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Choi KR, Honig ML, Bühlmann P. Ion-Selective Potentiometry with Plasma-Initiated Covalent Attachment of Sensing Membranes onto Inert Polymeric Substrates and Carbon Solid Contacts. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4702-4708. [PMID: 38451778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The physical delamination of the sensing membrane from underlying electrode bodies and electron conductors limits sensor lifetimes and long-term monitoring with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). To address this problem, we developed two plasma-initiated graft polymerization methods that attach ionophore-doped polymethacrylate sensing membranes covalently to high-surface-area carbons that serve as the conducting solid contact as well as to polypropylene, poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), and polyurethane as the inert polymeric electrode body materials. The first strategy consists of depositing the precursor solution for the preparation of the sensing membranes onto the platform substrates with the solid contact carbon, followed by exposure to an argon plasma, which results in surface-grafting of the in situ polymerized sensing membrane. Using the second strategy, the polymeric platform substrate is pretreated with argon plasma and subsequently exposed to ambient oxygen, forming hydroperoxide groups on the surface. Those functionalities are then used for the initiation of photoinitiated graft polymerization of the sensing membrane. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and delamination tests confirm the covalent attachment of the in situ polymerized sensing membranes onto the polymeric substrates. Using membrane precursor solutions comprising, in addition to decyl methacrylate and a cross-linker, also 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate as a covalently attachable H+ ionophore and tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate as ionic sites, both plasma-based fabrication methods produced electrodes that responded to pH in a Nernstian fashion, with the high selectivity expected for ionophore-based ISEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrok R Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Madeline L Honig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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TABATA M, MIYAHARA Y. Control of interface functions in solid-state biosensors for stable detection of molecular recognition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 100:32-56. [PMID: 38199246 PMCID: PMC10864167 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in the field of solid-state biosensors over the past 50 years. Various sensing devices with high-density integration and flexible configuration, as well as new applications for clinical diagnosis and healthcare, have been developed using blood, serum, and other body fluids such as sweat, tears, and saliva. A high-density array of ion-sensitive field effect transistors was developed by exploiting the advantages of advanced semiconductor technologies and commercialized in combination with an enzymatic primer extension reaction as a DNA sequencer in 2011. Different types of materials such as inorganic materials, metals, polymers, and biomolecules are mixed together on the surface of the gate while maintaining their own functions; therefore, compatibility among different materials has to be optimized so that the best detection performance of solid-state biosensors, including stability and reliability, is achieved as designed. Solid-state biosensors are suitable for the rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive identification of biomarkers at various timepoints over the course of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki TABATA
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji MIYAHARA
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Spindler BD, Graf KI, Dong XIN, Kim M, Chen XV, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Influence of the Composition of Plasticizer-Free Silicone-Based Ion-Selective Membranes on Signal Stability in Aqueous and Blood Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12419-12426. [PMID: 37552138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) in direct long-term contact with physiological samples must be biocompatible and resistant to biofouling, but most wearable SC-ISEs proposed to date contain plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, which have poor biocompatibility. Silicones are a promising alternative to plasticized PVC because of their excellent biocompatibility, but little work has been done to study the relationship between silicone composition and ISE performance. To address this, we prepared and tested K+ SC-ISEs with colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon as the solid contact and three different condensation-cured silicones: a custom silicone prepared in-house (Silicone 1), a commercial silicone (Dow 3140, Silicone 2), and a commercial fluorosilicone (Dow 730, Fluorosilicone 1). SC-ISEs prepared with each of these polymers and the ionophore valinomycin and added ionic sites exhibited Nernstian responses, excellent selectivities, and signal drifts as low as 3 μV/h in 1 mM KCl solution. All ISEs maintained Nernstian response slopes and had only very slightly worsened selectivities after 41 h exposure to porcine plasma (log KK,Na values of -4.56, -4.58, and -4.49, to -4.04, -4.00, and -3.90 for Silicone 1, Silicone 2, and Fluorosilicone 1, respectively), confirming that these sensors retain the high selectivity that makes them suitable for use in physiological samples. When immersed in porcine plasma, the SC-ISEs exhibited emf drifts that were still fairly low but notably larger than when measurements were performed in pure water. Interestingly, despite the very similar structures of these matrix polymers, SC-ISEs prepared with Silicone 2 showed lower drift in porcine blood plasma (-55 μV/h, over 41 h) compared to Silicone 1 (-495 μV/h) or Fluorosilicone 1 (-297 μV/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Katerina I Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin I N Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Minog Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
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Abramova N, Bratov A. ISFET‐based ion sensors with photopolymerizable membranes. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramova
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB‐CNM, CSIC) Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrey Bratov
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB‐CNM, CSIC) Barcelona Spain
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Chen XV, Stein A, Bühlmann P. Reference Electrodes Based on Ionic Liquid-Doped Reference Membranes with Biocompatible Silicone Matrixes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1717-1725. [PMID: 32366104 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many reference electrodes with an ionic liquid-doped reference membrane contain a plasticizer that can gradually leach out into the sample. However, because many common plasticizers are known to be endocrine disruptors and may induce inflammatory reactions, they are preferably avoided for wearable or implantable sensors. Therefore, this work tested polymeric reference electrode membranes prepared by solvent casting from seven commercially available biocompatible silicones that are widely used in implantable devices. Only reference electrodes with membranes consisting of poly(3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) (Fluorosilicone 1) and one of several 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids provided a stable and sample-independent potential in electrolyte solutions spanning the range of electrolyte concentrations in human blood, with more hydrophobic ionic liquids performing better. Over 8 days at 37 °C in artificial blood electrolyte solutions, the reference membranes doped with 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide exhibited a potential drift as low as 20 μV/h. In 10% animal serum, a 112 μV/h drift was observed over 5.8 days. The other six silicone materials doped with an ionic liquid either failed to form self-standing membranes or did not provide a sample-independent potential in the ionic concentration range tested. In case of the functional reference electrodes, differential scanning calorimetry confirmed good miscibility between the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix, whereas the poor miscibility of four polymer matrixes and the ionic liquids-as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry-correlated with an undesirable sample dependence of the reference potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin V. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Anderson EL, Chopade SA, Spindler B, Stein A, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA, Bühlmann P. Solid-Contact Ion-Selective and Reference Electrodes Covalently Attached to Functionalized Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Anal Chem 2020; 92:7621-7629. [PMID: 32351106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous ion-selective and reference electrodes have been developed over the years. Following the need for point-of-care and wearable sensors, designs have transitioned recently from bulky devices with an aqueous inner filling solution to planarizable solid-contact electrodes. However, unless the polymeric sensing and reference membranes are held in place mechanically, delamination of these membranes from the underlying solid to which they adhere physically limits sensor lifetime. Even minor external mechanical stress or thermal expansion can result in membrane delamination and, thereby, device failure. To address this problem, we designed a sensing platform based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates to which polyacrylate-based sensing and polymethacrylate-based reference membranes are attached covalently. Ion-selective membranes with covalently attached or freely dissolved ionophore- and ionic-liquid-doped reference membranes can be directly photopolymerized onto surface-functionalized poly(ethylene terephthalate), resulting in the formation of covalent bonds between the underlying substrate and the attached membranes. H+- and K+-selective electrodes thus prepared exhibit highly selective responses with the theoretically expected (Nernstian) response slope, and reference electrodes provide sample-independent reference potentials over a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. Even repeated mechanical stress does not result in the delamination of the sensing and reference membranes, leading to electrodes with much improved long-term performance. As demonstrated for poly(ethylene-co-cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), this approach may be expanded to a wide range of other polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane platform materials. Covalent attachment of sensing and reference membranes to an inert plastic platform material is a very promising approach to a problem that has plagued the field of ion-selective electrodes and field effect transistors for over 30 years.
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Jia Y, Gao C, Feng D, Wu M, Liu Y, Chen X, Xing K, Feng X. Bio-initiated light addressable potentiometric sensor for unlabeled biodetection and its MEDICI simulation. Analyst 2011; 136:4533-8. [PMID: 21922098 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-mimetic anchoring strategy based on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was exploited to activate the surface of light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), with the structure of Si(3)N(4)/SiO(2)/Si. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out to ascertain its existence. The protein's immobilization on L-DOPA-initiated LAPS were also tested by our LAPS system. Then L-DOPA-activated LAPS were applied in the unlabeled rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) detection. The maximum sensitivity of L-DOPA-activated LAPS to antigen (Ag) is about 5.68 nA/p[Ag]. LAPS responses in IgG measurements were from 95 to 180 nA, when the concentration was varied from 0-4 μg mL(-1). These experiments show that L-DOPA is an available material for LAPS surface modifications. At the same time, simulations based on MEDICI (Synopsys™) were performed. The simulated curves are in accordance with experimental data which demonstrate our theoretical analysis for the experimental phenomenon, and indicate the feasibility of simulating biological electronic devices with MEDICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Jia
- College of Information Science Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Ciosek P, Chudy M, Górski Ł, Grabowska I, Grygołowicz-Pawlak E, Malinowska E, Wróblewski W. Potentiometric Studies and Various Applications of Solid State Electrodes Based on Silicon and Epoxy Glass Structures - an Overview. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Lindner E, Gyurcsányi RE. Quality control criteria for solid-contact, solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Reinhoudt DN, Nijenhuis WF, van der Wal PD. Host-guest interactions in thin membranes: selective ion transport and transduction into electronic signals. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 158:42-51; discussion 51-4, 92-7. [PMID: 1935425 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514085.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic receptor molecules that selectively complex with charged guest molecules can be used to transport salts through liquid membranes and to transduce chemical information into electronic signals. In both cases the receptor molecules are present in thin membranes in contact with aqueous solutions. Extreme lipophilicity of the receptor molecules is therefore required: calix crown ethers and calixspherands meet these requirements. Their synthesis and complexation properties will be discussed. In order to mimic the large rates of transport through biomembranes, thin supported liquid membranes (less than 100 microns), in which the receptor molecules are present, were investigated. The selective ion transport has been studied as a function of the experimental parameters and interpreted via computer simulations of the transport processes. The transduction of complexation into electronic signals can be achieved via the 'immobilization' of receptor molecules on the gate surface of an ISFET chip. Parameters that govern the signal transduction in multilayer systems have been studied and stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Reinhoudt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
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12
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Zine N, Bausells J, Teixidor F, Viñas C, Masalles C, Samitier J, Errachid A. All-solid-state hydrogen sensing microelectrodes based on novel PPy[3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2] as a solid internal contact. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Long R, Bakker E. Optical determination of ionophore diffusion coefficients in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sensing films. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zachara J, Wróblewski W. Design and performance of some microflow-cell potentiometric transducers. Analyst 2003; 128:532-6. [PMID: 12866862 DOI: 10.1039/b300069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents and compares the design of three potentiometric transducers: ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET), solid-state Ag/AgCl electrode and miniaturized classical Ag/AgCl electrode. The reported transducers were fabricated using different, less or more complicated and expensive, technologies. The transducers were constructed to be compatible with the sensor housing of the flow-cell, designed previously. Moreover, the back-side contact structures of the two planar devices, where electrical connectors and the sensing layer are on the opposite sides, facilitated their application in the flow analysis. Exemplary potassium-selective microsensors based on developed transducers were prepared, applying plasticized PVC and polysiloxane membranes containing valinomycine. The determined microsensor performances allowed comparison of their usefulness for multiparameter flow analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zachara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Dybko A, Zachara J, Golimowski J, Wróblewski W. Miniaturized back-side contact transducer for potentiometric sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Fibbioli M, Morf WE, Badertscher M, de Rooij NF, Pretsch E. Potential Drifts of Solid-Contacted Ion-Selective Electrodes Due to Zero-Current Ion Fluxes Through the Sensor Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200011)12:16<1286::aid-elan1286>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Wróblewski W, Chudy M, Dybko A. Nitrate-selective chemically modified field effect transistors for flow-cell applications. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Michel PE, van der Wal PD, Fiaccabrino GC, de Rooij NF, Koudelka-Hep M. Reagentless Sensor Integrating Electrodes, Photodetector, and Immobilized Co-Substrate for Electrochemiluminescence-Based Assays. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199912)11:18<1361::aid-elan1361>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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NH4+-sensitive chemically modified field effect transistors based on siloxane membranes for flow-cell applications. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mi Y, Mathison S, Goines R, Logue A, Bakker E. Detection limit of polymeric membrane potentiometric ion sensors: how can we go down to trace levels? Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yoon IJ, Lee DK, Nam H, Cha GS, Strong TD, Brown RB. Ion sensors using one-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber matrices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Lugtenberg RJ, Egberink RJ, van den Berg A, Engbersen JF, Reinhoudt DN. The effects of covalent binding of the electroactive components in durable CHEMFET membranes—impedance spectroscopy and ion sensitivity studies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Lugtenberg RJ, Egberink RJ, Engbersen JF, Reinhoudt DN. Polysiloxane based CHEMFETs for selective detection of Ca2+ ions. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Poplawski ME, B. Brown R, Lae Rho K, Yong Yun S, Jung Lee H, Sig Cha G, Paeng KJ. One-component room temperature vulcanizing-type silicone rubber-based sodium-selective membrane electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Struck O, Chrisstoffels LAJ, Lugtenberg RJW, Verboom W, van Hummel GJ, Harkema S, Reinhoudt DN. Head-to-Head Linked Double Calix[4]arenes: Convenient Synthesis and Complexation Properties. J Org Chem 1997; 62:2487-2493. [PMID: 11671587 DOI: 10.1021/jo962138z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combination of calix[4]arenes functionalized at the upper rim at the 5- and 17-positions with amino and formyl groups, respectively, gives a new series of "head-to-head" linked double calix[4]arenes in nearly quantitative yield. The X-ray structure of a modified double calix[4]arene is reported. The novel, highly preorganized receptor molecules complex silver(I) ions (K(ass) = 9.5 x 10(5) M(-)(1) in CDCl(3)); the selectivity of complexation was studied by supported liquid membrane transport experiments and chemically modified field effect transistor measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Struck
- Laboratories of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology and Chemical Physics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Antonisse MM, Lugtenberg RJ, Egberink RJ, Engbersen JF, Reinhoudt DN. Durable nitrate-selective chemically modified field effect transistors based on new polysiloxane membranes. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Miyahara Y, Yamashita K, Ozawa S, Watanabe Y. Shift and drift of electromotive forces of solid-state electrodes with ion-selective liquid membranes. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Casnati A, Pochini A, Ungaro R, Bocchi C, Ugozzoli F, Egberink RJM, Struijk H, Lugtenberg R, De Jong F, Reinhoudt DN. 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]arenecrown-5 Conformers: New Synthetic Ionophores with Better K+/Na+ Selectivity than Valinomycin. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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van den Vlekkert HH. Application of ISFETs in closed-loop systems for greenhouses. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1996; 18:135-138. [PMID: 11538789 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00869-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In horticulture, growing in artificial substrates such as rockwool is more and more considered to be a sound alternative to growing in soil. This development enables the opportunity to create closed-loop systems which lower the waste of raw materials and reduce pollution of the environment. Applying closed-loop systems needs precise knowledge of the composition of the recirculating nutrient solution. This paper presents basic principles of a measuring system, which can monitor continuously the concentration of nutrients in water. The system is based on ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs). By appropriate calibration, a high accuracy is achieved for pH and potassium measurements in the nutrient solution. An accuracy of better than 10% (mMol/l) has been achieved.
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Lugtenberg RJ, Brzozka Z, Casnati A, Ungaro R, Engbersen JF, Reinhoudt DN. Cesium-selective chemically modified field effect transistors with calix[4]arene-crown-6 derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00139-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cobben PL, Egberink RJ, Bomer JG, Schouwenaar R, Brzozka Z, Bos M, Bergveld P, Reinhoudt DN. Chemically modified ion-sensitive field-effect transistors: elimination of the liquid juction potential in a double sensor flow-injection analysis cell. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brzozka Z, Cobben PL, Reinhoudt DN, Edema JJ, Buter J, Kellogg RM. Chemically modified field-effect transistors; potentiometric Ag + selectivity of PVC membranes based on macrocyclic thioethers. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80152-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Geckeler KE, Müller B. Polymer materials in biosensors. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1993; 80:18-24. [PMID: 8383298 DOI: 10.1007/bf01139752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fundamentals and application examples of polymeric materials in different types of biosensors and presented and discussed in view of their molecular structure and biosensor design and construction. The role of a series of polymers with respect to their typical application and their specific properties, like sensitivity and stability, is highlighted. Future trends of polymer materials for biosensors in the area of medical and environmental applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Geckeler
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Tübingen, FRG
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van den Berg A, Koudelka-Hep M, van der Schoot BH, de Rooij NF, Verney-Norberg E, Grisel A. Silicon-based chlorine sensor with on-wafer deposited chemically anchored diffusion membrane. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85135-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pranitis DM, Telting-diaz M, Meyerhoff ME, Schroeder RR. Potentiometric Ion-, Gas-, and Bio-Selective Membrane Electrodes. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/10408349208050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brunink JA, Haak JR, Bomer JG, Reinhoudt DN, McKervey M, Harris SJ. Chemically modified field-effect transistors; a sodium ion selective sensor based on calix[4]arene receptor molecules. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(91)90011-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van der Wal PD, Sudhölter EJ, Boukamp BA, Bouwmeester HJ, Reinhoudt DN. Impedance spectroscopy and surface study of potassium-selective silicone rubber membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85010-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chemically modified ion-sensitive field-effect transistors: application in flow-injection analysis cells without polymeric encapsulation and wire bonding. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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van der Wal PD, Sudhölter EJ, Reinhoudt DN. Design and properties of a flow-injection analysis cell using potassium-selective ion-sensitive field-effect transistors as detection elements. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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van Nugteren-Osinga I, Hoogendam E, Bos M, van der Linden W. Impulse-response functions of several detectors used in flow-injection analysis. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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