α-syn under oligodendroglial promoters (e.g.: MBP, PLP, and CNP). Other models have been recently developed either by injecting synthetic α-syn fibrils or brain homogenates from patients with MSA into wild-type mice or by using viral vectors expressing α-syn under the MBP promoter in rats and non-human primates. Each of these models reproduces some of the neuropathological and functional aspects of MSA; however, none of them fully replicate the spectrum of MSA. Understanding better the mechanisms of how α-syn accumulates in oligodendrocytes and neurons will help in developing better models that recapitulate various pathogenic aspects of MSA in combination with translatable biomarkers of early stages of the disease that are necessary to devise disease-modifying therapeutics for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Elvira Valera
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Wenning
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0624, USA.
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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48
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Iqbal S, Anantha Krishnan D, Gunasekaran K. Identification of potential PKC inhibitors through pharmacophore designing, 3D-QSAR and molecular dynamics simulations targeting Alzheimer’s disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:4029-4044. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1406824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Iqbal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanabalan Anantha Krishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnasamy Gunasekaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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49
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Valera E, Spencer B, Mott J, Trejo M, Adame A, Mante M, Rockenstein E, Troncoso JC, Beach TG, Masliah E, Desplats P. MicroRNA-101 Modulates Autophagy and Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in Multiple System Atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:329. [PMID: 29089869 PMCID: PMC5650998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders with alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, are the second leading cause of neurodegeneration in the elderly, however no effective disease-modifying alternatives exist for these diseases. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal synucleinopathy characterized by the accumulation of toxic aggregates of α-syn within oligodendroglial cells, leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, and the reduction of this accumulation might halt the fast progression of MSA. In this sense, the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in synucleinopathies is yet poorly understood, and the potential of manipulating miRNA levels as a therapeutic tool is underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the levels of miRNAs that regulate the expression of autophagy genes in MSA cases, and investigated the mechanistic correlates of miRNA dysregulation in in vitro models of synucleinopathy. We found that microRNA-101 (miR-101) was significantly increased in the striatum of MSA patients, together with a reduction in the expression of its predicted target gene RAB5A. Overexpression of miR-101 in oligodendroglial cell cultures resulted in a significant increase in α-syn accumulation, along with autophagy deficits. Opposite results were observed upon expression of an antisense construct targeting miR-101. Stereotaxic delivery of a lentiviral construct expressing anti-miR-101 into the striatum of the MBP-α-syn transgenic (tg) mouse model of MSA resulted in reduced oligodendroglial α-syn accumulation and improved autophagy. These results suggest that miRNA dysregulation contributes to MSA pathology, with miR-101 alterations potentially mediating autophagy impairments. Therefore, therapies targeting miR-101 may represent promising approaches for MSA and related neuropathologies with autophagy dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Valera
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Mott
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Margarita Trejo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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50
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Suzuki A, Mochizuki H, Ebihara Y, Shiomi K, Nakazato M. Body mass index and severity of parkinsonism in multiple system atrophy. Neurol Int 2017; 9:7276. [PMID: 29071042 PMCID: PMC5641832 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Suzuki
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Ebihara
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shiomi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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