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Pirš B, Vengušt E, Bokal Vrtačnik E. Characterising umbilical abdominal wall endometriosis as a distinct subgroup of abdominal wall endometriosis - retrospective cohort study. HUM FERTIL 2024; 27:2309389. [PMID: 38321838 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2024.2309389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is one of the rarest forms of endometriosis. Little is known about differences between umbilical AWE (U-AWE) and non-umbilical AWE (non-U-AWE) patients. This retrospective cohort study included patients treated for AWE at tertiary endometriosis centre between 2012 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups - umbilical AWE and non-umbilical AWE.We identified 14 U-AWE and 45 non-U-AWE patients who mostly had lesions in caesarean section scar (38, 64.4%), rarely at other locations (7, 11.9%). Infertility rates for U-AWE patients and non-U-AWE patients were 57.1% and 17.8%, respectively. Concurrent or previous peritoneal endometriosis was noted in 85.7% of U-AWE and 24.4% of non-U- AWE patients. In addition, U-AWE patients and non-UAWE patients significantly differed in following: parity, number of previous caesarean sections, lesion size, prevalence of concurrent or previous deep infiltrating endometriosis, bleeding from abdominal wall, cyclic pain, continuous pain.Infertility and pelvic endometriosis were more prevalent in U-AWE patients. Our data suggests that U-AWE may be a specific marker for a patient highly prone to pelvic endometriosis and subsequent infertility. Findings suggests that clinician should consider comprehensive evaluation of U-AWE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Pirš
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Vengušt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eda Bokal Vrtačnik
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Razakamanantsoa L, Bodard S, Najdawi M, Dabi Y, Bendifallah S, Touboul C, Lehrer R, Agbonon R, Di Giuseppe R, Barral M, Bazot M, Brun JL, Roman H, Marcelin C, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cornelis FH. Surgical and Percutaneous Image-guided Therapies of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: a Systematic Review of Current Evidence. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024:S1553-4650(24)00266-8. [PMID: 38901689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite various surgical and non-surgical strategies for abdominal wall endometriosis, the lack of definitive guidance on optimal treatment choice leads to clinical uncertainty. This review scrutinizes the safety and efficacy of abdominal wall endometriosis treatments to aid in decision-making. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from 1947 until December 2023. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION A comprehensive literature search identified studies that assessed both surgical and nonsurgical interventions, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA). This review is registered in NIHR-PROSPERO (CRD 42023494969). Local tumor control (LTC), local pain relief (LPR) and adverse events (AE) were recorded. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS This review included 51 articles among 831 identified. All study designs were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 2,674 patients are included: 2,219 patients (83%) undergoing surgery, and 455 (17%) undergoing percutaneous interventions (342 HIFU, 103 cryoablation, 1 RFA, 9 MWA). Follow-up length was 18 months in median, ranging from 1 to 235 months. Overall LTC rates ranged from 86% to 100%. Surgical interventions consistently demonstrated the highest rate of LTC with a median rate of 100%, and LPR with a median rate of 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.9-97.7). HIFU showed median LTC and LPR rates, respectively of 95.65% (95% CI, 87.7-99.9) and 76.1% (95% CI, 61.8-90.4); and cryoablation of 85.7% (95% CI, 66.0-99.9) and 79.2% (95% CI, 67.4-91.03). Minor AE were reported after surgery in 17.5% of patients (225/1284) including 15.9% (199/1284) of mesh implantation; 76.4% (239/313) after HIFU; and 8.7 % (9/103) after cryoablation. Severe AE were reported in 25 patients in the surgery group and 1 in the percutaneous group. CONCLUSION The safety profile and efficacy of nonsurgical interventions support their clinical utility for management of abdominal wall endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Razakamanantsoa
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Bodard
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Milan Najdawi
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- American Hospital of Paris, Department of Gynecology, 40 rue Chauveau, 92200, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- Sorbonne University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Lehrer
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Remi Agbonon
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Di Giuseppe
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Matthias Barral
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Marc Bazot
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brun
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Horace Roman
- Franco-European Multidisciplinary Endometriosis Institute, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos (Drs. Boulus, Merlot, Chanavaz-Lacheray, Dennis, and Roman), Bordeaux, France; Franco-European Multidisciplinary Endometriosis Institute Middle East Clinic (Drs. Merlot, Kade, and Roman), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Dr. Roman), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Clement Marcelin
- Department of Radiology, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Thomassin-Naggara
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Deng P, Weng C, Xu J, Nie H. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis: A case report and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024. [PMID: 38880948 DOI: 10.1111/jog.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis, affecting 6%-10% of women of reproductive age, can lead to severe symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Among its rarer manifestations is abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), which has been increasingly reported following cesarean deliveries. This case discusses a 39-year-old woman who presented with a 13-year history of cyclical pain at her cesarean section scar, exacerbated over the last year by the development of a painful abdominal mass. Medical evaluations indicated endometriosis at the scar, with further investigations including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showing involvement of the rectus abdominis muscle. Elevated tumor markers HE4 and CA-125, along with a biopsy, confirmed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent extensive surgical treatment, including the resection of the mass, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Pathology confirmed moderately differentiated infiltrative adenocarcinoma originating from endometriosis. Despite the absence of postoperative chemotherapy, the patient showed no recurrence, emphasizing the effectiveness of comprehensive surgical management. This case highlights the critical importance of recognizing the potential for malignant transformation in AWE, particularly following cesarean deliveries, and underscores the necessity for vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. The management of AWE, especially when malignant transformation is suspected, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach similar to that used in ovarian cancer, focusing on rigorous surgical intervention and the potential for adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxia Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chongrong Weng
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huilong Nie
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Marcelin C, Maas P, Jambon E, Maaloum R, Andreo IM, Le Bras Y, Roman H, Grenier N, Brun JL, Cornelis FH. Long-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10689-5. [PMID: 38512491 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the long-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). METHOD The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective observational review of 40 consecutive patients, of a median age of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 32-40 years), presenting with a total of 52 symptomatic AWE nodules. All patients underwent cryoablation between January 2013 and May 2022 with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that measured pain, as well as by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pain-free survival rates were derived using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Adverse events were analyzed and graded using the classification system of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 40.5 months (IQR 26.5-47.2 months). The median VAS score before cryoablation was 8 (IQR 7-9). Complete relief of symptoms was documented in 80% (32/40) of patients at 3 months after initial cryoablation and correlated with the absence of residual endometriosis nodules on MRI. The median pain-free survival rates were 89.2% [95% CI, 70.1-96.4%] at 36 months and 76.8% [95% CI, 55.3-83.8%] after 60 months. No patient or lesion characteristics were found to be prognostic of failure. No major adverse events or side effects were reported in long term. CONCLUSION Cryoablation safely and effectively afforded long-term pain relief for patients with AWE nodules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT AWE cryoablation was found to be safe and effective in the long-term. KEY POINTS • Cryoablation is highly effective with 80% of patients experiencing complete relief of AWE symptoms after a single procedure. • Cryoablation is safe without long-term adverse events or side effects. • The median pain-free survival rates are 89.2% at 36 months and 76.8% at 60 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Marcelin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Philippe Maas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva Jambon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rim Maaloum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Molina Andreo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Le Bras
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Horace Roman
- Clinique Tivoli- Ducos, Institut Franco-Européen Multidisciplinaire d'Endométriose (IFEMEndo), 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Grenier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brun
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service de gynécologie, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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5
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Bachour R, Sengmanivong N, Vidal F, Goumarre C, Lapègue F, Destombes L, Gandois HC, Gac YTL, Chantalat E, Capdet J, Blais D, Guenego A, Sans N, Bilfeld MF. Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: An analysis of 38 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging 2024:S2211-5684(24)00045-7. [PMID: 38467523 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation in the treatment of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight women treated for symptomatic AWE nodules with percutaneous cryoablation under ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) guidance between May 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively included. Pain was estimated using visual analog scale (VAS) and assessed at baseline, three months, six months, and 12 months after percutaneous cryoablation. Baseline VAS score, volume of AWE nodule and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of AWE nodules were compared to those obtained after percutaneous cryoablation. Major complications, if any, were noted. RESULTS Thirty-eight women with a median age of 35.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32, 39; range: 24-48 years) and a total of 60 AWE nodules were treated. Percutaneous cryoablation was performed under local or regional anesthesia in 30 women (30/38; 79%). Significant decreases between initial median VAS score (7; IQR: 6, 8; range: 3-10) and median VAS score after treatment at three months (0; IQR: 0, 5; range; 0-8) (P < 0.001), six months (0; IQR: 0, 1; range; 0-10) (P < 0.001) and 12 months (0; IQR: 0, 2; range: 0-7) (P < 0.001) were observed. Percutaneous cryoablation resulted in effective pain relief in 31 out of 38 women (82%) at six months and 15 out of 18 women (83%) at 12 months. Contrast-enhanced MRI at six-month follow-up showed a significant decrease in the volume of AWE nodules and the absence of AWE nodule enhancement after treatment by comparison with baseline MRI (P < 0.001). No major complications were reported. CONCLUSION Percutaneous cryoablation is an effective, minimally invasive intervention for the treatment of AWE nodules that conveys minimal or no morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafy Bachour
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Fabien Vidal
- Department of Gynecology, Clinique la Croix du Sud, 31130 Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - Céline Goumarre
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Lapègue
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Destombes
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Tanguy Le Gac
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérome Capdet
- Department of Gynecology Department, Clinique Rive Gauche, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Donatien Blais
- Department of Gynecology Department, Clinique Rive Gauche, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Sans
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Haghgoo A, Faegh A, Mostafavi SRS, Zamani HR, Ghahremani M. Inguinal endometriosis: a case series and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:83. [PMID: 38429816 PMCID: PMC10908077 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal endometriosis is one of the most common forms of endometriosis. The present study introduces 8 cases of inguinal endometriosis and discusses probable theories of inguinal endometriosis by reviewing the literature. CASE PRESENTATION 8 Iranian cases of inguinal endometriosis with a mean age of 36 years were presented. Catamenial groin pain and swelling were the most common complications. Also, patients usually had accompanying symptoms such as pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. One-half of patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery. Ultrasound was diagnostic in 4 patients (50%), and magnetic resonance imaging was used in two patients (25%). Among 6 patients who underwent hormonal therapy, 4 experienced an endometriosis size increase. Inguinal endometriosis was right-sided in 87.5% of patients, and among 4 patients who underwent surgery, 75% had proximal site involvement of the round ligament. CONCLUSION According to the rarity of inguinal endometriosis, it is more likely to be a misdiagnosis with other inguinal disorders such as inguinal hernia. Inguinal endometriosis should be considered in patients who undergo inguinal herniorrhaphy, with suspected findings such as thickening of the hernia sac wall, bloody fluid inside the sac, or thickening of the extraperitoneal round ligament during the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Haghgoo
- School of Medicine, Nikan Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Aqdasiyeh, Army Boulevard, 22nd Bahman Street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Faegh
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Zamani
- Department of Radiology, Imam Hossein Medical and Educational Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barat M, Dohan A, Kohi M, Marcelin C, Pelage JP, Denys A, Mafeld S, Kaufman CS, Soyer P, Cornelis FH. Treatment of adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma with interventional radiology: A review of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging 2024; 105:87-96. [PMID: 38065817 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Interventional radiology shows promises in the field of women's health, particularly in pelvic interventions. This review article discusses the latest advancements in interventional radiology techniques for pelvic conditions affecting women including adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Extraperitoneal endometriosis involving the abdominal wall may be treated by percutaneous thermal ablation, such as cryoablation, whereas uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be managed either using percutaneous thermal ablation or using uterine artery embolization. Continued research and development in interventional radiology will further enhance the minimally-invasive interventions available for women's health, improving outcomes and quality of life for this large patient population of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Barat
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Dohan
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maureen Kohi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clement Marcelin
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelage
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mafeld
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Claire S Kaufman
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3011, USA
| | - Philippe Soyer
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Triantafyllidou O, Mili N, Kalampokas T, Vlahos N, Kalampokas E. Surgical management of abdominal wall sheath and rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis: a case report and literature review. Front Surg 2024; 10:1335931. [PMID: 38274352 PMCID: PMC10808685 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1335931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, mainly affects the pelvic viscera and peritoneum. Endometriosis can also occur at sites of surgical incisions on the abdominal wall, mainly in women with a history of cesarean section (CS). The incidence of abdominal wall endometriosis after CS reaches 1%. Clinical suspicion, along with imaging, plays a crucial role in diagnosis. The preferred treatment involves extensive surgical excision with clear margins, ensuring a definitive diagnosis through histopathology examination. Case presentation This case report is of a 44-year-old woman with a history of two CS procedures who developed pain and pigmentation at the incisional site one year after the last CS. Thirteen years after the surgical excision of an abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) mass, followed by hormone therapy, she presented in our hospital with worsening pain for further management. Pelvic MRI findings were consistent with AWE. During surgery, the abdominal wall endometriosis foci were removed, and the defect in the aponeurosis was repaired using a dual-sided mesh in a tension-free procedure. Conclusion Although AWE is a rare condition, we foresee an increase in cases because of the ever-increasing CS rates and the important association between AWE and CS. Healthcare practitioners should remain vigilant for this condition in women of reproductive age who exhibit cyclic pain, a palpable mass in the abdomen, and a background of previous uterine surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emmanouil Kalampokas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Davis DM, Rasheid SH, Boucher ZH, Burgueno-Vega DA, Molina MA. Endometrioma Within the Anterior Abdominal Wall Causing Cyclic Abdominal Pain. Am Surg 2023; 89:3911-3912. [PMID: 37177808 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231175122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesions from endometriosis contain endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The lesions occur in the pelvis but are also found in the bowel, diaphragm, and pleural cavity. Endometriosis within the extraperitoneal abdominal wall is rare, though, and usually within c-section scars (incidence is .03%-.5%). The typical triad includes: mass in the abdominal wall, cyclical pain, and history of previous abdominal surgery. We present the case of a 28-year-old female with a past history of cesarean section and obesity (BMI = 31) who presented with approximately 3 years of abdominal pain which was "waxing and waning" in severity depending on her menstrual cycle. Multiple doctors and US imaging did not reveal a diagnosis. During consultation, she had a palpable 3 cm mass several centimeters above and right of her abdominal incision. She underwent a CT showing an inflamed subcutaneous mass abutting her anterior rectus sheath. She underwent wide excision which confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioma. This case demonstrates the need for good history and physical exam skills, as well as proficiency in reviewing radiographic imaging. Due to habitus and pain, the physical exam was difficult. However, there was a firm mass upon deep palpation. Her initial imaging was "negative," but review of the images revealed only intraperitoneal views and further imaging revealed the mass. There must be high clinical suspicion for this disease because failure to remove all tissue (including the surrounding fibrosis and desmoplastic tissue) or biopsy can lead to spread of residual endometrial cells and recurrence.
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Najdawi M, Razakamanantsoa L, Mousseaux C, Bendifallah S, Touboul C, Thomassin-Naggara I, Bazot M, Barral M, Cornelis FH. Resolution of Pain after Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Extraperitoneal Endometriosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1192-1198. [PMID: 37003579 PMCID: PMC10625427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the relief of pain after percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of symptomatic extraperitoneal endometriosis (EE). MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2017 to 2022, cryoablation of EE was performed at a single institution on a total of 47 lesions in 42 consecutive patients (median age, 37 years; interquartile range [IQR], 33-39.5 years). Patient and procedural characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Tolerance and outcomes in terms of pain and patient satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 13.5 months (IQR, 1.1-37.7 months) after cryoablation. The median pain-free survival rate was 93.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.3-98.4) at 6 months and 82.7% (95% CI, 58.8-93.5) after 12 months. Pain decreased from a median of 8/10 (IQR, 7-9) on the visual analog scale to 0/10 (IQR, 0-1) at the last follow-up (P < .0001). The median Patient Global Impression of Change score recorded at the last follow-up was 1/7 (IQR, 1-2). The efficacy rate of cryoablation to avoid secondary surgery was 92.8% (39/42) per patient and 93.6% (44/47) per nodule treated. Four patients (9.5%, 4/42) experienced an adverse event in the days following the procedure, and 1 patient (2%) experienced a severe adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cryoablation is safe and effective in significantly reducing pain and obtaining local control of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Najdawi
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Leo Razakamanantsoa
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mousseaux
- Department of Nephrology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- Department of Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- Department of Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Bazot
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Barral
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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11
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Seckin KD, Kadirogullari P. Is dienogest a convenient treatment option for cesarean scar endometriosis or should it be treated surgically? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 282:110-115. [PMID: 36706661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endometriosis-related conditions such as subcutaneous endometriosis have been frequently seen in recent years, and dienogest or surgical excision is generally preferred as a treatment option. Our aim in this study is to determine which treatment option will be more effective in reducing the symptoms of patients with cesarean scar endometriosis. Study design This prospective study was performed with 21 patients diagnosed with cesarean scar endometriosis. The demographic features of the patients, lesion sizes before and after medical and surgical treatment, VAS scores and Ca-125 levels were recorded. VAS scores and lesion sizes were compared before-after medical treatment and before-after surgery in same group. RESULTS A total of 18 women were identified, with a mean age of 32.3 ± 5.7 years. No significant decrease in lesion size was observed in the 1st and 6th-month controls after the use of dienogest (p > 0,05), while a significant decrease in VAS scores was detected (p < 0,05). After surgery, the decrease in both lesion size and VAS scores was found statistically significant (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION Dienogest, which is frequently used in the medical treatment of pelvic and ovarian endometriosis, reduces pain minimally in cesarean scar endometriosis but does not provide a change in lesion size. Therefore, surgical treatment of cesarean scar endometriosis seems to be more effective in reducing pain and decreasing the size of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Doga Seckin
- Istinye University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Kadirogullari
- Acıbadem University Atakent Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Yang E, Chen GD, Liao YH. Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis: A Case Report and review of the literature. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:155-157. [PMID: 36720530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present a case of spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis presenting as a painless nodular mass in a woman with no prior history of abdominal surgery. CASE REPORT Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is an uncommon form of endometriosis, usually arising due to a past history of cesarean section or abdominal hysterectomy. However, in rare cases, abdominal wall endometriosis can arise in women with no prior history of abdominal surgery. A 48-year-old woman presented to our obstetrics and gynecology clinic with a painless nodular mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal wall ultrasound showed a hypoechoic heterogenous mass under the skin. Wide surgical resection of the mass was conducted and post-operative histopathological report revealed abdominal wall endometriosis. CONCLUSION Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis is an uncommon pathologic condition in which accurate diagnosis is difficult. As an increasing number of obstetrical and gynecological procedures are conducted worldwide, surgeons should keep this clinical entity in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal mass in reproductive-aged females regardless of their past surgical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Den Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Wu Y, Dai Y, Zhang J, Li X, Shi J, Gu Z, Zhang J, Leng J. The clinical features and long-term surgical outcomes of different types of abdominal wall endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:163-168. [PMID: 35482067 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To classify abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) according to the invasive levels of tissue mass, and to compare the differences in clinical characteristics between different types of AWE. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 367 patients who had undergone resection of abdominal-wall endometriotic lesions at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018, and we divided the patients into three types according to their deepest level of lesion invasion. Type I designated invasion of skin and subcutaneous tissue; type II, of fascia and rectus abdominis; and type III, of peritoneum. We classified, compared, and analyzed the general conditions, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, surgical conditions, postoperative conditions, and recurrence status of patients. RESULTS Of the 367 patients, type I patients accounted for 13.62%, type II patients for 56.68%, and type III for 29.7%. With respect to group comparisons, we observed that as the location of the mass deepened, the rate of concurrent pelvic endometriosis increased (P = 0.007), recurrent AWE was augmented (P = 0.02), the size of the mass increased (P < 0.001), the rate of multiple lesions became elevated (P < 0.001), the rate of mesh implantation increased (P < 0.001), the length of postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001) was lengthened, the number of postoperative fever cases (P = 0.006) increased, and the risk of drainage placement (P < 0.001) was enhanced. The 5-year cumulative recurrence rate was 3.3%, and there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate among various types of AWE. CONCLUSION Type III AWE carries more severe clinical manifestations, larger lesion size, longer operative time, greater intraoperative surgical difficulty, higher necessity of mesh implantation, and longer postoperative recovery process. Complete resection of AWE lesion is the main therapeutically approach and shows relatively low long-term recurrency rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyue Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Poudel D, Acharya K, Dahal S, Adhikari A. A case of scar endometriosis in cesarean scar: A rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 102:107852. [PMID: 36584626 PMCID: PMC9827051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scar endometriosis is a rare entity characterized by presence of functional endometrial tissue in the site of surgical scar. Cesarean section scar is the most common reported site. We herein report a case of cesarean scar endometriosis in a 43-years-old female patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 43 year old female, with history of lower segment cesarean section 8 years back, presented to our center with complains of pain and palpable lump during menstruation, at the site of cesarean scar. On ultrasonography she was said to have some pathology in her previous surgical scar site. On MRI, a soft tissue mass measuring 25 × 35 mm within the subcutaneous tissue of anterior abdominal wall on the left side was seen. She was planned for surgical removal of the tissue. DISCUSSION Scar endometriosis is a rare entity. The iatrogenic implantation of the hormone sensitive endometrial tissue into the edge of the wound during surgery best explains its occurrence. They usually present as a painful nodule in the site of surgical scar that undergoes cyclic variation with the menstrual cycle. Diagnosis can be confirmed by radiography. Treatment options can be medical and surgical, the latter being more effective and the preferred one. CONCLUSION Scar endometriosis often mimics with variety of clinical conditions, so high degree of suspicion is necessary. Efforts should be aimed at minimizing the transfer of endometrial tissue into the subcutaneous area. Gloves replacement prior to closure can avoid the implantation of endometrial tissue into the abdominal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptee Poudel
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kshitiz Acharya
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | - Ashmita Adhikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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15
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Balaban M, Cilengir AH, Idilman IS. The ultrasonography, colour Doppler ultrasonography and sonoelastography findings of scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3218-3223. [PMID: 35959807 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate ultrasonography (US), colour Doppler US (CDUS) and sonoelastography (SEL) findings of histopathologically proven abdominal wall scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases. A total of 24 female patients with scar endometriosis were included. Lesion size, volume, echogenicity, solid/cystic or complex appearance, contour and location on US, vascularisation on CDUS, and elasticity on SEL were recorded in both menstrual and ovulatory phases. Hypoechoic heterogeneous lesions with increased peripheral echogenicity were observed in all lesions. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) volume of the lesions in the menstrual and ovulatory phases of the lesions was 4.36 ± 3.01 cm3 and 4.63 ± 7.61 cm3 (p = .316). The mean ± SD resistive index values on CDUS in the menstrual and ovulatory phases were 0.96 ± 0.09 and 0.97 ± 0.07, respectively (p = .667). The SEL examination demonstrated a hard coding pattern in all cases with no statistically significant difference between menstrual and ovulatory phases (p = .176). We found no significant difference in terms of US, CDUS and SEL findings of scar endometriosis in comparison with menstrual phases which suggests there is no need to evaluate the patient in a specific menstrual phase.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Scar endometriosis is the endometriosis located at the abdominal wall around the scar area with a very rare incidence. The typical sonographic findings of scar endometriosis are a hypoechoic solid mass with irregular contours. High resistive index on colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and hard coding pattern on sonoelastography (SEL) are seen in the lesion.What do the results of this study add? This is the first study that evaluates sonographic features of scar endometriosis lesions in the menstrual phase. We found that scar endometriosis lesions did not have a significant difference in terms of B-mode US, CDUS and SEL in menstrual and ovulatory phases.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our findings suggest that there is no need to evaluate the patient in a specific menstrual phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Balaban
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ilkay S Idilman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Chauhan S, More A, Chauhan V, Kathane A. Endometriosis: A Review of Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pathogenesis. Cureus 2022; 14:e28864. [PMID: 36225394 PMCID: PMC9537113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a condition that affects women of reproductive age, and it is distinguished by the development of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is frequently accompanied by persistent pelvic discomfort and infertility. This investigation looks into recent findings on clinical manifestation to help doctors and improve women's health. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to review on clinical diagnosis of endometriosis. The search strategy contained the terms “endometriosis” and “clinical diagnosis.” All research articles published between 1960 and 2021 were included in the search. The findings were then categorized to summarize the evidence. There was a total of 29 instances of endometriosis discovered. The patients' ages varied from 20 to 45 years old, with a median of 28.8 years and a mean of 29.4±7.7 years. Dysmenorrhea is a common disorder among adolescent girls experiencing various physical and emotional symptoms which have a detrimental influence on their quality of life. In this study, scar endometriosis was shown to be the more common variety of endometriosis, with 50% of cases predominantly developing at the lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) scar site. As a result, women with endometriosis are more likely to have miscarriages, and the quality of their embryos declines as a result.
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17
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Abdominal Wall Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022; 49:369-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kim SJ, Choi SH, Won S, Shim S, Lee N, Kim M, Kim MK, Seong SJ, Kim ML. Cumulative Recurrence Rate and Risk Factors for Recurrent Abdominal Wall Endometriosis after Surgical Treatment in a Single Institution. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:446-451. [PMID: 35512747 PMCID: PMC9086694 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.5.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrent abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) after surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single gynecological surgery center between January 2004 and December 2020. Patients who were surgically treated and followed up for at least 6 months after surgery were selected. RESULTS Eighteen patients with pathologically diagnosed AWE were included in this study. The median follow-up duration was 22.5 months (range, 6-106). The median age was 37 years (range, 22-48), and 33.3% of the patients were nulliparous. Among the patients included in our study, 55.6% complained of a mass with cyclic pain, and 27.8% had a palpable mass. In addition, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrence with 17.5±9.7 months of mean time to recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates at 24 and 60 months after surgical treatment of AWE were 23.8% and 39.1%, respectively. There were no statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of AWE, including postoperative medical treatment. CONCLUSION The recurrence rate of AWE appears to be correlated with the follow-up duration. There was no statistically significant risk factor for the recurrence of AWE. Unlike ovarian endometriosis, postoperative hormonal treatment does not seem to lower the recurrence of AWE. The findings of the current study may help healthcare providers in counselling and managing patients with AWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Hyeon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyeon Won
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miseon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Ju Seong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Bahall V, De Barry L, Rampersad A. Clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis-a report on two cases and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:86. [PMID: 35292079 PMCID: PMC8922864 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometriosis is extremely rare. Clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma are the two most prevalent histological subtypes of malignant endometriosis. To date, approximately, thirty cases of clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis have been described worldwide. Case presentation We report two cases of clear cell carcinoma developing postoperatively in the anterior abdominal wall in women with a history of extensive endometriosis. Histopathology of the resected abdominal wall tumor demonstrated benign endometriosis contiguous with features of clear cell carcinoma. These histological features satisfied Sampson’s criteria which are required for diagnosing malignant endometriosis. Both patients were successfully managed with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery. Conclusion Clear cell carcinoma arising from the abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare, highly aggressive cancer with a propensity to recur or metastasize. Due to the limited publications on this clinical entity, there are no clearly established protocols regarding adjuvant treatment, and an evaluation of prognostic factors is lacking. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for malignant endometriosis of the abdominal wall, particularly in patients with an abdominal wall mass, prior abdominal surgery, and long-standing endometriosis. By presenting our case, we expect to raise awareness and study of this rare endometriosis-related neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bahall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Fernando General Hospital, South-West Regional Health Authority, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Lance De Barry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South-West Regional Health Authority, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Arlene Rampersad
- Department of Pathology, San Fernando General Hospital, South-West Regional Health Authority, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
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Dalkalitsis A, Salta S, Tsakiridis I, Dagklis T, Kalogiannidis I, Mamopoulos A, Daniilidis A, Athanasiadis A, Navrozoglou I, Paschopoulos M, Vatopoulou A, Kosmas I. Inguinal endometriosis: A systematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:24-33. [PMID: 35181041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inguinal endometriosis is a very rare entity with uncertain pathophysiology, that poses several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to summarize published literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Thus, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. An effort was made to numerically analyze all parameters included in case reports and retrospective analyses, as well. The typical and atypical features of this condition, investigations used, type of treatment and histopathology were recorded. More specifications about the surgical treatment, such as operations previously performed, type of surgery and treatment after surgery have been acknowledged. Other sites of endometriosis, the presence of pelvic endometriosis and the follow-up and recurrence have been also documented. Overall, the search yielded 61 eligible studies including 133 cases of inguinal endometriosis. The typical clinical presentation includes a unilateral inguinal mass, with or without catamenial pain. Transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound was typically used as the first line method of diagnosis. Groin incision and exploratory surgery was the treatment indicated by the majority of the authors, while excision of part of the round ligament was reported in about half of the cases. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were initiated in cases of coexisting endometriosis-related neoplasia. Inguinal recurrence or malignant transformation was rarely reported. The treatment of inguinal endometriosis is surgical and a long-term follow-up is needed. More research is needed on the effectiveness of suppressive hormonal therapy, recurrence rate and its relationship with endometriosis-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Dalkalitsis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and IVF Unit, Medical School, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Styliani Salta
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Haemophilia Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kalogiannidis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Mamopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iordanis Navrozoglou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and IVF Unit, Medical School, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and IVF Unit, Medical School, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Vatopoulou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kosmas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina State General Hospital G. Chatzikosta, Ioannina, Greece.
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21
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Hu S, Liu Y, Chen R, Xiao Z. Exploring the Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ultrasound-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Abdominal Wall Endometriosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819259. [PMID: 35242052 PMCID: PMC8886207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USg-HIFU) for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after USg-HIFU. Information on clinical characteristics of patients, MRI characteristics of lesions, and treatment outcomes were collected. Thirty AWE lesions in 29 patients were examined before HIFU treatment, while 27 patients were examined after treatment. The results of MRI and color doppler ultrasound before surgery, as well as the volume and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions before and after USg-HIFU treatment were compared. We also observed the clinical symptoms remission, recurrence, and ablation rates of the lesions in follow-up after HIFU treatment. RESULTS The locations of the 30 AWE lesions were identified by MRI before USg-HIFU treatment. Their sizes appeared larger on MRI than ultrasound (P < 0.05). A total of 27 lesions were evaluated by MRI after USg-HIFU treatment, of which 92.6% (25/27) lesions were of high or slightly high signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and 77.8% (21/27) lesions were of mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The mean ADC values of AWE lesions were 1.47 (1.20-1.59) × 10-3mm2/s and 1.86 (1.61-2.12) × 10-3mm2/s for pre-and post-HIFU treatment (P < 0.05). Patients with higher ablation rates (>50%) had a higher complete/partial remission rate than those with lower ablation rates (<50%), and had a lower recurrence rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MRI is a useful tool for identifying the location, size, and concurrent changes of AWE before and after USg-HIFU treatment, which is beneficial for follow-up monitoring and defining treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangying Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li SH, Sun HZ, Li WH, Wang SZ. Inguinal endometriosis: Ten case reports and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11406-11418. [PMID: 35071572 PMCID: PMC8717526 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment of inguinal endometriosis (IEM). CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients diagnosed with IEM at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2011 to 2019. Relevant features, symptoms, images, surgical treatment, hormonal therapy and follow-up were collected and discussed. A total of 10 cases of IEM diagnosed by surgery and pathology were characterized by a lesion on the right side (9/11); five patients had symptoms related to the menstrual cycle, and only 3 patients were clearly diagnosed before surgery. Ultrasonography was of little assistance in confirming the diagnosis, but magnetic resonance imaging showed specific, high-intensity patterns. Anatomically, most of the IEM lesions were located in the extraperitoneal ligament (10/11); nine patients had inguinal hernias (IH), five had concurrent or prior pelvic endometriosis, and four had infertility. The clinical results from extensive resection were satisfactory. CONCLUSION IEM is an extremely rare condition that can easily be misdiagnosed prior to surgery. A right IH may contribute to the formation of right-sided IEM, and extensive resection involving the round ligament and hernia sac is essential to prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Heng-Zi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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23
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Varshney B, Bharti JN, Satyendra BT, Singh P. Diagnosis of scar endometriosis on aspiration cytology and cellblock: Myth or reality. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:E92-E94. [PMID: 34787957 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It can occur both in the pelvic and extra pelvic regions. Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare type of extra pelvic endometriosis that occurs after surgery involving the uterus. In the post-cesarean section, the development of scar endometriosis is a rare event and the diagnosis of scar endometriosis is usually confirmed after surgical excision and histopathological examination. We present a case of an abdominal lump in a 26-year-old female with a myriad of clinical differential diagnoses, which was rendered a confirmed diagnosis of scar endometriosis with the help of fine-needle aspiration cytology and cell block aided with immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Varshney
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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24
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Bedell SM, Lyden GR, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Ferguson KK, Santilli A, Bush NR, Swan SH, McElrath TF, Nguyen RH. First- and Third-Trimester Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in the Development of Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010627. [PMID: 34682373 PMCID: PMC8536149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations are associated with the development of higher blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Participants were women without chronic hypertension who enrolled in The Infant Development and the Environment Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort conducted at four U.S. academic medical centers from 2010–2012. Prenatal records were reviewed to obtain blood pressure measurements and diagnoses of PIH (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, defined as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Complete-case analyses used multivariable linear and logistic regression for analysis of blood pressure measurements and PIH diagnoses, respectively. In the final dataset (N = 668), higher concentrations of first-trimester monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and third-trimester mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were significantly associated with a medical chart diagnosis of PIH. First-trimester mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and MEP along with the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) were each associated with increased systolic blood pressure across pregnancy. In conclusion, several phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with PIH and greater increases in systolic blood pressure across pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Bedell
- Department of Women’s Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Grace R. Lyden
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98145, USA;
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Ashley Santilli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55904, USA;
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Sud S, Buxi TBS, Sheth S, Ghuman SS. Endometriosis and Its Myriad Presentations: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Pictorial Review. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:193-202. [PMID: 34316127 PMCID: PMC8299511 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a major cause of infertility and pain in females in the reproductive age group. It is a result of ectopic functional endometrial cells outside the uterus. It consists of a spectrum of findings from superficial to deep implants initiating a fibrotic response and resulting in adhesions. Diagnosis of endometriosis is based on clinical history, noninvasive and invasive techniques. The final diagnosis is based on laparoscopy with histopathological confirmation. Ultrasonography is the first line of investigation, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in complex cases. MRI is a noninvasive, multiplanar technique that involves no radiation and provides excellent delineation of the disease process. As deep endometriosis has a similar low signal to adjacent normal organs, it can be easily overlooked by radiologists. They should be aware of the spectrum of diseases so as to provide a roadmap for the surgeons. A structured reporting system helps radiologists organize and standardize their reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sud
- Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Swapnil Sheth
- Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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26
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Figuier C, Montoriol PF, Pereira B, Chauvet P, Bourdel N, Canis M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: Is structure in imaging related to nodule localisation? A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/22840265211009643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Investigate the relationship between the structure of abdominal wall endometriotic nodules in MRI and their localisation in abdominal wall layers in order to better understand nodule origins. Design: Women who had an MRI prior to surgical treatment of an abdominal wall endometriotic nodule between 2005 and 2016. Population: Thirty-six patients including four patients with two nodules. Methods: MRI images were reviewed. Each nodule was analysed according to its structure (fibrous, cystic, mixed), localisation (subcutaneous fat, intra muscular, intermediary position), and size. Results: Forty nodules were analysed in MRI with no relationship found between localisation and nodule structure ( p = 0.48). 87.5% of mixed nodules were revealed to have a cystic superficial rim extending towards the subcutaneous fat layer. This finding suggests that the glandular part of the nodule is the active part of the disease from which nodule progression occurs. Intermediary and intramuscular nodules were respectively statistically larger than subcutaneous fat nodules indicating a relationship between nodule size and localisation (35 mm (22–53) vs 17 mm (17–23)) ( p = 0.03). Conclusion: Despite differences in environments surrounding the nodules, no significant relationship between nodule structure in imaging and abdominal wall localisation was found. Data from mixed nodules indicate however the possible role of nodule environment on structure and that the mechanism of nodule growth may be linked to development of cystic superficial rims, at the forefront of disease progression, abdominal wall nodules growing from deep to superficial. Studies are required to further investigate our findings and enable greater understanding of the origins of AWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Figuier
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Clermont Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Clinic Research and Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Pauline Chauvet
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Clermont Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Bourdel
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Clermont Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Canis
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Clermont Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
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27
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Stefanou SK, Tepelenis K, Stefanou CK, Gogos-Pappas G, Tsalikidis C, Vlachos K. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab055. [PMID: 33854758 PMCID: PMC8024042 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal wall endometriosis has an incidence of 0.3–1% of extrapelvic disease. Α 48-year-old female appeared in the emergency department with cellulitis in a lower midline incision. She had an endometrioma of the anterior abdominal wall removed 2 years ago. After 5 months, she underwent an open repair of an incisional hernia with a propylene mesh, which was unfortunately infected and removed 1 month later. Finally, in July 2019, she had her incisional hernia repaired with a biological mesh. Imaging modalities revealed a large mass below the umbilicus. Mass was punctured under ultrasound guidance. Cytology reported the recurrence of endometriosis. Pain and abdominal mass associating with menses were the two most typical symptoms. Wide local excision of the mass with at least 1 cm negative margins is the preferred treatment. Surgeons should maintain a high suspicion of the disease in reproductive women with circular pain, palpable abdominal mass and history of uterine-relating surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos K Stefanou
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Ioannina, G. Chatzikosta, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kostas Tepelenis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos K Stefanou
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Ioannina, G. Chatzikosta, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupoli, Alexandroupoli, Greece
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28
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Melnyk AI, Foley CE, Lee TT. Endometriosis of the Rectus Muscle: A Single-Center Experience and a Novel Laparoscopic Approach. J Gynecol Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Melnyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (UPMC), Magee–Women's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine E. Foley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (UPMC), Magee–Women's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ted T. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (UPMC), Magee–Women's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Matei AM, Draghici-Ionescu AM, Cioplea M, Zurac SA, Boda D, Serban I, Caruntu C, Ilie MA, Fekete GL. Skin endometriosis: A case report and review of the literature. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 33815605 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin endometriosis is a rare disease with variable clinical and histopathological characteristics that depend on hormonal stimuli. The skin is not a common location, as most cases of endometriosis involve pelvic sites, such as the ovaries, peritoneum and bowel. However, the most common extrapelvic site affected is the abdominal wall and this location of the disease is frequently associated with obstetric and gynecologic surgery. Here we report a case of skin endometriosis emerged as a painful subcutaneous nodule located near to the left side of an obstetrical surgery procedure scar. The patient affected was a woman in her reproductive age, with a history of right ovary endometriotic cyst laparoscopically removed and histologically confirmed as a primary endometriosis. Dermatologists should be aware of this condition in any woman with a painful lump located in the proximity of a pelvic surgery-induced scar. Its non-specific clinical appearance may confuse the clinician and may delay the diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Mariana Matei
- Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Physiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mirela Cioplea
- Department of Pathology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Andrada Zurac
- Department of Pathology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N.C. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania.,Dermatology Research Laboratory, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Serban
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Prof. N.C. Paulescu' National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Adriana Ilie
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gyula László Fekete
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Clinic, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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30
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Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120727. [PMID: 33371515 PMCID: PMC7767517 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Abdominal wall endometriosis, also known as scar endometriosis, is a rare condition that is becoming increasingly common. The recent rise in incidence is attributed primarily to the surge of cesarean births, figures that could be influenced in a positive manner considering the improvements brought towards the ultrasound diagnostic methods that have been made in recent years. Materials and Methods: Here we report the cases of two Caucasian women of 38- (G2P2) and 36-years old (G1P1), both subjected to an ultrasound examination due to a specific symptomatic panel reported during anamnesis. Independently of the current status, in the first patient, there were no reported symptom-specific associations with endometriosis, but she had a known history of mild hereditary thrombophilia; the second woman suffered from two conditions positively associated with endometriosis. Results: In both cases, abnormal structures were revealed, with the diagnostic(s) of endometriosis being histologically confirmed based on a set of features observed during the investigation. Conclusions: This paper aims to highlight the importance of reducing cesarean births and to consider the diagnosis of scar endometriosis in women with a history of obstetric or gynaecological surgeries who present with cyclic, recurrent abdominal pain.
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31
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Kumar RR. Spontaneous abdominal wall endometrioma: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 78:180-183. [PMID: 33359966 PMCID: PMC7758279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous abdominal wall endometrioma is a rare gynaecologic entity having diagnostic dilemmas. Our patient underwent wide excision with the repair of defect. There is no recurrence of disease at the one year follow up. MRI is the most appropriate preoperative diagnostic modality of choice, FNAC and medical management have limited roles. The Pathophysiology of Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis is still obscure with several theories. Surgery is the treatment of choice for abdominal wall endometrioma.
Introduction The abdominal wall is the commonest site of extra pelvic endometriosis (endometrioma), defined as the presence of functional endometrial gland and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) represents an ectopic functional endometrial tissue situated superficial to peritoneum in a scar less abdomen. Spontaneous AWE is rare, accounting for 20% of all abdominal wall endometriosis. It is unfamiliar to general surgeons because of a large number of potential pitfalls in its diagnosis. Clinical presentation and intervention We report a case of spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis (endometrioma) presenting to our general surgery clinic with a painful nodular mass in hypogastric area below umbilicus. The initial diagnosis was a desmoid tumour of the anterior abdominal wall. Pain was a remarkable complaint in our patient. Abdominal wall endometrioma was diagnosed by histopathology postoperatively. Excision planned, during operation, one mass was spotted and excised within healthy limits. Histopathology revealed: endometrial glands surrounded by mantle of endometrial stroma, few scattered hemosiderin laden macrophages and fibrous scar tissues. Our patient had no previous scar. She was discharged from hospital on 5th postoperative day uneventfully. (On account of uncontrolled DM and Hypertension). One year of follow up after the surgery, she is free from disease and no recurrence has been observed. Discussion Endometriosis is characterised by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity with the maximum prevalence reported in the 4th decade of life. Most cases of spontaneous endometriosis occur in a scar less abdomen. Multiple imaging techniques have been used and described for its diagnosis. The alleged aetiopathogenesis of spontaneous endometrioma is still debatable. It is usually diagnosed by the histopathology and the preferential treatment in cases of endometrioma is total excision of the mass. The hormonal therapy can be added to surgical excision if there is proven pelvic endometriosis. The surgical excision should be wide enough to prevent its recurrence. Conclusion Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis is an extremely rare gynaecological entity, accounts for 18–20% of all abdominal wall endometriosis. The diagnosis of abdominal wall endometrioma is hardly established prior to surgery. The triad: mass, pain and cyclic symptom aids in diagnosis, unfortunately cyclic symptom is not present in all cases (as in our case). Spontaneous abdominal wall endometrioma is usually diagnosed by high index of clinical suspicion and histopathology. The results of imaging techniques are nonspecific. It may pose a diagnostic dilemma due to its rarity and atypical presentation. The preferential treatment of choice is wide excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Surgery, DSP Main Hospital, J.M. Sengupta Road, Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur, 713205, West Bengal, India.
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32
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Hagi T, Nakamura T, Hasegawa T, Asanuma K, Sudo A. Cases of abdominal wall endometriosis distinguished from soft tissue tumors: A report of three cases. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 33149908 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue in sites outside the uterine cavity. It affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age. Concerning abdominal wall endometriosis, it is particularly rare with a reported incidence of 0.03-3.5%. Abdominal wall endometriosis may be misdiagnosed as soft tissue tumors. Patients are often referred to an orthopedic department, although this is not familiar to orthopedic surgeons. In the present report, we describe three women with abdominal painful mass who had previously undergone Caesarean section. The masses were associated with their menstrual cycle and existed proximal to the Caesarean section surgical scar. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed isointense or hyperintense to muscle on both T1- and T2-weighted images. All patients were suspected of suffering from abdominal wall endometriosis, and were treated with complete surgical resection and developed no recurrence. The pathological findings confirmed endometrial gland and endometrial stroma features. Clinical symptoms and medical history play an important role in the diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis in addition to radiological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie 5148507, Japan
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33
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Hirata T, Koga K, Osuga Y. Extra-pelvic endometriosis: A review. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:323-333. [PMID: 33071634 PMCID: PMC7542014 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extra‐pelvic endometriosis is a rare type of endometriosis, which occurs in a distant site from gynecological organs. The diagnosis of extra‐pelvic endometriosis can be extremely challenging and may result in a delay in diagnosis. The main objective of this review was to characterize abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) and thoracic endometriosis (TE). Methods The authors performed a literature search to provide an overview of AWE and TE, which are the major types of extra‐pelvic endometriosis. Main findings Abdominal wall endometriosis includes scar endometriosis secondary to the surgical wound and spontaneous AWE, most of which occur in the umbilicus or groin. Surgical treatment appeared to be effective for AWE. Case reports indicated that the diagnosis and treatment of catamenial pneumothorax or endometriosis‐related pneumothorax (CP/ERP) are challenging, and a combination of surgery and postoperative hormonal therapy is essential. Further, catamenial hemoptysis (CH) can be adequately managed by hormonal treatment, unlike CP/ERP. Conclusion Evidence‐based approaches to diagnosis and treatment of extra‐pelvic endometriosis remain immature given the low prevalence and limited quality of research available in the literature. To gain a better understanding of extra‐pelvic endometriosis, it would be advisable to develop a registry involving a multidisciplinary collaboration with gynecologists, general surgeons, and thoracic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Doai Kinen Hospital Sumida-ku Japan.,Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Najdawi M, Ben Ammar M, Nouri-Neuville M, Barral M, Kermarrec É, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cornelis FH. Cryoablation percutanée de l’endométriose en radiologie interventionnelle. IMAGERIE DE LA FEMME 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.femme.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abdominal wall mass suspected of endometriosis: clinical and pathologic features. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 63:357-362. [PMID: 32489981 PMCID: PMC7231946 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2020.63.3.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of lower anterior abdominal wall masses suspicious for endometriosis. Methods A retrospective review of 38 patients who underwent surgery for a lower anterior abdominal wall mass suspicious for endometriosis was performed. Those with skin and intraperitoneal masses, lipomas, hernias, and metastatic malignant masses were excluded. Patient age, body mass index, delivery history, dysmenorrhea, and mass size and location were analyzed. Results Thirty-seven (97.3%) patients had a relevant surgical history, including 35 (92.1%) with a history of cesarean section (C/S). Among the three patients with no history of C/S, 1 underwent total abdominal and another total laparoscopic hysterectomy, and 1 had no previous surgical history. The mean (±standard deviation) size of the abdominal masses was 3.2±1.2 cm. One patient developed a recurrent mass after excision of abdominal wall endometriosis. Trocar site endometrioma was found in one patient following total laparoscopic hysterectomy. According to the final pathology reports, endometriosis was found in 35 (92.1%) of patients. The remaining 3 patients (7.9%) had malignancy: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Before surgery, only 3 patients (7.9%) underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the masses, which were all postoperatively confirmed to be pathologically benign. Conclusion Although most abdominal wall masses in the present sample were endometriosis occurring at the scar site from a previous operation, 7.9% of patients ultimately exhibited malignancy. Therefore, all patients with suspected anterior wall endometriosis should undergo preoperative biopsy to identify the few that will have an alternative diagnosis.
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Zihni İ, Karaköse O, Özçelik KÇ, Pülat H, Eroğlu HE, Bozkurt KK. Endometriosis within the inguinal hernia sac. Turk J Surg 2020; 36:113-116. [PMID: 32637884 DOI: 10.5578/turkjsurg.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of histologically normal endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Endometriotic implants are usually located in the pelvic organs, but they have been described in almost every location of the female body. It may also be present after cesarean section or other gynecological operations. In this study, we reported a rare case of endometriosis located in an indirect inguinal hernia sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Zihni
- Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Oktay Karaköse
- Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kazım Çağlar Özçelik
- Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Pülat
- Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erol Eroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kürşat Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Bridging Acellular Dermal Matrix in Abdominal Wall Repair following Radical Resection of Recurrent Endometrioma. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2603. [PMID: 32095407 PMCID: PMC7015587 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The patient is a 31-year-old woman with a history of prior resection of a presumed keloid scar around her Pfannenstiel incision found to be endometrial tissue on final pathology. She presented 5 years later with recurrence of pain and a mass associated with menses despite maximal medical therapy for endometriosis. Computed tomography of her abdomen and pelvis demonstrated an infiltrative soft tissue mass measuring 8.8 cm × 4.0 cm. Surgical oncology conducted an en bloc resection of the mass and obstetrics and gynecology performed a concomitant total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Plastic and reconstructive surgery completed the repair of the final 23 cm × 10 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect with bridging biologic mesh, complex layered closure, and incisional negative-pressure wound therapy. Final pathology confirmed a diagnosis of endometriosis. Patient’s hospital course was uncomplicated, and follow-up at 6 months does not demonstrate clinical or radiographic evidence of bulge or hernia recurrence. Abdominal wall endometrioma is a well-documented occurrence in prior cesarean scars; plastic surgeons can contribute to a multidisciplinary approach in reconstruction when resection compromises abdominal wall integrity, necessitating expertise in complex repairs.
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38
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Fong KNY, Lau TWS, Mak CCC, Lui KW. Inguinal endometriosis: a differential diagnosis of right groin swelling in women of reproductive age. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/8/e229864. [PMID: 31451459 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported a case of right inguinal endometriosis in a 41-year-old woman with unremarkable surgical and gynaecological history. She presented with right groin swelling for a month since her last menstrual period. Clinically the swelling was first diagnosed as inguinal hernia and later histologically proven to be endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ka Wing Lui
- Department of Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
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39
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Abdominal Wall Endometrioma: A Diagnostic Enigma-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2019. [PMID: 31032131 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6831545.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal wall endometriomas are quite uncommon. They are usually misdiagnosed by both the surgeon and the gynaecologist. Awareness of the details of this rare condition is therefore essential for prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment. Introduction Endometriosis though a condition commonly seen in the pelvic region can also occur at extrapelvic sites giving rise to a diagnostic dilemma. Abdominal wall endometrioma is one such complex variant of extrapelvic endometriosis with an incidence of less than 2% following gynaecologic operations. Case Report A case of abdominal wall endometrioma diagnosed clinically and treated by wide surgical resection is presented to highlight the importance of clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of this condition. Discussion The etiopathogenesis, presentation, investigations, and management are discussed briefly. Conclusion Clinical evaluation confirmed by supportive imaging is diagnostic. Wide local excision is the mainstay of treatment.
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Luo S, Zhang C, Huang JP, Huang GH, He J. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis: a retrospective study. BJOG 2019; 124 Suppl 3:59-63. [PMID: 28856852 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) for treating abdominal wall endometrioses (AWE). DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in China. POPULATION Patients with abdominal wall endometriosis. METHODS From August 2010 to April 2014, 32 patients with AWE were treated with USgHIFU in our hospital. USgHIFU treatment was performed with the Model JC-200 High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Tumor Therapeutic System. The symptom relief and the adverse effects were evaluated after USgHIFU ablation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES USgHIFU as a new treatment option for patients with AWE. RESULTS Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed that all lesions were successfully ablated with USgHIFU. The follow-up results showed that the average volume of AWE lesions at 6 months after USgHIFU was significantly smaller than that before treatment (2.80 ± 0.12 versus 1.33 ± 0.31 cm3 ). The pain scores at 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.80 ± 2.64 versus 1.80 ± 0.3). The non-perfused volume (indicative of successful ablation) was measured in all patients immediately after treatment, ranging from 0.9 to 2.1 cm3 (median: 1.6 cm3 ), and the fractional ablation ranged from 87% to 100% (median: 94%). Local oedema was observed in these patients, lasting for 1-3 days only. No severe complications occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Based on our study, USgHIFU ablation is a safe and effective method for treating AWE. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT As a non-invasive treatment technique, HIFU could be used to treat abdominal wall endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - J P Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - G H Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - J He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
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Zhang P, Sun Y, Zhang C, Yang Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Xu H. Cesarean scar endometriosis: presentation of 198 cases and literature review. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:14. [PMID: 30658623 PMCID: PMC6339338 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is the most common type of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). The aim of this study was to systematically identify the clinical features of CSE and recommend precautionary measures. Methods A large, retrospective study was undertaken with CSE patients treated surgically at our hospital between January 2005 and December 2017. Results A total of 198 CSE patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 32.0 ± 4.0 years. The main complaint of the patients was abdominal mass (98.5%), followed by cyclic pain (86.9%). The latency period of CSE was 31.6 ± 23.9 months, and the duration between the onset of symptoms and this surgery was 28.3 ± 25.0 months. A majority (80.8%, n = 160) of the patients had undergone a Pfannenstiel incision, and a minority (19.2%, n = 38) a vertical midline incision. The latency period of CSE in the case of a Pfannenstiel incision was significantly shorter than that in the case of a vertical midline incision (24.0 vs 33.0 months, P = 0.006). A total of 187 (94.4%) patients had a single endometrioma, 11 (5.6%) patients had multiple endometriomas, and the 11 multiple-endometrioma patients had all undergone a Pfannenstiel incision. Lesions of endometrioma were common in corner sites, after either incision: 142/171 (83.0%) in Pfannenstiel incision scars and 32/38 (84.2%) in vertical incision scars. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the Pfannenstiel incision carries a higher risk of CSE than the vertical midline incision. Thorough cleaning at the conclusion of CS, particularly of both corner sites of the adipose layer and the fascia layer, is strongly recommended for CSE prevention. Further studies might provide additional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yabing Sun
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Linna Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ningling Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Vagholkar K, Vagholkar S. Abdominal Wall Endometrioma: A Diagnostic Enigma-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2019; 2019:6831545. [PMID: 31032131 PMCID: PMC6457300 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6831545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal wall endometriomas are quite uncommon. They are usually misdiagnosed by both the surgeon and the gynaecologist. Awareness of the details of this rare condition is therefore essential for prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment. INTRODUCTION Endometriosis though a condition commonly seen in the pelvic region can also occur at extrapelvic sites giving rise to a diagnostic dilemma. Abdominal wall endometrioma is one such complex variant of extrapelvic endometriosis with an incidence of less than 2% following gynaecologic operations. CASE REPORT A case of abdominal wall endometrioma diagnosed clinically and treated by wide surgical resection is presented to highlight the importance of clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of this condition. DISCUSSION The etiopathogenesis, presentation, investigations, and management are discussed briefly. CONCLUSION Clinical evaluation confirmed by supportive imaging is diagnostic. Wide local excision is the mainstay of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Vagholkar
- Department of Surgery, D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai 400706, MS, India
| | - Suvarna Vagholkar
- Department of Surgery, D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai 400706, MS, India
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43
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A step up therapeutic regimen for chronic post-Pfannenstiel pain syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:248-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Min K, Han HH. Treatment of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis Using a Mini-Abdominoplasty Design. ARCHIVES OF AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.14730/aaps.2018.24.3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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45
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Tavolaro S, Kermarrec É, Bazot M, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cornelis FH. Imagerie et radiologie interventionnelle chez la femme : nouveautés et perspectives. IMAGERIE DE LA FEMME 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.femme.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Tatli F, Gozeneli O, Uyanikoglu H, Uzunkoy A, Yalcın HC, Ozgonul A, Bardakci O, Incebiyik A, Guldur ME. The clinical characteristics and surgical approach of scar endometriosis: A case series of 14 women. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2018; 18:275-278. [PMID: 29285999 PMCID: PMC6087557 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scar endometriosis, also referred to as abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), is a rare form of endometriosis that usually develops in the scar after obstetric or gynecological surgeries, including cesarean section (CS). Recently, the occurrence of scar endometriosis has been increasing together with the increase of CS incidence. Scar endometriosis can be clinically misdiagnosed as hernia, lipoma, or hematoma. Here we retrospectively analyzed the clinical aspects of scar endometriosis and surgical approach in 14 patients from a tertiary hospital, who were treated by surgery, between 2012 and 2017. The mean age was 32.71 ± 8.61 years (range: 19-45). Palpable mass and cyclic pain at the scar site were the most common complaints. Twelve patients had previously undergone CS, and two patients had undergone a surgery of ovarian endometrioma. The preoperative diagnosis was determined with ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). Preoperatively, scar endometriosis was diagnosed in 12/14 patients (85.7%), while 2 patients (14.3%) were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. The treatment was surgical excision in all patients; in addition, mesh repair surgery was performed in 1 patient with recurrent scar endometriosis. Postoperatively, endometriosis was confirmed by histology in all patients. The average size of endometriomas was 24.71 ± 6.67 mm (range: 11-35). No woman had concurrent pelvic endometriosis. In the follow-up period (mean: 9 months) the recurrence of endometriosis was not observed. Scar endometriosis should be considered in all women of reproductive age presenting with cyclic pain and swelling in their abdominal incision sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Tatli
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Orhan Gozeneli
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hacer Uyanikoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Uzunkoy
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cahit Yalcın
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ozgonul
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Osman Bardakci
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Adnan Incebiyik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Emin Guldur
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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47
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Sow O, Valentin W, Cheikh D, Denis B, Thiapato FS, Ibrahima D, Kane GSM. Endométriome ombilical: à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 29:22. [PMID: 29662607 PMCID: PMC5899774 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.22.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L’endométriose se définit comme l’implantation de tissu endométrial en dehors de la cavité utérine. Elle touche environ 10% des femmes en âge de procréer. La localisation ombilicale est rare et la physiopathologie mal connue. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 42 ans, nulligeste, aux antécédents de myomectomie 5 ans auparavant, qui présentait une douleur cyclique avec une masse ombilicale dont le diagnostic était en faveur d’un endométriome ombilical, confirmée par l’étude histologique de la pièce de biopsie de la masse. Le traitement a consisté à une exérèse large de la masse associée à une exploration du pelvis et une plastie ombilicale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sow
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Hôpital de La Paix de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
| | - William Valentin
- Service de Gynéco-obstétricale, Hôpital de la Paix de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
| | - Diouf Cheikh
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
| | - Barboza Denis
- Service Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Paix de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
| | - Faye Samba Thiapato
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
| | - Diallo Ibrahima
- Service de Chirurgie Générale, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Ziguinchor, Sénégal
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48
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Yıldırım D, Tatar C, Doğan O, Hut A, Dönmez T, Akıncı M, Toptaş M, Bayık RN. Post-cesarean scar endometriosis. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [PMID: 29662714 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.90922.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endometriosis is seen in women during their reproductive period, where stromal tissue and functional endometrial glands of the uterus are observed outside the uterine cavity. In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of our patients who underwent surgery with scar endometriosis and to discuss the surgical results in light of the literature. Materials and Methods A total of 24 patients who underwent surgery and diagnosed as having endometriosis as the result of a pathologic examination were retrospectively evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Thirteen presented to general surgery and 11 presented to gynecology outpatient clinics. The pain was cyclical in 19 patients. There was history of cesarean section in 9 patients, twice in 12, and 3 times in three patients. The mean diameter was 39.1 mm on ultrasound, and 37.5 mm on magnetic resonance imaging. Endometriosis was on the left side of the incisions in 13, whereas it was on the right in 11. The mean weight of the lesions was 61.6 grams. Conclusion The occurrence of endometriosis is supported by the iatrogenic implantation theory. In the event of a mass in the abdominal wall, previous obstetric and gynecologic operations and a history of a painful mass during menstruation periods must be questioned. In the treatment of scar endometriosis, excision is required by obtaining secure margins. If diagnosis can be established preoperatively, unnecessary surgeries can prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğan Yıldırım
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihad Tatar
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Doğan
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Adnan Hut
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Dönmez
- Lutfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Akıncı
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Toptaş
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Anestehesiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahime Nida Bayık
- Bahçeşehir University Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
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49
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Yıldırım D, Tatar C, Doğan O, Hut A, Dönmez T, Akıncı M, Toptaş M, Bayık RN. Post-cesarean scar endometriosis. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 15:33-38. [PMID: 29662714 PMCID: PMC5894534 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.90922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Endometriosis is seen in women during their reproductive period, where stromal tissue and functional endometrial glands of the uterus are observed outside the uterine cavity. In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of our patients who underwent surgery with scar endometriosis and to discuss the surgical results in light of the literature. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent surgery and diagnosed as having endometriosis as the result of a pathologic examination were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Thirteen presented to general surgery and 11 presented to gynecology outpatient clinics. The pain was cyclical in 19 patients. There was history of cesarean section in 9 patients, twice in 12, and 3 times in three patients. The mean diameter was 39.1 mm on ultrasound, and 37.5 mm on magnetic resonance imaging. Endometriosis was on the left side of the incisions in 13, whereas it was on the right in 11. The mean weight of the lesions was 61.6 grams. Conclusion: The occurrence of endometriosis is supported by the iatrogenic implantation theory. In the event of a mass in the abdominal wall, previous obstetric and gynecologic operations and a history of a painful mass during menstruation periods must be questioned. In the treatment of scar endometriosis, excision is required by obtaining secure margins. If diagnosis can be established preoperatively, unnecessary surgeries can prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğan Yıldırım
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihad Tatar
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Doğan
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Adnan Hut
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Dönmez
- Lutfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Akıncı
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Toptaş
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Anestehesiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahime Nida Bayık
- Bahçeşehir University Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
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50
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Edwards K, Tsai SH, Kothari A. Clinical and imaging features of abdominal wall endometriomas. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2018; 21:24-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Edwards
- Bundaberg Hospital; 271 Bourbong Street Bundaberg Queensland 4670 Australia
- The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Shih-Han Tsai
- Redcliffe Hospital; Anzac Avenue Redcliffe Queensland 4020 Australia
| | - Alka Kothari
- The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- Redcliffe Hospital; Anzac Avenue Redcliffe Queensland 4020 Australia
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