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Ferreira B, Heredia A, Serpa J. An integrative view on glucagon function and putative role in the progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112063. [PMID: 37678603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism research area evolved greatly, however, is still unknown the impact of systemic metabolism control and diet on cancer. It makes sense that systemic regulators of metabolism can act directly on cancer cells and activate signalling, prompting metabolic remodelling needed to sustain cancer cell survival, tumour growth and disease progression. In the present review, we describe the main glucagon functions in the control of glycaemia and of metabolic pathways overall. Furthermore, an integrative view on how glucagon and related signalling pathways can contribute for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) progression, since pancreas and liver are the major organs exposed to higher levels of glucagon, pancreas as a producer and liver as a scavenger. The main objective is to bring to discussion some glucagon-dependent mechanisms by presenting an integrative view on microenvironmental and systemic aspects in pNETs and HCC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ferreira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adrián Heredia
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Pommergaard HC. Prognostic biomarkers in and selection of surgical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. APMIS 2023; 131 Suppl 146:1-39. [PMID: 37186326 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Ahmed S, Mobashir M, Al-Keridis LA, Alshammari N, Adnan M, Abid M, Hassan MI. A Network-Guided Approach to Discover Phytochemical-Based Anticancer Therapy: Targeting MARK4 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914032. [PMID: 35936719 PMCID: PMC9355243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is associated with various biological functions, including neuronal migration, cell polarity, microtubule dynamics, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation, specifically in the G1/S checkpoint, cell signaling, and differentiation. It plays a critical role in different types of cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the most common forms of liver cancer caused due to mutations, epigenetic aberrations, and altered gene expression patterns. Here, we have applied an integrated network biology approach to see the potential links of MARK4 in HCC, and subsequently identified potential herbal drugs. This work focuses on the naturally-derived compounds from medicinal plants and their properties, making them targets for potential anti-hepatocellular treatments. We further analyzed the HCC mutated genes from the TCGA database by using cBioPortal and mapped out the MARK4 targets among the mutated list. MARK4 and Mimosin, Quercetin, and Resveratrol could potentially interact with critical cancer-associated proteins. A set of the hepatocellular carcinoma altered genes is directly the part of infection, inflammation, immune systems, and cancer pathways. Finally, we conclude that among all these drugs, Gingerol and Fisetin appear to be the highly promising drugs against MARK4-based targets, followed by Quercetin, Resveratrol, and Apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mobashir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Wang W, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhang Y, Yoo S, Chen Q, Liu S, Hou Y, Chen XP, Chen Q, Zhu J. HBV genome-enriched single cell sequencing revealed heterogeneity in HBV-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:134. [PMID: 35710421 PMCID: PMC9205089 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous and frequently contains multifocal tumors, but how the multifocal tumors relate to each other in terms of HBV integration and other genomic patterns is not clear. METHODS To interrogate heterogeneity of HBV-HCC, we developed a HBV genome enriched single cell sequencing (HGE-scSeq) procedure and a computational method to identify HBV integration sites and infer DNA copy number variations (CNVs). RESULTS We performed HGE-scSeq on 269 cells from four tumor sites and two tumor thrombi of a HBV-HCC patient. HBV integrations were identified in 142 out of 269 (53%) cells sequenced, and were enriched in two HBV integration hotspots chr1:34,397,059 (CSMD2) and chr8:118,557,327 (MED30/EXT1). There were also 162 rare integration sites. HBV integration sites were enriched in DNA fragile sites and sequences around HBV integration sites were enriched for microhomologous sequences between human and HBV genomes. CNVs were inferred for each individual cell and cells were grouped into four clonal groups based on their CNVs. Cells in different clonal groups had different degrees of HBV integration heterogeneity. All of 269 cells carried chromosome 1q amplification, a recurrent feature of HCC tumors, suggesting that 1q amplification occurred before HBV integration events in this case study. Further, we performed simulation studies to demonstrate that the sequential events (HBV infecting transformed cells) could result in the observed phenotype with biologically reasonable parameters. CONCLUSION Our HGE-scSeq data reveals high heterogeneity of HCC tumor cells in terms of both HBV integrations and CNVs. There were two HBV integration hotspots across cells, and cells from multiple tumor sites shared some HBV integration and CNV patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- The Hepatic Surgery Centre at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- The Hepatic Surgery Centre at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Gadallah M, Asaad NY, Shabaan M, Elkholy SS, Samara MY, Taie D. Role of SET oncoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:420-434. [PMID: 35156535 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2034646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary cancer of the liver and it is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. In Egypt, liver cancer constitutes the most common cause of mortality-related cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SET oncoprotein in HCC tissues in comparison with its expression in non tumorous liver tissues and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological parameters. This study investigated 100 cases of HCC (including tumorous and non tumorous tissues). One hundred percent of tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were positive for SET expression. The mean and median values of H-score for SET expression were higher in tumorous than non tumorous tissues (P = .03). Higher SET expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = .012), positive lymphovascular invasion (P = .028), and shorter overall survival (P < .001). SET expression in tumor tissues is the most independent factor to affect the overall survival of HCC patients. SET plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis proved by the increase of SET expression from non-tumorous to tumorous tissues. Also, SET can be used as a prognostic indicator and a novel target therapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Gadallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Yousef Asaad
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shabaan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Saad Elkholy
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Manar Yousef Samara
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Doha Taie
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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6
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Abbas EAER, Barakat AB, Hassany M, Youssef SS. The role of BCL9 genetic variation as a biomarker for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34978646 PMCID: PMC8724383 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common cancers related to mortality around the world, and susceptibility is related with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Copy number variation of the Bcell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) gene is a type of structural variation which can influence gene expression and can be related with specific phenotypes and diseases and has a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our aims were to assess the copy number variation (CNV) in the BCL9 gene and explore its role in HCV-related HCC Egyptian patients. A total of 50 HCV-related HCC patients were enrolled in the study (including 25 early HCC and 25 late HCC cases); the copy number of the BCL9 gene was detected using quantitative polymerase reaction. RESULTS There was a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (early and late HCC patients) in gender, bilharziasis, performance status, child score class, child grade, focal lesion size, portal vein, and ascites. CNV was detected and represented by the gain in the BCL9 gene in 14% of patients, and all of them were males. Also, it was noticed that the ratio of gain in BCL9 copy number in late individuals was about 1.5 times than that in early HCC individuals. Moreover, our results showed that the distribution of performance status > 1, average and enlarged liver, focal lesion size, thrombosed portal vein, and AFP was higher in patients with BCL9 copy number gain. CONCLUSION We detected about 14% gain in BCL9 copy number in Egyptian HCC patients. But the variation in copy number of the BCL9 gene did not affect HCC development in our patients' cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd El Razek Abbas
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Hassany
- Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Samir Youssef
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622 Egypt
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Cruz CR, Carvalho ARMR, Maranhão ACN, Aroucha DB, Foinquinos GA, Carvalho SRC, Vasconcelos LRS, Pereira LMMB. Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with li-rads as diagnostic of liver nodule in patients with cirrhosis. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:55. [PMID: 34805577 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in the world. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of a cirrhotic patient with a liver nodule may show alterations suggesting malignancy. There is a lack of questions related to diagnosis of HCC and evaluation of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) could be a tool for early diagnosis of HCC. This aims to confirm an association between clinical and laboratory characteristics in cirrhotic patients with hepatic nodule after LI-RADS categorization. Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with 62 patients grouped according to LI-RADS algorithm. Differences between groups were confirmed using association tests and the Kappa test was employed to provide further confirmation. Results Associations were observed after univariate analysis with higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.008), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.019), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P=0.0052), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.0023), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (P=0.0001), nodule size (P=0.0001) and age (P=0.007) in LR 5 group compared to LR 3. Univariate analysis also revealed higher levels for the LR5 group of ALP (P=0.0228), AFP (P=0.022) and age (P=0.046) in relation to LR 1+2 group. AFP also had higher serum levels in the LR 4 group compared to LR 1+2 (P=0.004). After multivariate analysis, higher levels in LR5 group of nodule size (P=0.047) and ALP (P=0.027) were observed in relation to LR3, and were therefore considered predictors of HCC diagnosis. Conclusions The study suggests that the combination of clinical-laboratory and radiological factors, such as heightened serum levels of ALP and hepatic nodule size, may support the screening of HCC in cirrhotic patients with hepatic nodules using the LI-RADS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Rocha Cruz
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Liver and Transplantation Institute/Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayse Barbosa Aroucha
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Liver and Transplantation Institute/Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Azevedo Foinquinos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Liver and Transplantation Institute/Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Liu X, Zhao D. CKS1B promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating JAK/STAT3 signal pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:227-234. [PMID: 34408811 PMCID: PMC8366641 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1953142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy of considerable concern due to its continuous increase in morbidity and mortality. This study attempts to identify the molecules that play a key role in the progression of HCC, explore its potential mechanism, and provide more target choices for targeted therapy. Using overexpression plasmid and shRNA, CKS1B was respectively overexpressed and knocked down to explore its biological function roles in HCC progression and development. MTT and colony formation assays showed that knockdown of CKS1B inhibited the survival and proliferation of HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Huh7). The flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that knockdown of CKS1B significantly induced the apoptosis of Hep3B and Huh7 cells. The wound healing and transwell invasion assays showed that knockdown of CKS1B had a significant inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of Hep3B and Huh7 cells. These functional tests confirmed that CKS1B acts as an oncogene that regulates the malignant progression of HCC. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that knockdown of CKS1B inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway, evidenced by the significantly downregulated p-STAT3 protein expression. Furthermore, knockdown of CKS1B also downregulated STAT3 target genes TIMP-1, Bcl-2 and VEGF, which were involved in controlling cell apoptosis and migration. On the contrary, overexpression of CKS1B caused the completely opposite results. Taken together, CKS1B acts as an oncogene to promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells by activating JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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Perisetti A, Goyal H, Yendala R, Thandassery RB, Giorgakis E. Non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis: Current insights and advancements. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3466-3482. [PMID: 34239263 PMCID: PMC8240056 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancers carry significant morbidity and mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops within the hepatic parenchyma and is the most common malignancy originating from the liver. Although 80% of HCCs develop within background cirrhosis, 20% may arise in a non-cirrhotic milieu and are referred to non-cirrhotic-HCC (NCHCC). NCHCC is often diagnosed late due to lack of surveillance. In addition, the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus have increased the risk of developing HCC on non-cirrhotic patients. Viral infections such as chronic Hepatitis B and less often chronic hepatitis C with advance fibrosis are associated with NCHCC. NCHCC individuals may have Hepatitis B core antibodies and occult HBV infection, signifying the role of Hepatitis B infection in NCHCC. Given the effectiveness of current antiviral therapies, surgical techniques and locoregional treatment options, nowadays such patients have more options and potential for cure. However, these lesions need early identification with diagnostic models and multiple surveillance strategies to improve overall outcomes. Better understanding of the NCHCC risk factors, tumorigenesis, diagnostic tools and treatment options are critical to improving prognosis and overall outcomes on these patients. In this review, we aim to discuss NCHCC epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis, and elaborate on NCHCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, United States
| | - Rachana Yendala
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Conway Regional Health System (CRHS), Conway, AR 72034, United States
| | - Ragesh B Thandassery
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Emmanouil Giorgakis
- Department of Transplant, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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Kundu S, Ray MD, Sharma A. Interplay between genome organization and epigenomic alterations of pericentromeric DNA in cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:184-197. [PMID: 33840602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic genome biology, the genomic organization inside the three-dimensional (3D) nucleus is highly complex, and whether this organization governs gene expression is poorly understood. Nuclear lamina (NL) is a filamentous meshwork of proteins present at the lining of inner nuclear membrane that serves as an anchoring platform for genome organization. Large chromatin domains termed as lamina-associated domains (LADs), play a major role in silencing genes at the nuclear periphery. The interaction of the NL and genome is dynamic and stochastic. Furthermore, many genes change their positions during developmental processes or under disease conditions such as cancer, to activate certain sorts of genes and/or silence others. Pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) is mostly in the silenced region within the genome, which localizes at the nuclear periphery. Studies show that several genes located at the PCH are aberrantly expressed in cancer. The interesting question is that despite being localized in the pericentromeric region, how these genes still manage to overcome pericentromeric repression. Although epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of the pericentromeric region, recent studies about genome organization and genome-nuclear lamina interaction have shed light on a new aspect of pericentromeric gene regulation through a complex and coordinated interplay between epigenomic remodeling and genomic organization in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Kundu
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M D Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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11
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Zhang L, Jiang Y, Jiao P, Deng X, Xie Y. The high expression of CHD1L and its clinical significance in human solid tumors: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24851. [PMID: 33725840 PMCID: PMC7969280 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1-like (CHD1L) is an oncogene. It was cloned from 1q21 chromosome region of hepatocellular carcinoma in 1991. CHD1L is up-regulated in many kinds of cancers and is involved in the carcinogenesis and development of tumors. More and more studies have shown that over-expression of CHD1L is associated with poor prognosis of tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CHD1L in human solid tumors. METHODS The key words in the database of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and TCGA were searched for systematic literature retrieval. We collected relevant articles and data about CHD1L and prognosis of cancer and screened them according to the eligible criteria to evaluate the prognostic value of CHD1L in cancer patients. Then Stata SE12.0 software is used to analyze the data. RESULTS In our meta-analysis, 2720 patients with a total of 15 articles involving multiple types of tumors showed that high expression levels of CHD1L were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.49-3.30)] and (hazard ratio = 1.16, 95% CI: (1.01-1.32)] in the TCGA database, in addition, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated high expression levels of CHD1L in tumors significantly are associated with TNM stage (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01-2.55, P < .05), tumor size (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.78, P < .05), tumor differentiation (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43-3.16, P < .05), and distant metastasis (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.45-2.39 P < .05). However, we did not observe a significant correlation between the high expression of CHD1L and age, gender. CONCLUSION The high expression of CHD1L is associated with poor OS as well as related to tumor differentiation, tumor size, and distant metastasis, which can be served as a prognostic marker and a potential predictor of clinical pathology in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province (Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi
| | - Yufen Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kezhou People's Hospital, Atushi, Xinjiang
| | - Panpan Jiao
- Hospital Infection Management Office, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province (Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi
| | - Yuancai Xie
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province (Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi
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Gjerstorff MF. Novel Insights Into Epigenetic Reprogramming and Destabilization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594163. [PMID: 33251148 PMCID: PMC7674669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentromeric heterochromatin is maintained in a condensed structure by repressive epigenetic control mechanisms and perturbation of these may cause diseases. The chromosome 1q12 region harbors the largest pericentromeric heterochromatin domain in the genome and is among the most common breakpoints in both solid and hematopoietic cancers. Furthermore, the 1q arm is frequently amplified in cancer and this may support tumorigenesis by increasing the dosage of the many oncogenes of this genomic region. Recent studies have provided insight into the mechanisms leading to loss of 1q12 stability and 1q amplification and DNA hypomethylation seems to play a prominent role. This may be the result of decreased activity of DNA methyltransferases and instrumental for 1q12 destabilization or arise secondary to perturbation of other important epigenetic mechanisms that control repression of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Polycomb proteins were recently demonstrated to epigenetically reprogram demethylated 1q12 pericentromeric heterochromatin in premalignant and malignant cells to form large subnuclear structures known as polycomb bodies. This may influence the regulation and stability of 1q12 pericentromeric heterochromatin and/or the distribution of polycomb factors to support tumorigenesis. This review will discuss recent insight into the epigenetic perturbations causing the destabilization of 1q12 pericentromeric heterochromatin and its possible implications for tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Frier Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Pommergaard HC, Rostved AA, Adam R, Rasmussen A, Salizzoni M, Bravo MAG, Cherqui D, De Simone P, Houssel-Debry P, Mazzaferro V, Soubrane O, García-Valdecasas JC, Prous JF, Pinna AD, O'Grady J, Karam V, Duvoux C, Thygesen LC. Mortality after Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study from the European Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Cancer 2020; 9:455-467. [PMID: 32999871 PMCID: PMC7506266 DOI: 10.1159/000507397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prognosis after liver transplantation differs between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers and aetiology is poorly understood. The aim was to investigate differences in mortality after liver transplantation between these patients. METHODS We included patients from the European Liver Transplant Registry transplanted due to HCC from 1990 to November 2016 and compared cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients using propensity score (PS) calibration of Cox regression estimates to adjust for unmeasured confounding. RESULTS We included 22,787 patients, of whom 96.5% had cirrhosis. In the unadjusted analysis, non-cirrhotic patients had an increased risk of overall mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.52). However, the HR approached unity with increasing adjustment and was 1.11 (95% CI 0.99-1.25) when adjusted for unmeasured confounding. Unadjusted, non-cirrhotic patients had an increased risk of HCC-specific mortality (HR 2.62, 95% CI 2.21-3.12). After adjustment for unmeasured confounding, the risk remained significantly increased (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.31-2.00). CONCLUSIONS Using PS calibration, we showed that HCC in non-cirrhotic liver has similar overall mortality, but higher HCC-specific mortality. This may be a result of a more aggressive cancer form in the non-cirrhotic liver as higher mortality could not be explained by tumour characteristics or other prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Pommergaard
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Hans-Christian Pommergaard, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK–2100 Copenhagen (Denmark),
| | - Andreas Arendtsen Rostved
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Adam
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Mauro Salizzoni
- Liver Transplant Centre and General Surgery, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Cherqui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Pisa Medical School Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pauline Houssel-Debry
- Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre Hospitalier Université de Rennes 1, and INSERM, UMR991, Foie, Métabolisme et Cancer, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- University of Milan and Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplant, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, University Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Joan Fabregat Prous
- Unitat de Cirurgia Hepato-bilio-pancreàtica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio D. Pinna
- General Surgery and Transplant Division, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - John O'Grady
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Karam
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer, and Transplantation, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Duvoux
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris Est University, Créteil, France
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Lin CL, Tan X, Chen M, Kusi M, Hung CN, Chou CW, Hsu YT, Wang CM, Kirma N, Chen CL, Lin CH, Lathrop KI, Elledge R, Kaklamani VG, Mitsuya K, Huang THM. ERα-related chromothripsis enhances concordant gene transcription on chromosome 17q11.1-q24.1 in luminal breast cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:69. [PMID: 32408897 PMCID: PMC7222439 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromothripsis is an event of genomic instability leading to complex chromosomal alterations in cancer. Frequent long-range chromatin interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and targets may promote extensive translocations and copy-number alterations in proximal contact regions through inappropriate DNA stitching. Although studies have proposed models to explain the initiation of chromothripsis, few discussed how TFs influence this process for tumor progression. Methods This study focused on genomic alterations in amplification associated regions within chromosome 17. Inter−/intra-chromosomal rearrangements were analyzed using whole genome sequencing data of breast tumors in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Common ERα binding sites were defined based on MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-134 breast cancer cell lines using univariate K-means clustering methods. Nanopore sequencing technology was applied to validate frequent rearrangements detected between ATC loci on 17q23 and an ERα hub on 20q13. The efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of a potentially druggable target gene on 17q23 was evaluated using breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived circulating breast tumor cells. Results There are five adjoining regions from 17q11.1 to 17q24.1 being hotspots of chromothripsis. Inter−/intra-chromosomal rearrangements of these regions occurred more frequently in ERα-positive tumors than in ERα-negative tumors. In addition, the locations of the rearrangements were often mapped within or close to dense ERα binding sites localized on these five 17q regions or other chromosomes. This chromothriptic event was linked to concordant upregulation of 96 loci that predominantly regulate cell-cycle machineries in advanced luminal tumors. Genome-editing analysis confirmed that an ERα hub localized on 20q13 coordinately regulates a subset of these loci localized on 17q23 through long-range chromosome interactions. One of these loci, Tousled Like Kinase 2 (TLK2) known to participate in DNA damage checkpoint control, is an actionable target using phenothiazine antipsychotics (PTZs). The antiproliferative effect of PTZs was prominent in high TLK2-expressing cells, compared to low expressing cells. Conclusion This study demonstrates a new approach for identifying tumorigenic drivers from genomic regions highly susceptible to ERα-related chromothripsis. We found a group of luminal breast tumors displaying 17q-related chromothripsis for which antipsychotics can be repurposed as treatment adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Meena Kusi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Nameer Kirma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kate I Lathrop
- Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard Elledge
- Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Virginia G Kaklamani
- Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kohzoh Mitsuya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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15
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Hashem EM, Mabrouk MS, Eldeib AM. Analyzing cytogenetic chromosomal aberrations on fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma detected by single-nucleotide polymorphs array. Neural Comput Appl 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-017-3034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Wu G, Wu J, Wang B, Zhu X, Shi X, Ding Y. Importance of tumor size at diagnosis as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma survival: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4401-4410. [PMID: 30349373 PMCID: PMC6188157 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor size on clinical presentation and treatment selection and its role as a prognostic factor remain unclear. The present study is a comprehensive analysis of the clinical correlation between tumor size at diagnosis and pathological grades, clinical staging, disparities of treatment, and survival of patients with HCC. Materials and methods Patients with HCC were separated into groups according to tumor size as follows: 0.1–2.0, 2.1–5.0, 5.1–10.0, and 10.1–20.0 cm. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between tumor size at diagnosis and pathological grade, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) historic stage A, and treatment selection. The survival of HCC patients stratified by tumor size was estimated by Kaplan–Meier and 5-year survival analyses using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis of overall survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Tumor size at diagnosis was an independent risk factor of pathological grade, and SEER historic stage A was revealed by logistic regression analysis. Results The 5-year survival rate was 21.9% vs 14.3% vs 9.2% vs 7.7% for all HCC patients and 31.2% vs 23.6% vs 20.3% vs 15.5% for patients who underwent surgery with tumor sizes of 0.1–2.0 vs 2.1–5.0 and 5.1–10.0 vs 10.1–20.0 cm, respectively; multivariable Cox regression analysis identified tumor size at diagnosis as an independent predictor of survival risk with HR of 1.00 vs 1.66 vs 2.92 vs 3.67, respectively. Conclusion Tumor size at diagnosis could be used as an independent risk predictor associated with histological grade, stage, selection of surgery, and survival in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ; .,Clinical Medical Center for Digestive Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China, ;
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Office of Noncommunicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ; .,Clinical Medical Center for Digestive Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China, ;
| | - Yitao Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ; .,Clinical Medical Center for Digestive Disease of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China, ;
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17
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Wu S, Du R, Gao C, Kang J, Wen J, Sun T. The role of XBP1s in the metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:530-537. [PMID: 29627568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis and recurrence are the primary contributors to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells is the predominant mechanism of HCC progression. XBP1s is a newly discovered molecule involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressresponse, which is an adaptive response and defense mechanism in cells that enablessurvival under adverse conditions. Abnormally high XBP1sexpression has been found in tumor cells, but the role of XBP1sin HCC progression remains unclear. We found that the expression of XBP1s in HCC cell lines and tissuesamples was higher than that in control cells and tissuesamples. Clinicopathological analysis showed that the expression of XBP1s was closely correlated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. In vivo and invitro experiments confirmed that the overexpression of XBP1s promoted EMT and metastasis in HCC cells. XBP1ssilencing attenuated cellular migration and development of the EMT phenotypein vitro. Through further study to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the promotion ofEMT by XBP1s in HCC cells, we confirmed that XBP1s could mediate the expression of Twist. In HCC cells, XBP1s enhanced the expression of Twist and Snail, resulting in a subsequent reduction in the expression of E-cadherin, a contributor to cell-cell adhesion. Overall, this study reveals a novel XBP1s/Twist/Snail axis that mediates EMT in HCC cells and the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Wu
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen Gao
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juyi Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- NavyGeneralHospital, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Yan S, Xia R, Jin T, Ren H, Yang H, Li J, Yan M, Zhu Y, Chen M. RTEL1 polymorphisms are associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70475-70480. [PMID: 27765928 PMCID: PMC5342566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RTEL1 (regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1; OMIM 608833) gene polymorphisms were linked to lung cancer (LC) susceptibility in a cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) Here, we assessed whether seven previously reported RTEL1 polymorphisms influenced LC risk in Han Chinese population. All study samples (554 LC cases and 696 cancer-free controls) were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University in China. We assessed associations between SNPs and LC risk using various several genetic models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and additive). Whereas rs2738780 showed a protective effect against LC (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.80 ;95% confidence interval (CI): 0.638 = 0.998; p = 0.048), rs7261546(OR = 4.16; 95% CI: 1.35-12.82; p = 0.007), rs6062299(OR=5.08; 95% CI: 1.43-18.10; p = 0.005) and rs3787098(OR = 5.10; 95% CI: 1.43-18.15; p = 0.004) were all associated with increased LC susceptibility (recessive model). Haplotype analysis suggested that ''CTC'' was associated with a 0.8-fold decrease in LC risk (OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.63-1.00; Pearson's p = 0.05). These findings suggest a potential association between RTEL1 polymorphisms and LC risk in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchun Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Xi'an NO.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Ridong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Mengdan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Xu L, Dai W, Li J, He L, Wang F, Xia Y, Chen K, Li S, Liu T, Lu J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Guo C. Methylation-regulated miR-124-1 suppresses tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CASC3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26027-41. [PMID: 27029030 PMCID: PMC5041962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-124-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the expression of miR-124-1 in human HCC tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays were used to analyze the target of miR-124-1. Human HCC cell lines were transduced with lentiviruses expressing miR-124-1, and proliferation and colony formation were analyzed. The growth of human HCC cells overexpressing miR-124-1 was assessed in nude mice. The expression of p38-MAPK, JNK, ERK and related signaling molecules was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that miR-124-1 levels were reduced in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with those in adjacent non-cancer tissues and normal liver cell lines respectively. Downregulation of miR-124-1 in HCC cell lines were attributed to hypermethylation of its promoter region. Overexpression of miR-124-1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro, whereas miR-124-1 was correlated with clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients. HCC cell-mediated overexpression of miR-124-1 in nude mice suppressed tumor growth. Cancer susceptibility candidate 3 (CASC3) was identified as a direct target of miR-124-1 by computational analysis and experimental assays. MiR-124-1-mediated downregulation of CASC3 resulted in the inactivation of p38-MAPK, JNK and ERK. Our findings provide potential new targets for the prevention or treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - JingJing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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20
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Zhang B, Deng C, Wang L, Zhou F, Zhang S, Kang W, Zhan P, Chen J, Shen S, Guo H, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhang W, Xiao J, Kong B, Friess H, Zhuge Y, Yan H, Zou X. Upregulation of UBE2Q1 via gene copy number gain in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes cancer progression through β-catenin-EGFR-PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:201-215. [PMID: 29027712 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and represents a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic modalities for HCC are limited and generally ineffective. UBE2Q1 is a putative E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and has been shown to be overexpressed in various types of cancers including HCC. How UBE2Q1 contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that UBE2Q1 is up-regulated in HCC cell lines and in a subset of human HCC tissues. Up-regulation of UBE2Q1 in primary HCC tumors was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Mechanistically, we showed that the frequent up-regulation of UBE2Q1 in HCCs was attributed to the recurrent UBE2Q1 gene copy gain at chromosome 1q21. Functionally, we showed that knockdown of UBE2Q1 reduced HCC cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis via induction of GADD45α, and suppressed orthotopic tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Inactivation of UBE2Q1 also impeded HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro through regulating EMT process, and suppressed HCC metastasis in vivo. Interestingly, our data revealed a role of UBE2Q1 in the regulation of β-catenin-EGFR-PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that UBE2Q1 is a candidate oncogene involved in HCC development and progression and therefore a potential therapeutic target in applicable HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangqiang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Chow RKK, Tsz-Kwan Sin S, Liu M, Li Y, Man Chan TH, Song Y, Chen L, Lai-Wan Kwong D, Guan XY. AKR7A3 suppresses tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through attenuation of ERK, c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83469-83479. [PMID: 29137357 PMCID: PMC5663529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for 85-90% of primary liver cancer, is now the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Here we reported that Aldo-Keto Reductase family 7A isoform 3 (AKR7A3) is frequently down-regulated in HCC, associating with poor overall survival rate, elevated serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and poor differentiation of HCC. The promoter region of AKR7A3 was detected to be hypermethylated. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was also detected in AKR7A3. Functional assays on both AKR7A3 overexpressed and knockdown cells, including foci formation, colony formation in soft agar, migration, invasion and tumor formation in nude mice, demonstrated the strong tumor suppressive functions of AKR7A3. In addition, treatment of chemotherapy drug cisplatin showed that AKR7A3 sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. Mechanistically, western blot analysis showed that overexpression of AKR7A3 inhibits the activation of ERK, c-Jun and NF-κB. In summary, we found that AKR7A3 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC through attenuating c-Jun, ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kwok Kei Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah Tsz-Kwan Sin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tim Hon Man Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yangyang Song
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Araújo TM, Seabra AD, Lima EM, Assumpção PP, Montenegro RC, Demachki S, Burbano RM, Khayat AS. Recurrent amplification of RTEL1 and ABCA13 and its synergistic effect associated with clinicopathological data of gastric adenocarcinoma. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:52. [PMID: 27366209 PMCID: PMC4928298 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progression in treatment of gastric cancer, prognosis of patients remains poor, in part due to the low rate of diagnosis during its early stages. This paradigm implies the necessity to identify molecular biomarkers for early gastric cancer diagnosis, as well as for disease monitoring, thus contributing to the development of new therapeutic approaches. In a previous study, performed by array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization, we described for the first time in literature recurrent amplification of RTEL1 and ABCA13 genes in gastric cancer. Thus, the aim of the present study was to validate recurrent amplification of RTEL1 and ABCA13 genes and associate CNV status with clinicopathological data. FINDINGS Results showed RTEL1 and ABCA13 amplification in 38 % of samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated that RTEL amplification is more common in older patients and more associated with intestinal type and ABCA13 amplification increases the risk of lymph node metastasis and is more common in men. Co-amplification of these genes showed a significant association with advanced staging. CONCLUSIONS aCGH is a very useful tool for investigating novel genes associated with carcinogenesis and RTEL1 amplification may be important for the development of gastric cancer in older patients, besides being a probable event contributing for chromosomal instability in intestinal gastric carcinogenesis. ABCA13 amplification may have age-specific function and could be considered a useful marker for predicting lymph node metastasis in resected gastric cancer patients in early stage. Lastly, RTEL1 and ABCA13 synergistic effect may be considered as a putative marker for advanced staging in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Araújo
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - A. D. Seabra
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - E. M. Lima
- />Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900 Paraíba Brazil
| | - P. P. Assumpção
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - R. C. Montenegro
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - S. Demachki
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - R. M. Burbano
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
| | - A. S. Khayat
- />Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará Brazil
- />Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66073-000 Pará Brazil
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23
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An ANCCA/PRO2000-miR-520a-E2F2 regulatory loop as a driving force for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e229. [PMID: 27239961 PMCID: PMC4945746 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Asia especially in China. We previously identified that ANCCA/PRO2000 as an important proliferation-associated protein predicted poor prognosis of patients with HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms of ANCCA/PRO2000 leading to hepatocarcinogenesis and progression are still obscure. In the present study, we found that ANCCA/PRO2000 overexpression in HCC specimens correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival. Furthermore, ANCCA/PRO2000 exerts strong oncogenic function in HCC and promotes cell proliferation by regulating E2F2 expression, a critical cell cycle regulator. Notably, miR-520a is an intermediate regulator between ANCCA/PRO2000 and E2F2. Mechanistically, ANCCA/PRO2000 not only interacts with E2F2 but also negatively regulates miR-520a that inhibits E2F2 to cooperatively promote in vitro and in vivo growth of HCC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that ANCCA/PRO2000 enhances the migratory capacity of HCC cells partially by suppressing ERO1L and G3BP2 expression. Additional research identified that miR-372, as a prognostic factor for HCC, could directly target ANCCA/PRO2000. Our results suggest the ANCCA/PRO2000-miR-520a-E2F2 regulatory loop as a driving force for HCC development and ANCCA/PRO2000 as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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24
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Rizza S, Montagna C, Cardaci S, Maiani E, Di Giacomo G, Sanchez-Quiles V, Blagoev B, Rasola A, De Zio D, Stamler JS, Cecconi F, Filomeni G. S-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4170-82. [PMID: 27216192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) represents the best-documented denitrosylase implicated in regulating the levels of proteins posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide on cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation. GSNOR controls a diverse array of physiologic functions, including cellular growth and differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Chromosomal deletion of GSNOR results in pathologic protein S-nitrosylation that is implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we identify a metabolic hallmark of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC and exploit it for therapeutic gain. We find that hepatocyte GSNOR deficiency is characterized by mitochondrial alteration and by marked increases in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and activity. We find that this depends on the selective S-nitrosylation of Cys(501) in the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which mediates its degradation. As a result, GSNOR-deficient cells and tumors are highly sensitive to SDH inhibition, namely to α-tocopheryl succinate, an SDH-targeting molecule that induced RIP1/PARP1-mediated necroptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Our work provides a specific molecular signature of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC, a novel molecular target in SDH, and a first-in-class therapy to treat the disease. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4170-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rizza
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Costanza Montagna
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrea Rasola
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Cheong JY, Kim YB, Woo JH, Kim DK, Yeo M, Yang SJ, Yang KS, Soon SK, Wang HJ, Kim BW, Park JH, Cho SW. Identification of NUCKS1 as a putative oncogene and immunodiagnostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2016; 584:47-53. [PMID: 26968889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the molecular mechanisms underpinning hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown, gene copy number and associated mRNA expression changes are frequently reported. Comparative genomic hybridization arrays spotted with 4041 bacterial artificial chromosome clones were used to assess copy number changes in 45 HCC tissues. Seventy more HCC tissues were used to validate candidate genes by using western blots and immunohistochemistry. A total of 259 clones were associated with copy number changes that significantly differed between normal liver and HCC samples. The chromosomal region 1q32.1 containing the nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) gene was associated with tumor vascular invasion. Western blot analysis demonstrated that NUCKS1 was up-regulated in 37 of 70 (52.8%) HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and over-expressed in a vast majority of HCCs (44/52, 84.6%) as determined by immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, immunostaining of both NUCKS1 and glypican-3 improved the diagnostic prediction of HCC. Knock-down of NUCKS1 by siRNA implied the decrease in cell viability of the Hep3B cell line and reduced tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model. NUCKS1 was identified as a potential oncogene at chromosomal 1q32.1 in patients with HCC, and it might be a valuable immunodiagnostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Genome Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Genome Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Marie Yeo
- Genome Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | - Sun Kim Soon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Genome Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jeong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Wan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Sung Won Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Genome Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Yang CY, Tseng JY, Chen CF, Chou TY, Gao HW, Hua CL, Lin CH, Lin JK, Jiang JK. Genome-wide copy number changes and CD133 expression characterized distinct subset of colon polyps: differentiation between incidental polyps and cancer-associated polyps. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015. [PMID: 26206347 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal polyps are generally believed to be the precursors of colorectal cancers (CRC); however, the proportion and speed of progression differed widely in different subsets of polyps. Using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) platform and CD133 immunostaining, we characterized colon polyps according to their association with CRC that developed in the same individual. PATIENTS AND METHODS aCGH was performed to unveil genomic changes in 18 cancer-synchronous polyps (CSP), and 9 cancer-preceding polyps (CPP), together with their corresponding cancers and 16 cases of incidental polyps (IP), were examined for comparison. aCGH profiles were analyzed to determine the clonal relationship (CR) between the paired adenoma and carcinoma. CD133 expressions in each subset of polyps were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS Progressive genomic changes were observed from IP, CSP/CPP to CRC; they encompass an entire chromosomal region in IP and sub-chromosomal region in CSP/CPP and CRC. CR analyses demonstrated that 50 % of CSP and 67 % of CPP were clonally related to the concurrent or later developed carcinomas, respectively. The CD133 expression levels were significantly higher in CSP/CPP than those in IP (P < 0.0001) and even higher in CSP/CPP that were clonally related to their corresponding carcinomas than CSP/CPP that were unrelated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were more genomic changes in CSP/CPP than IP; more than half of the CSP/CPP were clonally related to the corresponding carcinomas. Genomic changes at sub-chromosomal regions and/or high CD133 expression were associated with CSP/CPP and highlighted their carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hua
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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27
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Wang J, Liu M, Chen L, Chan THM, Jiang L, Yuan YF, Guan XY. Overexpression of N-terminal kinase like gene promotes tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cell cycle progression and cell motility. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1618-30. [PMID: 25575811 PMCID: PMC4359319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of CHD1L is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we found that one of CHD1L downstream targets, NTKL, was frequently upregulated in HCC, which was significantly correlated with vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor prognosis (P = 0.050) of HCC. ChIP assay demonstrated the binding of CHD1L to the promoter region of NTKL. QRT-PCR study showed that the expression of NTKL positively correlated with CHD1L expression in both clinical samples and cell lines. Functional study found that NTKL had strong oncogenic roles, including increased cell growth, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor formation in nude mice. Further study found that NTKL could promote G1/S transition by decreasing P53 and increasing CyclinD1 expressions. NTKL overexpression could accelerate the mitotic exit and chromosome segregation, which led to the cytokinesis failure and subsequently induced apoptosis. NTKL also regulated cell motility by facilitating philopodia and lamellipodia formation through regulating F-actin reorganization and the phosphorylation of small GTPase Rac1/cdc42. Using co-IP and mass spectrometry approach, we identified the large GTPase dynamin2 as an interacting protein of NTKL, which might be responsible for the phenotype alterations caused by NTKL overexpression, such as cytokinesis failure, increased cell motility and abnormal of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tim Hon Man Chan
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Wang D, Zhu ZZ, Jiang H, Zhu J, Cong WM, Wen BJ, He SQ, Liu SF. Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2015; 9:438-46. [PMID: 26067772 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent chromosome 20q gain is implicated in progressive cancer behaviors and has been associated with clinical outcomes in multiple types of cancer; however, its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the involved genes remain unclear. METHODS Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression arrays were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and expression levels, respectively. The associations between CNAs in 20q and outcomes were analyzed on 66 patients, for which the follow-up period was 2.6-73.3 months. One hundred seventeen tumors were further investigated to identify target genes in the potentially outcome-related CNAs. RESULTS Regional or whole 20q gain was detected in 24 (36.4%) of the 66 HCC cases. The most recurrent gains were 20q11.21-12, 20q12-13.12, 20q13.12-13.33 and 20q13.33. Of the CNAs, 20q13.12-13.33 gain was significantly associated with reduced extrohepatic metastasis-free and overall survival, as well as with elevated postoperative AFP level, tumor vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage. Multivariate Cox analysis identified 20q13.12-13.33 gain as an independent prognostic marker for metastasis (HR 3.73, 95% CI 1.08-12.87) and death (HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.26-7.13). A panel of 19 genes in 20q13.12-13.33 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs with gain compared to HCCs without. High expression (greater than median) for 5 of the 19 genes, DDX27, B4GALT5, RNF114, ZFP64 and PFDN4, correlated significantly with vascular invasion, and high RNF114 expression also with advanced tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Gain at 20q13.12-13.33 is a prognostic marker of metastasis and death, and DDX27, B4GALT5, RNF114, ZFP64, and PFDN4 are probable target genes which may be involved together in the unfavorable outcomes of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001, China,
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29
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Abstract
About 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections especially in the setting of established cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis, making HCC prevention a major goal of antiviral therapy. HCC tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous resulting from the aberrant function of multiple molecular pathways. The roles of HCV or HBV in promoting HCC development are still either directly or indirectly are still speculative, but the evidence for both effects is compelling. In patients with chronic hepatitis viral infection, cirrhosis is not a prerequisite for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ben Ari
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba No 1, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; Liver Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Ella Weitzman
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba No 1, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Safran
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Derech Sheba No 1, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; Liver Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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30
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Yung MK, Lo KW, Yip CW, Chung GTY, Tong CYK, Cheung PFY, Cheung TT, Poon RTP, So S, Fan ST, Cheung ST. Copy number gain of granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) at chromosome 17q21 associates with overexpression in human liver cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:264. [PMID: 25885205 PMCID: PMC4403714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a secretory growth factor, demonstrated overexpression in various human cancers, however, mechanism remain elusive. Primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranks the second in cancer-related death globally. GEP controlled growth, invasion, metastasis and chemo-resistance in liver cancer. Noted that GEP gene locates at 17q21 and the region has been frequently reported to be amplified in subset of HCC. The study aims to investigate if copy number gain would associate with GEP overexpression. METHODS Quantitative Microsatellite Analysis (QuMA) was used to quantify the GEP DNA copy number, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to consolidate the amplification status. GEP gene copy number, mRNA expression level and clinico-pathological features were analyzed. RESULTS GEP DNA copy number determined by QuMA corroborated well with the FISH data, and the gene copy number correlated with the expression levels (n = 60, r = 0.331, P = 0.010). Gain of GEP copy number was observed in 20% (12/60) HCC and associated with hepatitis B virus infection status (P = 0.015). In HCC with increased GEP copy number, tight association between GEP DNA and mRNA levels were observed (n = 12, r = 0.664, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Gain of the GEP gene copy number was observed in 20% HCC and the frequency comparable to literatures reported on the chromosome region 17q. Increased gene copy number contributed to GEP overexpression in subset of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Kuen Yung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Grace T Y Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Carol Y K Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Phyllis F Y Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ronnie T P Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Samuel So
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, L9-55, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Du R, Wu S, Lv X, Fang H, Wu S, Kang J. Overexpression of brachyury contributes to tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:105. [PMID: 25499255 PMCID: PMC4279691 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims Brachyury overexpression has been reported in various human malignant neoplasms, but its expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the critical role of Brachyury in HCC metastasis. Methods The expression of Brachyury in human HCC (SMMC7721, HepG2, FHCC98, and Hep3B) and control cell lines was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoflourence methods. Cancerous tissues collected from patients with HCC (n = 112) were analyzed using immunohistochemical method; a microarray analysis of HCC tissues was performed to explore the clinicopathological variables of HCC. The migratory and invasive capacities of Brachyury-SMMC7721 and Brachyury-HepG2 transfected cells were evaluated using in vitro scratch wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Further, six-week-old male BALB/c nude mice (n = 10) model was used in vivo assay. Results Elevated expression of Brachyury was detected in HCCs (62.5%) compared with that in adjacent nontumorous tissues. Clinicopathological analysis revealed a close correlation of Brachyury expression with distant metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC. Overexpression of Brachyury promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Brachyury overexpression enhanced Akt activation by inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which led to subsequent stabilization of Snail, a critical EMT mediator. Conclusion The study findings suggest that elevated Brachyury facilitates HCC metastasis by promoting EMT via PTEN/Akt/Snail-dependent pathway. Brachyury plays a pivotal role in HCC metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, 6# Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, 6# Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoning Lv
- Department of Aviation and Diving, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Henghu Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, 6# Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sudong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, 6# Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingbo Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology, Navy General Hospital, 6# Fu Cheng Road, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Zong Y, Fei X, Chen X, Huang O, He J, Chen W, Li Y, Shen K, Zhu L. Presence of CHD1L over-expression is associated with aggressive tumor biology and is a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival in human breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98673. [PMID: 25153161 PMCID: PMC4143172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chromodomain helicase/adenosine triphosphatase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) is a recently identified oncogene localized at 1q21. CHD1L protein over-expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma is correlated with enhanced apoptosis inhibition, reduced chemosensitivity and shortened patient survival. However, CHD1L protein status or mRNA expression in breast cancer and its clinical significance remain obscure. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, immunohistochemical staining for CHD1L expression was performed on tissue microarrays containing 179 primary invasive breast cancers and 65 matched normal breast tissue specimens. Clinico-pathological features were collected and compared between different CHD1L statuses. Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Also, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate the mRNA level expression of CHD1L in six breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS Presence of CHD1L over-expression was observed in 87 of the 179 patients (48.6%), which associated with a younger age (P = 0.011), higher grade (P = 0.004), higher Ki-67 index (P = 0.018) and HER2 over-expression/amplification (P = 0.037). After a median follow-up of 55 months, patients with presence of CHD1L over-expression had significantly poorer DFS (82.6% Vs 76.3%, P = 0.035), but not OS (87.0% Vs 94.9%, P = 0.439). In multivariate analysis, CHD1L status (HR = 2.169, [95%CI, 1.029-4.573], P = 0.042), triple negative subtype (HR = 2.809, [95%CI 1.086-7.264], P = 0.033) and HER2 positive subtype (HR = 5.221, [95%CI 1.788-15.240], P = 0.002) were identified as independent prognostic factors for DFS. In vitro study indicated that relative mRNA expression level of CHD1L was higher in breast cancer cell lines, especially in MDA-MB-231 and LM2-4175, when compared to normal breast epithelial cell line. CONCLUSIONS Presence of CHD1L over-expression is probably associated with aggressive tumor biology in breast cancer. CHD1L status might be a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zong
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Pathology Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ou Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafen Li
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Takai A, Dang HT, Wang XW. Identification of drivers from cancer genome diversity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11142-60. [PMID: 24955791 PMCID: PMC4100204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150611142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a dismal outcome. The complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC caused by tumor heterogeneity makes it difficult to identify druggable targets useful for treating HCC patients. One approach that has a potential for the improvement of patient prognosis is the identification of cancer driver genes that play a critical role in the development of HCC. Recent technological advances of high-throughput methods, such as gene expression profiles, DNA copy number alterations and somatic mutations, have expanded our understanding of the comprehensive genetic profiles of HCC. Integrative analysis of these omics profiles enables us to classify the molecular subgroups of HCC patients. As each subgroup classified according to genetic profiles has different clinical features, such as recurrence rate and prognosis, the tumor subclassification tools are useful in clinical practice. Furthermore, a global genetic analysis, including genome-wide RNAi functional screening, makes it possible to identify cancer vulnerable genes. Identification of common cancer driver genes in HCC leads to the development of an effective molecular target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hien T Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xin W Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Santoro M, Carlomagno F. Central role of RET in thyroid cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a009233. [PMID: 24296167 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RET (rearranged during transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of neural crest derived cell lineages, kidney, and male germ cells. Different human cancers, including papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas, lung adenocarcinomas, and myeloproliferative disorders display gain-of-function mutations in RET. Accordingly, RET protein has become a promising molecular target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Santoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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The homeobox only protein homeobox (HOPX) and colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23231-43. [PMID: 24287901 PMCID: PMC3876040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOP (homeobox only protein) homeobox (HOPX) is most closely related to the homeobox protein that contains a homeobox-like domain but lacks certain conserved residues required for DNA binding. Here, we review the current understanding of HOPX in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). HOPX was initially reported as a differentiation marker and is expressed in various normal tissues. In the colon, HOPX is expressed uniquely in the quiescent stem cell, +4, and in differentiated mucosal cells of the colon. HOPX expression is markedly suppressed in a subset of cancers, mainly in an epigenetic manner. CRC may include separate entities which are differentially characterized by HOPX expression from a prognostic point of view. HOPX itself can regulate epigenetics, and defective expression of HOPX can result in loss of tumor suppressive function and differentiation phenotype. These findings indicate that HOPX may be both a central regulator of epigenetic dynamics and a critical determinant for differentiation in human cells. HOPX downstream targets were identified in CRC cell lines and hold promise as candidates for therapeutic targets of CRC, such as EphA2 or AP-1. Further analysis will elucidate and confirm the precise role of such proteins in CRC progression.
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Hyeon J, Ahn S, Lee JJ, Song DH, Park CK. Prognostic Significance of BCL9 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:130-6. [PMID: 23667372 PMCID: PMC3647125 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background BCL9 enhances β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity regardless of the mutational status of the Wnt signaling components and increases the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastatic potential of tumor cells. The goal of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of BCL9 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods We evaluated BCL9 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue from 288 primary HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy. The impact of BCL9 expression on the survival of the patients was analyzed. The median follow-up period was 97.1 months. Results Nuclear BCL9 protein expression was observed in 74 (25.7%) of the 288 HCCs. BCL9 expression was significantly associated with younger age (p=0.038), higher Edmondson grade (p=0.001), microvascular invasion (p=0.013), and intrahepatic metastasis (p=0.017). Based on univariate analyses, BCL9 expression showed an unfavorable influence on both disease-free survival (DFS, p=0.012) and disease-specific survival (DSS, p=0.032). Multivariate analyses revealed that higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage was an independent predictor of both shorter DFS (p<0.001) and shorter DSS (p<0.001). BCL9 expression tended to be an independent predictor of shorter DFS (p=0.078). Conclusions BCL9 protein expression might be a marker of shorter DFS in HCC patients after curative hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Hyeon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Witjes CDM, Polak WG, Verhoef C, Eskens FALM, Dwarkasing RS, Verheij J, de Man RA, Ijzermans JNM. Increased alpha-fetoprotein serum level is predictive for survival and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic livers. Dig Surg 2013; 29:522-8. [PMID: 23548745 DOI: 10.1159/000348669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be diagnosed in the absence of cirrhosis. However, little is known about prognostic factors for the survival of HCC patients with a non-cirrhotic liver in the absence of well-established risk factors. METHOD Survival rates and risk factors for survival and recurrence were analysed in all patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 with HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver and in the absence of well-established risk factors. RESULTS Ninety-four patients were analysed. Treatment with curative intent consisted of surgical resection in 43 patients (46%) and radiofrequency ablation in 4 patients (4%). In patients treated with curative intent and alive 30 days after treatment (n = 40), 1- and 5-year overall survival rates were 95 and 51%, respectively. Patients with a high preoperative α-fetoprotein (AFP) serum level, the presence of microvascular invasion in the resected specimen, a complicated postoperative course and a major resection, due to a greater tumour volume, had a significantly worse outcome and a higher recurrence rate. In multivariate analysis, a high AFP serum level at presentation was significantly associated with recurrence and a worse survival. CONCLUSION HCC presenting in a non-cirrhotic liver in the absence of well-established risk factors has a poor prognosis. Increased AFP serum levels are significantly associated with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D M Witjes
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hyeon J, Ahn S, Park CK. CHD1L Is a Marker for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:9-15. [PMID: 23482400 PMCID: PMC3589617 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene for chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like (CHD1L) was recently identified as a target oncogene within the 1q21 amplicon, which occurs in 46% to 86% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. However, the prognostic significance of CHD1L in HCC remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the roles of CHD1L in the prognosis of HCC. METHODS We investigated the expressions of CHD1L in tumor tissue microarrays of 281 primary HCC patients who underwent surgical resection using immunohistochemistry. Prognostic factors of HCC were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. The median follow-up period was 75.6 months. RESULTS CHD1L expression was observed in 48 of the 281 HCCs (17.1%). CHD1L expression was associated with a younger age (p=0.033), higher Edmondson grade (p=0.019), microvascular invasion (p<0.001), major portal vein invasion (p=0.037), higher American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage (p=0.001), lower albumin level (p=0.047), and higher α-fetoprotein level (p=0.002). Multivariate analyses revealed that CHD1L expression (p=0.027), Edmondson grade III (p=0.034), and higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (p<0.001) were independent predictors of shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS CHD1L expression might be a prognostic marker of shorter disease-free survival in HCC patients after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Hyeon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tang CH, Wei W, Hanes MA, Liu L. Hepatocarcinogenesis driven by GSNOR deficiency is prevented by iNOS inhibition. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2897-904. [PMID: 23440427 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly human cancers and it remains poorly managed. Human HCC development is often associated both with elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and with genetic deletion of the major denitrosylase S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR/ADH5). However, their causal involvement in human HCC is not established. In mice, GSNOR deficiency causes S-nitrosylation and depletion of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) and increases rates of both spontaneous and DEN carcinogen-induced HCC. Here, we report that administration of 1400W, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of iNOS, blocked AGT depletion and rescued the repair of mutagenic O6-ethyldeoxyguanosines following DEN challenge in livers of GSNOR-deficient (GSNOR(-/-)) mice. Notably, short-term iNOS inhibition following DEN treatment had little effect on carcinogenesis in wild-type mice, but was sufficient to reduce HCC multiplicity, maximal size, and burden in GSNOR(-/-) mice to levels comparable with wild-type controls. Furthermore, increased HCC susceptibility in GSNOR(-/-) mice was not associated with an increase in interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, oxidative stress, or hepatocellular proliferation. These results suggested that GSNOR deficiency linked to defective DNA damage repair likely acts at the tumor initiation stage to promote HCC carcinogenesis. Together, our findings provide the first proof of principle that HCC development in the context of uncontrolled nitrosative stress can be blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of iNOS, possibly providing an effective therapy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Leung J, Wei W, Liu L. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase deficiency increases mutagenesis from alkylation in mouse liver. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:984-9. [PMID: 23354311 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and many other cancers, somatic point mutations are highly prevalent, yet the mechanisms critical in their generation remain poorly understood. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key regulator of protein S-nitrosylation, is frequently deficient in human HCC. Targeted deletion of the GSNOR gene in mice can reduce the activity of the DNA repair protein O (6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and promote both carcinogen-induced and spontaneous HCC. In this study, we report that following exposure to the environmental carcinogen diethylnitrosamine, the mutation frequency of a transgenic reporter in the liver of GSNOR-deficient mice (GSNOR(-/-)) is significantly higher than that in wild-type control. In wild-type mice, diethylnitrosamine treatment does not significantly increase the frequency of the transition from G:C to A:T, a mutation deriving from diethylnitrosamine-induced O (6)-ethylguanines that are normally repaired by AGT. In contrast, the frequency of this transition from diethylnitrosamine is increased ~20 times in GSNOR(-/-) mice. GSNOR deficiency also significantly increases the frequency of the transversion from A:T to T:A, a mutation not affected by AGT. GSNOR deficiency in our experiments does not significantly affect either the frequencies of the other diethylnitrosamine-induced point mutations or hepatocyte proliferation. Thus, GSNOR deficiency, through both AGT-dependent and AGT-independent pathways, significantly raises the rates of specific types of DNA mutations. Our results demonstrate a critical role for GSNOR in maintaining genomic integrity in mice and support the hypothesis that GSNOR deficiency is an important cause of the widespread mutations in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Leung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Evason KJ, Grenert JP, Ferrell LD, Kakar S. Atypical hepatocellular adenoma-like neoplasms with β-catenin activation show cytogenetic alterations similar to well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:750-8. [PMID: 23084586 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The distinction of hepatocellular adenoma from well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in noncirrhotic liver can be challenging, particularly when tumors histologically resembling hepatocellular adenoma occur in unusual clinical settings such as in a man or an older woman or show focal atypical morphologic features. In this study, we examine the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features of hepatocellular adenoma-like neoplasms occurring in men, women 50 years or older or younger than 15 years, and/or those with focal atypia (small cell change, pseudogland formation, and/or nuclear atypia), designated atypical hepatocellular neoplasms, where the distinction of hepatocellular adenoma versus HCC could not be clearly established. Immunohistochemistry was performed for β-catenin, glutamine synthetase, and serum amyloid A in 31 hepatocellular adenomas, 20 well-differentiated HCCs, and 40 atypical hepatocellular neoplasms. Chromosomal gains/losses had previously been determined in 37 cases using comparative genomic hybridization or fluorescence in situ hybridization. β-Catenin activation was observed in 35% of atypical hepatocellular neoplasms compared with 10% of typical hepatocellular adenomas (P < .05) and 55% of well-differentiated HCCs (P = .14). Cytogenetic changes typically observed in HCC were present in all atypical hepatocellular neoplasms with β-catenin activation. β-Catenin activation in atypical hepatocellular neoplasms was also associated with atypical morphologic features. Follow-up data were limited, but adverse outcome was observed in 2 atypical hepatocellular neoplasms with β-catenin activation (1 recurrence, 1 metastasis); transition to areas of HCC was observed in 1 case. The similarity in morphologic and cytogenetic features of β-catenin-activated hepatocellular adenoma-like tumors and HCC suggests that the former tumors represent an extremely well-differentiated variant of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Evason
- Department of Pathology and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Zhu ZZ, Wang D, Cong WM, Jiang H, Yu Y, Wen BJ, Dong H, Zhang X, Liu SF, Wang AZ, Zhu G, Hou L. Sex-related differences in DNA copy number alterations in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:225-9. [PMID: 22502674 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development has never been evaluated. METHODS High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai, China. Two-tailed Fisher's exact or chi2 tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. RESULTS The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2 (35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042), 11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBV-associated HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, No. 113 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Ningbo, China.
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Mergental H, Adam R, Ericzon BG, Kalicinski P, Mühlbacher F, Höckerstedt K, Klempnauer JL, Friman S, Broelsch CE, Mantion G, Fernandez-Sellez C, van Hoek B, Fangmann J, Pirenne J, Muiesan P, Königsrainer A, Mirza DF, Lerut J, Detry O, Le Treut YP, Mazzaferro V, Löhe F, Berenguer M, Clavien PA, Rogiers X, Belghiti J, Kóbori L, Burra P, Wolf P, Schareck W, Pisarski P, Foss A, Filipponi F, Krawczyk M, Wolff M, Langrehr JM, Rolles K, Jamieson N, Hop WCJ, Porte RJ. Liver transplantation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in normal livers. J Hepatol 2012; 57:297-305. [PMID: 22521348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The role of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in livers without fibrosis/cirrhosis (NC-HCC) is unclear. We aimed to determine selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with NC-HCC. METHODS Using the European Liver Transplant Registry, we identified 105 patients who underwent liver transplantation for unresectable NC-HCC. Detailed information about patient, tumor characteristics, and survival was obtained from the transplant centers. Variables associated with survival were identified using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Liver transplantation was primary treatment in 62 patients and rescue therapy for intrahepatic recurrences after liver resection in 43. Median number of tumors was 3 (range 1-7) and median tumor size 8 cm (range 0.5-30). One- and 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates were 84% and 49% and 76% and 43%, respectively. Macrovascular invasion (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.86), lymph node involvement (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.28), and time interval between liver resection and transplantation < 12 months (HR 2.12, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.67) were independently associated with survival. Five-year survival in patients without macrovascular invasion or lymph node involvement was 59% (95% CI 47-70%). Tumor size was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest reported series of patients transplanted for NC-HCC. Selection of patients without macrovascular invasion or lymph node involvement, or patients ≥ 12months after previous liver resection, can result in 5-year survival rates of 59%. In contrast to HCC in cirrhosis, tumor size is not a predictor of post-transplant survival in NC-HCC.
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Generation of a mouse model for studying the role of upregulated RTEL1 activity in tumorigenesis. Transgenic Res 2012; 21:1109-15. [PMID: 22238064 PMCID: PMC3432790 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of telomere length 1 (RTEL1) is a DNA helicase protein that has been demonstrated to be required for the maintenance of telomere length and genomic stability. It has also been found to be essential for DNA homologous recombination during DNA repairing. Human RTEL1 genomic locus (20q13.3) is frequently amplified in multiple types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal tract tumors, indicating that upregulated RTEL1 activity could be important for tumorigenesis. In this study, we have developed a conditional transgenic mouse model that overexpress mouse Rtel1 in a Cre-excision manner. By crossing with a ubiquitous Cre mouse line, we further demonstrated that these established Rtel1 conditional transgenic mice allow to efficiently and highly express a functional Rtel1 that is able to rescue the embryonic defects of Rtel1 null mouse allele. Furthermore, we demonstrated that more than 70% transgenic mice that widely overexpress Rtel1 developed liver tumors that recapitulate many malignant features of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our work not only generated a valuable mouse model for determining the role of RTEL1 in the development of cancers, but also provided the first genetic evidence to support that amplification of RTEL1, as observed in several types of human cancers, is tumorigenic.
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Laser microdissection for gene expression study of hepatocellular carcinomas arising in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 755:233-44. [PMID: 21761308 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-163-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Laser microdissection (LMD) is a robust well-established technology for the isolation of chosen cell populations from surrounding tissues and cells. This technique is particularly useful to minimize bias inherent in the molecular analysis of highly heterogeneous whole tissue sections. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of mRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in cirrhotic liver and compare it to the pattern of expression in HCC arising from non-cirrhotic liver. The expression profiles of the tumors were also compared to that of the surrounding liver (either cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic) from the same patient. In addition, the expression pattern of each of the four tissues were compared to normal hepatic tissue. Samples of HCC tissue and surrounding cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic parenchyma were collected at the time of resection or liver transplantation. The samples were snap frozen and stored at -80 °C. The snap frozen samples were then cryosectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for LMD. Hepatocytes from each sample were collected using the Leica LMD instrument. The RNA was extracted according to standard methodology and amplified. Microarray analysis was performed using the Affymetrix human genome array platform. The resulting microarray data were analyzed using Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5.0 (MAS 5.0). Results were displayed using Genespring, dChip, SAM, and GenMapp/MAPP Finder software. Validation studies on selected genes and proteins were performed utilizing RT-PCR and immunohistologic techniques.
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46
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Huang Q, Lin B, Liu H, Ma X, Mo F, Yu W, Li L, Li H, Tian T, Wu D, Shen F, Xing J, Chen ZN. RNA-Seq analyses generate comprehensive transcriptomic landscape and reveal complex transcript patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26168. [PMID: 22043308 PMCID: PMC3197143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq is a powerful tool for comprehensive characterization of whole transcriptome at both gene and exon levels and with a unique ability of identifying novel splicing variants. To date, RNA-seq analysis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported. In this study, we performed transcriptome analyses for 10 matched pairs of cancer and non-cancerous tissues from HCC patients on Solexa/Illumina GAII platform. On average, about 21.6 million sequencing reads and 10.6 million aligned reads were obtained for samples sequenced on each lane, which was able to identify >50% of all the annotated genes for each sample. Furthermore, we identified 1,378 significantly differently expressed genes (DEGs) and 24, 338 differentially expressed exons (DEEs). Comprehensive function analyses indicated that cell growth-related, metabolism-related and immune-related pathways were most significantly enriched by DEGs, pointing to a complex mechanism for HCC carcinogenesis. Positional gene enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were most significantly enriched at chromosome 8q21.3–24.3. The most interesting findings were from the analysis at exon levels where we characterized three major patterns of expression changes between gene and exon levels, implying a much complex landscape of transcript-specific differential expressions in HCC. Finally, we identified a novel highly up-regulated exon-exon junction in ATAD2 gene in HCC tissues. Overall, to our best knowledge, our study represents the most comprehensive characterization of HBV-related HCC transcriptome including exon level expression changes and novel splicing variants, which illustrated the power of RNA-seq and provided important clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC pathogenesis at system-wide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hanqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang–California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (Z-NC)
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (Z-NC)
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Abstract
Emerging clinical evidence shows that the deregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of oncogene products or tumour suppressors is likely to be involved in the aetiology of carcinomas and leukaemias. Recent studies have indicated that some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins (one of the subfamilies of the RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases) function as important regulators for carcinogenesis. This Review focuses on TRIM proteins that are involved in tumour development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Animal Experimentation, and Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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El-Bendary M, Elalfy H, Zalata K. Predictors of hepatocyte proliferative activity in chronic hepatitis B and C vs. steatohepatitis as assessed by the monoclonal antibody MIB1-Ki-67. Arab J Gastroenterol 2011; 12:119-24. [PMID: 22055588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Chronic hepatitis is characterised by increased regenerative cell proliferation, a process that makes cells more susceptible to gene mutations and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Evaluation of the proliferative index could be a useful tool for identifying patients at risk for HCC. The current study was planned to evaluate hepatocyte proliferation in predominant causes of chronic liver disease in an attempt to investigate predictors of proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 84 patients with chronic liver diseases, and they were classified into three groups: chronic hepatitis C (50 patients), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (20 patients) and chronic hepatitis B (14 patients). All cases were investigated by liver function tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), routine abdominal ultrasound and liver biopsy with detection of the proliferative index using the monoclonal antibody MIBI-Ki-67. RESULTS The proliferative index was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis C group than in the chronic hepatitis B group (P value=0.007). There were significant correlations of the Ki-67 index in both zone 1 and zones 2 and 3 with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histological activity index (HAI) score. Using the multiple regression analysis on the variables affecting proliferation, it was found that predictors of zone 1 proliferation were the following variables: ALT, age, AST and aetiological factor, in that order. CONCLUSION HCV aetiology had significantly higher proliferation index, whereas NASH had the least. Increased HAI score is associated with higher proliferative index in either zone 1 or zones 2 and 3. Predictors of proliferation index in zone 1 were ALT, age, AST and aetiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine Unit, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Wang J, Chen L, Li Y, Guan XY. Overexpression of cathepsin Z contributes to tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24967. [PMID: 21966391 PMCID: PMC3178578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the oncogenic function and mechanism of Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) at 20q13.3, a frequently amplified region in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Real-time PCR were used to compare CTSZ expression between paired HCC tumor and non-tumor specimens. CTSZ gene was stably transfected into HCC line QGY-7703 cells and its role in tumorigenicity and cell motility was characterized by soft agar, wound-healing, transwell invasion and cell adhesion assay, and tumor xenograft mouse model. Western blot analysis was used to study expression of proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Upregulation of CTSZ was detected in 59/137 (43%) of primary HCCs, which was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.000). Functional study found that CTSZ could increase colony formation in soft agar and promote cell motility. Further study found that the metastatic effect of CTSZ was associated with its role in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating mesenchymal markers (fibronectin and vimentin) and downregulating epithelial markers (E-cadherin and α-catenin). In addition, CTSZ could also upregulate proteins associated with extracellular matrix remodeling such as MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9. Taken together, our data suggested that CTSZ was a candidate oncogene within the 20q13 amplicon and it played an important role in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dong H, Zhang H, Liang J, Yan H, Chen Y, Shen Y, Kong Y, Wang S, Zhao G, Jin W. Digital karyotyping reveals probable target genes at 7q21.3 locus in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:60. [PMID: 21767414 PMCID: PMC3152898 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide malignant liver tumor with high incidence in China. Subchromosomal amplifications and deletions accounted for major genomic alterations occurred in HCC. Digital karyotyping was an effective method for analyzing genome-wide chromosomal aberrations at high resolution. METHODS A digital karyotyping library of HCC was constructed and 454 Genome Sequencer FLX System (Roche) was applied in large scale sequencing of the library. Digital Karyotyping Data Viewer software was used to analyze genomic amplifications and deletions. Genomic amplifications of genes detected by digital karyotyping were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression level of these genes in tumorous and paired nontumorous tissues was also detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A total of 821,252 genomic tags were obtained from the digital karyotyping library of HCC, with 529,162 tags (64%) mapped to unique loci of human genome. Multiple subchromosomal amplifications and deletions were detected through analyzing the digital karyotyping data, among which the amplification of 7q21.3 drew our special attention. Validation of genes harbored within amplicons at 7q21.3 locus revealed that genomic amplification of SGCE, PEG10, DYNC1I1 and SLC25A13 occurred in 11 (21%), 11 (21%), 11 (21%) and 23 (44%) of the 52 HCC samples respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of SGCE, PEG10 and DYNC1I1 were significantly up-regulated in tumorous liver tissues compared with corresponding nontumorous counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that subchromosomal region of 7q21.3 was amplified in HCC, and SGCE, PEG10 and DYNC1I1 were probable protooncogenes located within the 7q21.3 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China.
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