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Ametryn detection by proton assisted transfer at a single micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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2
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Guo SX, Unwin PR, Whitworth AL, Zhang J. Microelectrochemical Techniques for Probing Kinetics at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0079674044037441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of recent advances in microelectrochemical approaches to investigate the kinetics of various physicochemical processes that occur at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). To place the advances in context, background material on the structure of the ITIES, derived from both experimental studies and computer simulation, is also provided. The main focus of the article is micro-ITIES techniques, single droplet measurements, microelectrochemical measurements at expanding droplets (MEMED) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Recent developments in a combined SECM-Langmuir trough technique for probing diffusion processes across Langmuir monolayers at the water/air (W/A) interface are also highlighted, by considering an organic monolayer at a water surface as a special case of a liquid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anna L. Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Al Omari MMH, Rashid IS, Qinna NA, Jaber AM, Badwan AA. Calcium Carbonate. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2016; 41:31-132. [PMID: 26940168 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3 formed by three main elements: carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is a common substance found in rocks in all parts of the world (most notably as limestone), and is the main component of shells of marine organisms, snails, coal balls, pearls, and eggshells. CaCO3 exists in different polymorphs, each with specific stability that depends on a diversity of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M H Al Omari
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
| | - I S Rashid
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
| | | | - A M Jaber
- Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - A A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan
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Abstract
Here we review the recent applications of ion transfer (IT) at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) for electrochemical sensing and imaging. In particular, we focus on the development and recent applications of the nanopipet-supported ITIES and double-polymer-modified electrode, which enable the dynamic electrochemical measurements of IT at nanoscopic and macroscopic ITIES, respectively. High-quality IT voltammograms are obtainable using either technique to quantitatively assess the kinetics and dynamic mechanism of IT at the ITIES. Nanopipet-supported ITIES serves as an amperometric tip for scanning electrochemical microscopy to allow for unprecedentedly high-resolution electrochemical imaging. Voltammetric ion sensing at double-polymer-modified electrodes offers high sensitivity and unique multiple-ion selectivity. The promising future applications of these dynamic approaches for bioanalysis and electrochemical imaging are also discussed.
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Crespo GA, Bakker E. Dynamic electrochemistry with ionophore based ion-selective membranes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ion amperometry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions in view of realizing the amperometric ion-selective electrode. Talanta 2012; 63:21-32. [PMID: 18969401 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the development in ion amperometry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) in view of realizing the amperometric ion-selective electrode (ISE). The concept of polarizability of ITIES in a multi-ion system is outlined. Principle aspects of ion amperometry at ITIES are discussed including the use of amperometry as a tool for the clarification of the ion sensing mechanism, and for determining the concentrations of ions in the solution. The reference is made to recent amperometric measurements at the supported liquid membrane (SLM) and polymer composite liquid membranes (PCLM), which, together with the micro-hole supported ITIES, appear to be particularly suitable for realization of the amperometric ISE.
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Kabagambe B, Izadyar A, Amemiya S. Stripping voltammetry of nanomolar potassium and ammonium ions using a valinomycin-doped double-polymer electrode. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7979-86. [PMID: 22891987 DOI: 10.1021/ac301773w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the first application of an ionophore-doped double-polymer electrode for ion-transfer stripping voltammetry (ITSV) to explore the nanomolar limit of detection (LOD) and multiple-ion detectability. We developed a theoretical model for ITSV at a thin ionophore-doped membrane on the solid supporting electrode to demonstrate that its LOD is controlled by the equilibrium preconcentration of an aqueous analyte ion as an ionophore complex into the thin polymer membrane and is lowered by the formation of a more stable ion-ionophore complex. The theoretical predictions were confirmed using valinomycin as a K(+)-selective ionophore, which forms a ∼60 times more stable complex with K(+) than with NH(4)(+), as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. A LOD of 0.6 nM K(+) was achieved by ITSV using commercial ultrapure water as a K(+)-free media, where NH(4)(+) contamination at a higher concentration was also detected by ITSV. The dependence of the ITSV response on the preconcentration time was monitored under the rotating-electrode configuration and analyzed theoretically to directly determine ∼100 nM NH(4)(+) and ∼5 nM K(+) contaminations in commercial ultrapure water and laboratory-purified water, respectively, without the background ITSV measurement of an analyte-free blank solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kabagambe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Abstract
The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
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Kim Y, Rodgers PJ, Ishimatsu R, Amemiya S. Subnanomolar Ion Detection by Stripping Voltammetry with Solid-Supported Thin Polymeric Membrane. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7262-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yushin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Patrick J. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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Kim Y, Amemiya S. Stripping analysis of nanomolar perchlorate in drinking water with a voltammetric ion-selective electrode based on thin-layer liquid membrane. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6056-65. [PMID: 18613700 DOI: 10.1021/ac8008687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive analytical method is required for the assessment of nanomolar perchlorate contamination in drinking water as an emerging environmental problem. We developed the novel approach based on a voltammetric ion-selective electrode to enable the electrochemical detection of "redox-inactive" perchlorate at a nanomolar level without its electrolysis. The perchlorate-selective electrode is based on the submicrometer-thick plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane spin-coated on the poly(3-octylthiophene)-modified gold electrode. The liquid membrane serves as the first thin-layer cell for ion-transfer stripping voltammetry to give low detection limits of 0.2-0.5 nM perchlorate in deionized water, commercial bottled water, and tap water under a rotating electrode configuration. The detection limits are not only much lower than the action limit (approximately 246 nM) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency but also are comparable to the detection limits of the most sensitive analytical methods for detecting perchlorate, that is, ion chromatography coupled with a suppressed conductivity detector (0.55 nM) or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (0.20-0.25 nM). The mass transfer of perchlorate in the thin-layer liquid membrane and aqueous sample as well as its transfer at the interface between the two phases were studied experimentally and theoretically to achieve the low detection limits. The advantages of ion-transfer stripping voltammetry with a thin-layer liquid membrane against traditional ion-selective potentiometry are demonstrated in terms of a detection limit, a response time, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Molina Á, Serna C, Martínez-Ortiz F, Laborda E. Double potential step chronoamperometry at spherical electrodes and microelectrodes. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ortuño JA, Serna C, Molina A, Gil A. Differential pulse voltammetry and additive differential pulse voltammetry with solvent polymeric membrane ion sensors. Anal Chem 2007; 78:8129-33. [PMID: 17134149 DOI: 10.1021/ac061224o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ion transfer across the water-solvent polymeric membrane interface is investigated by using a new device based on a modification of a commercial ion-selective electrode body that permits the accommodation of a platinum counter electrode inside the inner filling solution compartment and, therefore, use of a four-electrode potentiostat with ohmic drop compensation. This device is used here to apply two different double potential pulse techniques--differential pulse voltammetry and additive differential pulse voltammetry--which are more advantageous than other voltammetric techniques, such as normal pulse voltammetry or cyclic voltammetry, for the determination of the characteristic electrochemical parameters of the system. This is due to the concurrence of two factors in these double potential pulse techniques, the peak-shaped response together with a considerable reduction of undesirable current contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ortuño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Murcia, 30071-Murcia, Spain.
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Voltammetry of tetraalkylammonium picrates at water∣nitrobenzene and water∣dichloroethane microinterfaces; influence of partition phenomena. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kitatsuji Y, Yoshida Z, Kudo H, Kihara S. Transfer of actinide ion at the interface between aqueous and nitrobenzene solutions studied by controlled-potential electrolysis at the interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Reymond F, Fermı́n D, Lee HJ, Girault HH. Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces: methodology and potential applications. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Osakai T, Ebina K. Non-Bornian Theory of the Gibbs Energy of Ion Transfer between Two Immiscible Liquids. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9814193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Osakai T, Ogata A, Ebina K. Hydration of Ions in Organic Solvent and Its Significance in the Gibbs Energy of Ion Transfer between Two Immiscible Liquids. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971773l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657, Japan
| | - Akiko Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657, Japan
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Yufei C, Cunnane VJ, Schiffrin DJ, Mutomäki L, Kontturi K. Interfacial capacitance and ionic association at electrified liquid/liquid interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9918700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun Z, Vanysek P. Electrochemical determination of lead and lead ion transfer at liquid-liquid interfaces. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang E, Sun Z. Development of electroanalytical chemistry at the liquid-liquid interface. Trends Analyt Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(88)85030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mareček V, Samec Z, Koryta J. Charge transfer across the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(88)80002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang J, Farias PA, Mahmoud JS. Trace measurements of calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium, based on stripping voltammetry with adsorptive accumulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(85)80014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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