1
|
Chen L, Lin Q, Yuan D, Gong Z. Simultaneous Measurement of Trace Levels of Hg, As, Sb, and Bi in Coastal Seawater with a Multichannel Chemical Vapor Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15621-15627. [PMID: 37816153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace levels of Hg, As, Sb, and Bi in coastal seawater have been simultaneously detected by a laboratory-built multichannel chemical vapor generation coupled to an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The system was configured with a built-in electrochemical H2 generator as the fuel supplier to replace chemical H2 produced by the oxidation of potassium borohydride under acidic conditions in traditional instruments. The electrochemical H2 generator not only isolated the atomization process from the chemical vapor injection process but also improved the stability of atomization, excitation, and fluorescence emission in the hydrogen flame, making it easier to optimize conditions for CVG while introducing evaporating multielement vapors. Calibrations were obtained using a mixed standard solution of Hg(II), As(III), Sb(III), and Bi(III). The addition of KBr to a 3% (v/v) HCl solution was selected as the preservative to ensure the stability of 0.10 μg/L Hg(II) in a multielement standard solution for at least 15 days while also preserving μg/L levels of As(III), Sb(III), and Bi(III) stable. The method detection limits (LOD, 3σ) were 0.001, 0.015, 0.010, and 0.005 μg/L for Hg, As, Sb, and Bi, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 7) of the standard spiked seawater samples were 3.2% (0.020 μg/L Hg), 1.2% (0.50 μg/L As), 1.0% (0.50 μg/L Sb), and 3.5% (0.050 μg/L Bi), respectively. The recoveries of seawater samples spiked with different salinities were in the range of 84.5%(Sb)-114%(Hg). The system has been successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the four elements in the seawater samples collected from Xiamen Bay, Southeast China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
- Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Qinling Lin
- Tairui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362000, PR China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Zhenbin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
- Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determination of Trace Metal (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb) Concentrations in Seawater Using Single Quadrupole ICP-MS: A Comparison between Offline and Online Preconcentration Setups. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of dissolved metals in seawater requires pre-treatment before the measurement can be done, posing a risk of contamination, and requiring a time-consuming procedure. Despite the development of automated preconcentration units and sophisticated instruments, the entire process often introduces inaccuracies in quantification, especially for low-metal seawaters. This study presents a robust method for measuring dissolved metals from seawater accurately and precisely using a seaFAST and quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS), employed in both offline (2016–2018) and online (2020–2021) setups. The proposed method shows data processing, including the re-calculation of metals after eliminating the instrumental signals caused by polyatomic interferences. Here, we report the blank concentration of Fe below 0.02 nmol kg−1, somewhat lower values than that have been previously reported using high-resolution and triple-quad ICPMS. The method allows for the accurate determination of Cd and Fe concentrations in low-metal seawaters, such as GEOTRACES GSP, using a cost-effective quadrupole ICPMS (Cdconsensus: 2 ± 2 pmol kg−1, Cdmeasured: 0.99 ± 0.35 pmol kg−1; Feconsensus: 0.16 ± 0.05 nmol kg−1, Femeasured: 0.21 ± 0.03 nmol kg−1). Between two setups, online yields marginally lower blank values for metals based on short-term analysis. However, the limit of detection is comparable between the two, supporting optimal instrumental sensitivity of the ICPMS over 4+ years of analysis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vettorelo SN, Cuéllar M, Ortiz PI, Garay F. Theory of square-wave voltammetry for the analysis of a CE reaction mechanism complicated by the adsorption of the reactant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
4
|
Thanh NM, Luyen ND, Thanh Tam Toan T, Hai Phong N, Van Hop N. Voltammetry Determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) at Bismuth Film Electrode Combined with 8-Hydroxyquinoline as a Complexing Agent. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:4593135. [PMID: 31355043 PMCID: PMC6636451 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4593135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) based on the cathodic stripping response at a bismuth film electrode associated with oxine as a chelating agent. The developed method provided a high and sharp electrochemical response compared with the method without oxine. A linear response of peak currents was observed for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) concentration in the range from 2 ppb to 110 ppb. The detection limits of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) were 0.45, 0.17, and 0.78 ppb, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) in lake-water and river-water samples. The metals were detected at the ultratrace level, showing the feasibility of the proposed method for environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mau Thanh
- University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quang Binh University, Đồng Hới 510000, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Nguyen Van Hop
- University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jost CL, di Martos LM, Ferraz L, do Nascimento PC. Sequential Voltammetric Determination of Uranium, Cadmium and Lead by Using theex situBismuth Film Electrode: Application to Phosphate Fertilizers. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
Muratt DT, M. de Carvalho L, Viana C, C. do Nascimento P, Reis G, R. Dal Molin T, Grassmann C, Smidt G, Koschinsky A. Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Monticelli D, Laglera LM, Caprara S. Miniaturization in voltammetry: ultratrace element analysis and speciation with twenty-fold sample size reduction. Talanta 2014; 128:273-7. [PMID: 25059160 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Voltammetric techniques have emerged as powerful methods for the determination and speciation of trace and ultratrace elements without any preconcentration in several research fields. Nevertheless, large sample volumes are typically required (10 mL), which strongly limits their application and/or the precision of the results. In this work, we report a 20-fold reduction in sample size for trace and ultratrace elemental determination and speciation by conventional voltammetric instrumentation, introducing the lowest amount of sample (0.5 mL) in which ultratrace detection has been performed up to now. This goal was achieved by a careful design of a new sample holder. Reliable, validated results were obtained for the determination of trace/ultratrace elements in rainwater (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb) and seawater (Cu). Moreover, copper speciation in seawater samples was consistently determined by competitive ligand equilibration-cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-CSV). The proposed apparatus showed several advantages: (1) 20-fold reduction in sample volume (the sample size is lowered from 120 to 6 mL for the CLE-CSV procedure); (2) decrease in analysis time due to the reduction in purging time up to 2.5 fold; (3) 20-fold drop in reagent consumption. Moreover, the analytical performances were not affected: similar detection capabilities, precision and accuracy were obtained. Application to sample of limited availability (e.g. porewaters, snow, rainwater, open ocean water, biological samples) and to the description of high resolution temporal trends may be easily foreseen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Monticelli
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Cra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - L M Laglera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Cra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - S Caprara
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Multivariate linear regression with variable selection by a successive projections algorithm applied to the analysis of anodic stripping voltammetry data. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Grabarczyk M, Wardak C. A new voltammetric strategy for sensitive and selective determination of gallium using cupferron as a complexing agent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1142-1148. [PMID: 24844895 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.897156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the trace determination of gallium in environmental water samples. It is based on the adsorptive deposition of the complex Ga(III)-cupferron at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) at -0.4 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and its cathodic stripping during the potential scan. The method was optimized as concerns the main electrochemical parameters that affect the voltammetric determination (supporting electrolyte, pH, cupferron concentration, deposition potential and time). The calibration graph is linear from 5 × 10(-10) to 5 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) with a detection limit calculated as 1.3 × 10(-10) mol L(-1) for deposition time of 30 s. The influence of interfering substances such as surfactants and humic substances present in the matrices of natural water samples on the Ga(III) signal was examined and a satisfying minimization of these interferences was proposed. The procedure was applied to direct determination of gallium in environmental water samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bobrowski A, Królicka A, Putek M, Zarębski J, Čelebić N, Guzsvány V. Catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of Co(II)-dioxime-bromate systems at renewable amalgam film electrode. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Determination of lead and cadmium in seawater using a vibrating silver amalgam microwire electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 769:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Santos-Echeandía J. Direct simultaneous determination of Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and V in pore waters by means of adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with mixed ligands. Talanta 2011; 85:506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Abbasi S, Farmany A, Mortazavi SS. Ultrasensitive Simultaneous Quantification of Nanomolar Level of Cd and Zn by Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Some Real Samples. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
14
|
Town RM. Adsorptive stripping chronopotentiometry (AdSCP). Part 3: Multi-metal systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Eldan M, Shoham T, Erel Y, Mandler D. Monitoring Heavy Metals in Seawater by Their Electrochemically Induced Deposition as Hydroxides. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
ESPADA-BELLIDO E, GALINDO-RIAÑO MD, AOUARRAM A, GARCÍA-VARGAS M. Applicability of 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Benzoylhydrazone in the Determination of Trace Metals by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry: Relevancy of Simultaneous Determinations. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:903-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdellah AOUARRAM
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vasconcelos MTSD, Leal MFC. Exudates of different marine algae promote growth and mediate trace metal binding in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 66:499-507. [PMID: 18829098 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in filtered natural seawater enriched with nitrate, phosphate, and silicate only (control) or with exudates from itself, from Emiliania huxleyi (a coccolithophore micro-alga), Porphyra spp. (a red macro-alga) or Enteromorpha spp. (a green macro-alga). Cathodic (and anodic) stripping voltammetry (C(A)SV) were used to determine the concentrations of trace metals, both in the medium and in the algae, as well as total Cu-complexing organic ligands in the medium and, among these, some thiols (compounds identified as cysteine- or as glutathione by CSV). Exudates of different marine micro- and macro-algae could cause allelopathic effects in P. tricornutum cultures. Cell yield of P. tricornutum was increasingly promoted by exudates of E. huxleyi >Porphyra >Enteromorpha. Although exudates strongly complex Cu (and probably other metals), their presence promoted Cu uptake. Significant changes of Ni, Cd, Fe, Zn and Mn uptake by P. tricornutum were also observed in the presence of exudates of different algal species. In addition, both intensity of production and nature of exudates released by P. tricornutum were markedly influenced by the presence of exudates of other algae, the allelopathic effects being very specific (variable from one species to another). Allelopathy will probably also occur in the aquatic environment, although to a lesser extent than in cultures, particularly during bloom events and may have effects on both chemical speciation and bioavailability of chemicals to phytoplanktonic species. Such changes might cause the predominance of some species over other species. Therefore, in future in vitro culture studies with the purpose of using them as models of the real environment, more attention should be paid to the role of algal exudates, in order to improve the environmental relevance and significance of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa S D Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Simultaneous determination of trace aluminum (III), copper (II) and cadmium (II) in water samples by square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of oxine. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Gholivand M, Bahrami S, Abbasi S, Sohrabi A. Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cadmium by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Kapturski P, Bobrowski A. The silver amalgam film electrode in catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of cobalt and nickel. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Naseri NG, Baldock SJ, Economou A, Goddard NJ, Fielden PR. Disposable electrochemical flow cells for catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) at a bismuth film electrode (BiFE). Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1283-92. [PMID: 18351328 PMCID: PMC2413088 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) has been demonstrated at a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) in an injection-moulded electrochemical micro-flow cell. The polystyrene three-electrode flow cell was fabricated with electrodes moulded from a conducting grade of polystyrene containing 40% carbon fibre, one of which was precoated with Ag to enable its use as an on-chip Ag/AgCl reference electrode. CAdSV of Co(II) and Ni(II) in the presence of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) with nitrite employed as the catalyst was performed in order to assess the performance of the flow cell with an in-line plated BiFE. The injection-moulded electrodes were found to be suitable substrates for the formation of BiFEs. Key parameters such as the plating solution matrix, plating flow rate, analysis flow rate, solution composition and square-wave parameters have been characterised and optimal conditions selected for successful and rapid analysis of Co(II) and Ni(II) at the ppb level. The analytical response was linear over the range 1 to 20 ppb and deoxygenation of the sample solution was not required. The successful coupling of a microfluidic flow cell with a BiFE, thereby forming a “mercury-free” AdSV flow analysis sensor, shows promise for industrial and in-the-field applications where inexpensive, compact, and robust instrumentation capable of low-volume analysis is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Gharib Naseri
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gholivand M, Ahmadi F, Sohrabi A. Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Ultra Trace of Zinc and Lead with Carbidopa as Complexing Agent in Food and Water Samples. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Skogvold SM, Mikkelsen O, Billon G, Garnier C, Lesven L, Barthe JF. Electrochemical properties of silver–copper alloy microelectrodes for use in voltammetric field apparatus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1567-77. [PMID: 16550424 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 12/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrodes of silver-copper alloys have been evaluated for use in voltammetric analyses. Increased overpotential towards the hydrogen overvoltage reaction (HER) was found as a function of increased copper content in the silver. A study of oxidizing products by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in NaOH solution showed ten anodic and eight cathodic peaks which are described in the present paper. The behaviour of these alloy electrodes is somewhere between pure silver and pure copper electrodes. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was used to measure zinc, cadmium and lead in ultrapure water only (18 MOmegacm), and good linearity was found for all metals (r (2)=0.998) in the range of 0.5 to 5 ppb with a 600- to 1,200-s plating time. It was additionally found that cadmium and lead were better separated on the alloy electrodes compared to pure silver electrodes. Measurements of nickel were carried out on alloy electrodes by use of adsorptive differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (Ad-DPCSV), and good linearity (r (2)=1.000) was found in the range from 0.5 to 5 ppb with an adsorption time of 120 s. The alloy electrodes were also found to be sensitive to nitrate, and good linearity (r (2)=0.997) was found in the range from 1 mg L(-1) to 100 mg L(-1) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) scanning from -450 mV to -1,500 mV. Addition of nitrate in ultrapure water afforded two different peaks related to the successive reductions of nitrate and nitrite. In ammonium buffer solution (pH 8.6) only one peak resulting from reduction of nitrate was observed. Furthermore, the use of alloy electrodes containing 17% Cu was tested in real samples, by installing it in a voltammetric system for monitoring of zinc and lead in a polluted river, the river Deûle, near the town of Douai in northern France. Results were found to be in agreement with parallel measurements carried out by ICP-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silje M Skogvold
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Babaei A, Shams E, Samadzadeh A. Simultaneous Determination of Copper, Bismuth and Lead by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in the Presence of Thymolphthalexone. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:955-9. [PMID: 16837745 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, sensitive and selective adsorptive stripping procedure for simultaneous determination of copper, bismuth and lead is presented. The method is based on the adsorptive accumulation of thymolphthalexone (TPN) complexes of these elements onto a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by reduction of adsorbed species by voltammetric scan using differential pulse modulation. The influences of control variables on the sensitivity of the proposed method for the simultaneous determination of copper, lead and bismuth were studied using the Derringer desirability function. The optimum analytical conditions were found to be TPN concentration of 4.0 microM, pH of 9.0, and accumulation potential at -800 mV vs. Ag/AgCl with an accumulation time of 80 s. The peak currents are proportional to the concentration of copper, bismuth and lead over the 0.4-300, 1-200 and 1-100 ng mL(-1) ranges with detection limits of 0.4, 0.8 and 0.7 ng mL(-1), respectively. The procedure was applied to the simultaneous determination of copper, bismuth and lead in the tap water and some synthetic samples with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Babaei
- Department of Chemistry, Arak University, PO Box 38156-879, Arak, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rao TP, Metilda P, Gladis JM. Overview of Analytical Methodologies for Sea Water Analysis: Part I—Metals. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340500431272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Cobelo-García A, Santos-Echeandía J, Prego R, Nieto O. Direct Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Ni and V in Seawater Using Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Ligands. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
Doğutan M, Filik H, Apak R. Preconcentration of manganese(II) from natural and sea water on a palmitoyl quinolin-8-ol functionalized XAD copolymer resin and spectrophotometric determination with the formaldoxime reagent. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Queiroz ZF, Rocha FR, Knapp G, Krug FJ. Flow system with in-line separation/preconcentration coupled to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with W–Rh permanent modifier for copper determination in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Zayats GD, Meryan VT, Revenco MD, Chiugureanu DG. DETERMINATION OF THE LEAD BY ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY IN THE PRESENCE OF 2,2′-DIPYRIDYL– 2,4-DIOXYBENZOIC ACID MOLECULAR COMPLEX. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
30
|
Garay F, Solis VM. Adsorptive square wave voltammetry of metal complexes. Effect of ligand concentration. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Vasconcelos TM, Leal FM. Adsorption and uptake of Cu by Emiliania huxleyi in natural seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:508-515. [PMID: 11351721 DOI: 10.1021/es000954p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-term kinetic experiments, carried out in natural coastal seawater (with predetermined background levels of trace metals and organic ligands, L) enriched with nitrate and phosphate, demonstrated that Emiliania huxleyi was able to uptake Cu very quickly. After 10 min of exposure (background Cu level in the inoculated cells: [Cu]total cellular = 9.3 x 10(-17) mol cell-1, [Cu]intracellular = 8.4 x 10(-17) mol cell-1, and [Cu]extracellular = 1.0 x 10(-17) mol cell-1) to a natural seawater which contained 29 nM total initial dissolved Cu concentration ([Cu]d) (29 nM [CuL] and 3.2 x 10(-13) M free Cu concentration, [Cu2+]) the intracellular Cu was already 28 x 10(-17) mol cell-1. This value corresponded to 85% of the intracellular metal observed in pseudoequilibrium conditions (after 24 h of exposure) and to 88% of the total metal sorption (adsorption plus uptake) after 10 min. In contrast, the external adsorption after 10 min was only 3.0 x 10(-17) mol cell-1 which corresponded to 60% of the extracellular metal in pseudoequilibrium conditions. Simultaneously occurred a very fast release of organic ligands (L) by E. huxleyi, the majority being identified by cathodic stripping voltammetry as glutathione. The production of exudates increased with both Cu concentration and exposure time. After 10 min of exposure, the production of exudates in a medium with 129 nM [Cu]d (72 nM [CuL] and 7.9 x 10(-13) M [Cu2+]) was 51 nM, about 42% of that observed in pseudoequilibrium. As the Cu complexes with the organic ligands present in the medium were very stable (logarithm of the conditional stability constant: 12.18 +/- 0.06) and the ligand concentration in the medium was relatively high (e.g. 123 nM CL in the medium with 129 nM initial [Cu]d after 10 min of exposure) most of the metal was organically bound in the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Vasconcelos
- Laquipai, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garay F, Solis V, Lovrić M. Cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry of Cu(II)–oxine complexes. A mechanistic study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
33
|
Garay F, Solı́s V. Square wave stripping voltammetry of Cd–oxine complexes; surface redox reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Achterberg EP, Braungardt C. Stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace metal speciation and in-situ measurements of trace metal distributions in marine waters. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
35
|
Hilmi A, Luong JH, Nguyen AL. Utilization of TiO2 deposited on glass plates for removal of metals from aqueous wastes. CHEMOSPHERE 1999; 38:865-874. [PMID: 10903117 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glass plates coated with TiO2 were used in a photocatalytic process to collect mercury, lead, copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions containing individual metals and mixtures. Stripping voltammetry, verified to achieve 1-10 ppb detection limits, was used to show that individual metals at concentrations of 1000 to 5200 ppb were reduced to undetectable levels in 3 to 55 min. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid as complexing agent was used when appropriate, since it could quantitate all four metals under study in one run although it was less sensitive. It was demonstrated that 100 mL solutions containing 10 ppm of each of the four metals could be treated with a 10 cm2 TiO2-coated plate to leave undetectable metal concentrations in one hour. Stripping voltammetry using carbon electrodes coated with mercury films was estimated to generate daily about 1.1 L of aqueous waste containing 0.1 ppm of each metal. The results indicate the feasibility of assembling an apparatus capable of treating the waste generated by stripping voltammetry to render the latter suitable for routine on-site analyses without environmental concern. Data were also obtained to show the effectiveness in treating silver containing solutions, indicating suitability of the photocatalytic process in treating photographic processing wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hilmi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cuculić V, Mlakar M, Branica M. Influence of the HEPES Buffer on Electrochemical Reaction of the Copper(II)-Salicylaldoxime Complex. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199809)10:12<852::aid-elan852>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
37
|
Wang J, Lu J, Luo D, Wang J, Tian B. Simultaneous adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of trace chromium, uranium, and iron in the presence of cupferron. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Wang J, Lu J, Wang J, Luo D, Tian B. Simultaneous measurements of trace chromium and uranium using mixed ligand adsorptive stripping analysis. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|