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Briggs EM, Sandoval S, Erten A, Takeshita Y, Kummel AC, Martz TR. Solid State Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Total Alkalinity and pH of Seawater. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1302-1309. [PMID: 28805369 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel design is demonstrated for a solid state, reagent-less sensor capable of rapid and simultaneous measurement of pH and Total Alkalinity (AT) using ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) technology to provide a simplified means of characterization of the aqueous carbon dioxide system through measurement of two "master variables": pH and AT. ISFET-based pH sensors that achieve 0.001 precision are widely used in various oceanographic applications. A modified ISFET is demonstrated to perform a nanoliter-scale acid-base titration of AT in under 40 s. This method of measuring AT, a Coulometric Diffusion Titration, involves electrolytic generation of titrant, H+, through the electrolysis of water on the surface of the chip via a microfabricated electrode eliminating the requirement of external reagents. Characterization has been performed in seawater as well as titrating individual components (i.e., OH-, HCO3-, CO32-, B(OH)4-, PO43-) of seawater AT. The seawater measurements are consistent with the design in reaching the benchmark goal of 0.5% precision in AT over the range of seawater AT of ∼2200-2500 μmol kg-1 which demonstrates great potential for autonomous sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Briggs
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
| | - Sergio Sandoval
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
| | - Yuichiro Takeshita
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
| | - Andrew C. Kummel
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
| | - Todd R. Martz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ‡California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology (Cal IT2), §Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and ∥Materials Science
and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, United States
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Diallo AK, Djeghlaf L, Launay J, Temple-Boyer P. Modelling of impulsional pH variations using ChemFET-based microdevices: application to hydrogen peroxide detection. SENSORS 2014; 14:3267-83. [PMID: 24556666 PMCID: PMC3958244 DOI: 10.3390/s140203267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the modelling of impulsional pH variations in microvolume related to water-based electrolysis and hydrogen peroxide electrochemical oxidation using an Electrochemical Field Effect Transistor (ElecFET) microdevice. This ElecFET device consists of a pH-Chemical FET (pH-ChemFET) with an integrated microelectrode around the dielectric gate area in order to trigger electrochemical reactions. Combining oxidation/reduction reactions on the microelectrode, water self-ionization and diffusion properties of associated chemical species, the model shows that the sensor response depends on the main influential parameters such as: (i) polarization parameters on the microelectrode, i.e., voltage (Vp) and time (tp); (ii) distance between the gate sensitive area and the microelectrode (d); and (iii) hydrogen peroxide concentration ([H2O2]). The model developed can predict the ElecFET response behaviour and creates new opportunities for H2O2-based enzymatic detection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyes Djeghlaf
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jerome Launay
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
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Sassa F, Morimoto K, Satoh W, Suzuki H. Electrochemical techniques for microfluidic applications. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1787-800. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mathematical modelling and optimisation of a coulometric sensor—actuator system based on three-dimensional diffusion. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)80063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olthuis W, Luo J, Bergveld P. Characterization of proteins by means of their buffer capacity, measured with an ISFET-based coulometric sensor—actuator system. Biosens Bioelectron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(94)80073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luo J, Olthuis W, Bergveld P, Bos M, van der Linden W. Modelling of coulometric sensor—actuator systems based on ISFETs with a porous actuator covering the gate. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80600-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Luo J, Olthuis W, van der Schoot B, Bergveld P, Bos M, van der Linden W. Modelling of the migration effect occurring at an ISFET-based coulometric sensor-actuator system. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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