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Chen C, La M, Yi X, Huang M, Xia N, Zhou Y. Progress in Electrochemical Immunosensors with Alkaline Phosphatase as the Signal Label. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:855. [PMID: 37754089 PMCID: PMC10526794 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors have shown great potential in clinical diagnosis, food safety, environmental protection, and other fields. The feasible and innovative combination of enzyme catalysis and other signal-amplified elements has yielded exciting progress in the development of electrochemical immunosensors. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the most popularly used enzyme reporters in bioassays. It has been widely utilized to design electrochemical immunosensors owing to its significant advantages (e.g., high catalytic activity, high turnover number, and excellent substrate specificity). In this work, we summarized the achievements of electrochemical immunosensors with ALP as the signal reporter. We mainly focused on detection principles and signal amplification strategies and briefly discussed the challenges regarding how to further improve the performance of ALP-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changdong Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Ming La
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yanbiao Zhou
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 476000, China
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2
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Sun M, Li R, Zhang J, Yan K, Liu M. One-pot synthesis of a CdS-reduced graphene oxide-carbon nitride composite for self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensing of PCB72. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5982-5988. [PMID: 30888368 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) is a carbon-based metal-free semiconductor, which has been widely explored as a photoactive material. In this work, the CdS, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and C3N4 (CdS-rGO-C3N4) composite was synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and utilized to construct a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor. Compared with CdS, C3N4 and CdS-C3N4, the CdS-rGO-C3N4 composite exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, due to the expanded absorption of C3N4 in the visible region by CdS and promoted the charge carrier separation of a photoelectrode by rGO. Based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with CdS-rGO-C3N4 and a PCB72-binding aptamer (ap/CdS-rGO-C3N4/GCE), a PEC aptasensor for the detection of 2,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB72) was developed. When H2O2 was added into the electrolyte, the PEC sensor exhibited an amplified response toward PCB72, and could be operated in a self-powered mode at a potential of 0 V. Under optimum conditions, the constructed PEC aptasensor exhibited a wide linear range of 10 to 1000 ng mL-1 for PCB72 detection, with a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.0 ng mL-1. Moreover, this aptasensor exhibited high selectivity, good reproducibility and high stability. The applicability of the developed PEC strategy was demonstrated by determining PCB72 in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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Mahmoudpour M, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J, Torbati M, Homayouni-Rad A. Nanomaterials based surface plasmon resonance signal enhancement for detection of environmental pollutions. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Marrazza G, Minunni M, Palchetti I. To the memory of Marco Mascini: His contribution in the field of biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Choi YB, Kim NH, Kim SH, Tae GS, Kim HH. Heterogeneous electrochemical immunoassay of hippuric acid on the electrodeposited organic films. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:18886-97. [PMID: 25313491 PMCID: PMC4239960 DOI: 10.3390/s141018886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By directly coordinating hippuric acid (HA) to the ferrate (Fe) as an electron transfer mediator, we synthesized a Fe-HA complex, which shows a good electrochemical signal and thus enables the electrochemical immunoanalysis for HA. We electrodeposited organic films containing imidazole groups on the electrode surface and then bonded Ni ion (positive charge) to induce immobilization of Fe-HA (negative charge) through the electrostatic interaction. The heterogeneous competitive immunoassay system relies on the interaction between immobilized Fe-HA antigen conjugate and free HA antigen to its antibody (anti-HA). The electric signal becomes weaker due to the hindered electron transfer reaction when a large-sized HA antibody is bound onto the Fe-HA. However, in the presence of HA, the electric signal increases because free HA competitively reacts with the HA antibody prior to actual reaction and thus prevents the HA antibody from interacting with Fe-HA at the electrode surface. This competition reaction enabled an electrochemical quantitative analysis of HA concentration with a detection limit of 0.5 μg mL(-1), and thus allowed us to develop a simple and rapid electrochemical immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bong Choi
- Department of chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyuk Kim
- Department of chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hoi Kim
- Department of chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
| | - Gun-Sik Tae
- Department of biology, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
| | - Hyug-Han Kim
- Department of chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Anseo-Dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
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Konopińska K, Pietrzak M, Malinowska E. Studies on the construction and operation of miniaturized potentiometric biosensors. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Jeon WY, Choi YB, Kim HH. Homogeneous Electrochemical Detection of Hippuric Acid in Urine Based on the Osmium-Antigen Conjugate. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2331-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yorganci E, Akyilmaz E. Alkaline phosphatase based amperometric biosensor immobilized by cysteamine-glutaraldehyde modified self-assembled monolayer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:317-23. [PMID: 21663400 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.563363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was immobilized with cross-linking agents glutaraldehyde and cysteamine by forming a self-assembled monolayer on a screen printed gold electrode. ALP converts p-nitrophenyl phosphate to p-nitrophenol and phosphate. p-Nitrophenol loses H(+) ion and turns into the negatively charged compound p-nitrophenolate at medium pH. As a result, the unstable product formed is measured chronoamperometrically at an application potential of + 0.95 V. The biosensor response depends linearly on p-nitrophenyl phosphate concentration between 0.05 - 0.6 mM with a response time of 40 seconds. Detection limit of the biosensor is 0.033 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Yorganci
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Van Dyk JS, Pletschke B. Review on the use of enzymes for the detection of organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:291-307. [PMID: 21055790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are released intentionally into the environment and, through various processes, contaminate the environment. Three of the main classes of pesticides that pose a serious problem are organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. While pesticides are associated with many health effects, there is a lack of monitoring data on these contaminants. Traditional chromatographic methods are effective for the analysis of pesticides in the environment, but have limitations and prevent adequate monitoring. Enzymatic methods have been promoted for many years as an alternative method of detection of these pesticides. The main enzymes that have been utilised in this regard have been acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, organophosphorus hydrolase and tyrosinase. The enzymatic methods are based on the activation or inhibition of the enzyme by a pesticide which is proportional to the concentration of the pesticide. Research on enzymatic methods of detection, as well as some of the problems and challenges associated with these methods, is extensively discussed in this review. These methods can serve as a tool for screening large samples which can be followed up with the more traditional chromatographic methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Susan Van Dyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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10
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Electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on heterogeneous carbon materials. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Zari N, Amine A, Ennaji MM. Label-Free DNA Biosensor for Electrochemical Detection of Short DNA Sequences Related to Human Papilloma Virus. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802421897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Zari
- a Laboratoire des Analyses Chimiques et Biocapteurs, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université HassanII-Mohammedia , Mohammedia , Morocco
- b Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université HassanII-Mohammedia , Mohammedia , Morocco
| | - A. Amine
- a Laboratoire des Analyses Chimiques et Biocapteurs, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université HassanII-Mohammedia , Mohammedia , Morocco
| | - M. M. Ennaji
- b Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université HassanII-Mohammedia , Mohammedia , Morocco
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Silva E, Mascini M, Centi S, Turner APF. Detection of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Milk using a Disposable Immunomagnetic Electrochemical Sensor. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701327054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Piermarini S, Micheli L, Ammida NHS, Palleschi G, Moscone D. Electrochemical immunosensor array using a 96-well screen-printed microplate for aflatoxin B1 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1434-40. [PMID: 16893640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical immunosensor array, based on a microtiter plate coupled to a multichannel electrochemical detection (MED) system using the intermittent pulse amperometry (IPA) technique, is proposed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In the present work, the electrochemical behaviour and electroanalytical performance of the thick-film carbon sensors (also designated as screen-printed electrodes) incorporated in the multichannel electrochemical plate were first evaluated. Then the 96-well screen-printed microplate was modified in accord with a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) format for aflatoxin B1 detection. The measurements were performed using both spectrophotometric and electrochemical procedures and the results of the calibration curves, detection limit (LOD), sensitivity and reproducibility of the respective assay systems were evaluated. The immunoassay was then applied for analysis of corn samples spiked with AFB1 before and after the extraction treatment, in order to study the extraction efficiency and the matrix effect, respectively. These studies have shown that using this system, AFB1 can be measured at a level of 30 pg/mL and with a working range between 0.05 and 2 ng/mL. Good recoveries (103+/-8%) were obtained, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed assay for accurate determination of the AFB1 concentration in corn samples. The specificity of the assay was assessed by studying the cross-reactivity of PAb relative to AFB1. The results indicated that the PAb could readily distinguish AFB1 from other aflatoxins, with the exception for AFG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piermarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Chapter 29 Rapid detection of organophosphates, Ochratoxin A, and Fusarium sp. in durum wheat via screen printed based electrochemical sensors. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7147853 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the inhibition bioassays or biosensors for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are based on the amperometric detection of the enzymatic product of the reaction. Applications of amperometric biosensing strategies for pesticide detection in real or spiked food samples have been recently reported. Most of the applications have been developed for vegetable matrices. Different formats of biosensors have been used: disposable screenprinted choline oxidase biosensors using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in solution were utilized to detect pesticides. Screen-printed sensor developed using photolithographic conducting copper track, graphite–epoxy composite, and either AChE or butirrylcholinesterase was also used in the analysis of spiked (paraoxon and carbofuran) samples of tap water and fruit juices at sub-nanomolar concentration. Additionally, the developed device, which consists of the hand-held potentiostat, the multiplexer for eight-channel control and a dedicated software, can be used to detect organophosphates pesticides, such as dichlorvos and pirimiphos methyl at contamination level below the maximum residue limit settled by the European Union and also amplified DNA of F. culmorum.
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Dong H, Li CM, Zhou Q, Sun JB, Miao JM. Sensitive electrochemical enzyme immunoassay microdevice based on architecture of dual ring electrodes with a sensing cavity chamber. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:621-6. [PMID: 16540307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical detection architecture was investigated for enzyme immunoassay sensors. Microchips with dual-ring working and counter electrodes, and a sensing cavity chamber were made on glass slides. The glass surface of the microchip was coated by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Goat IgG, as a example, was covalently captured on APTES-modified glass surfaces through glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. Enzyme substrate, p-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP) was prepared by electrolysis. The enzyme conversion from home-synthetic PAPP to p-aminophenol (PAP) was examined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was designed to test the system. Experimental results demonstrate that a detection limit of 118 fg/ml of goat IgG and a dynamic range of 118 fg/ml to 1.18 ng/ml, up to five orders of magnitude could be achieved. Due to its novel architecture design and electronic detection scheme, the method can be used to fabricate portable electrochemical ELISA lab-on-chip systems. The technology could have great potential in clinical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Volpe G, Fares G, delli Quadri F, Draisci R, Ferretti G, Marchiafava C, Moscone D, Palleschi G. A disposable immunosensor for detection of 17β-estradiol in non-extracted bovine serum. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 572:11-6. [PMID: 17723455 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the assembly of a disposable immunosensor based on the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for simple and fast measurement of 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2) in bovine serum, using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and a Palm-Sens portable electrochemical detector. The immunosensor strip was assembled immobilising, by passive adsorption, anti-rabbit IgG onto the surface of the working SPE electrode. After the interaction between anti-rabbit IgG and rabbit anti-17beta-E2 polyclonal antibodies (PAb), the competition was performed using 17beta-estradiol-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (17beta-E2-AP) synthesised in our laboratory. The enzymatic substrate used for signal generation was 1-naphthylphosphate and its conversion to an electroactive product (1-naphthol) was measured using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). To develop a prototype for field measurements, the entire competitive protocol has been optimised directly in a blank non-extracted bovine serum. According to the new EU criteria established by the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for qualitative and quantitative screening methods, the detection capability (CCbeta), was determined. The CCbeta value resulted below the action limit (40 pg mL(-1)) fixed for 17beta-E2) Spiked and real samples were analysed using the electrochemical immunostrips obtaining precision values (relative standard deviation, R.S.D.%) ranging from 8.6 to 17.0% and a recovery (R%) from 88.2 to 120.0%. Results obtained on real samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled on-line with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source and a heated nebulizer (HN) interface; this is the method currently used to confirm illegal hormone administration for regulatory purposes. The disposable immunosensor appears suitable as a screening tool for field analysis of bovine serum estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Volpe
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Ammida NHS, Micheli L, Piermarini S, Moscone D, Palleschi G. Detection of Aflatoxin B1in Barley: Comparative Study of Immunosensor and HPLC. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600713248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Biosensors as useful tools for environmental analysis and monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1025-41. [PMID: 16807703 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development and application of biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are reviewed in this article. Several examples of biosensors developed for relevant environmental pollutants and parameters are briefly overviewed. Special attention is paid to the application of biosensors to real environmental samples, taking into consideration aspects such as sample pretreatment, matrix effects and validation of biosensor measurements. Current trends in biosensor development are also considered and commented on in this work. In this context, nanotechnology, miniaturisation, multi-sensor array development and, especially, biotechnology arise as fast-growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Reagentless detection of alkaline phosphatase using electrochemically grafted films of aromatic diazonium salts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mascini M, Del Carlo M, Minunni M, Chen B, Compagnone D. Identification of mammalian species using genosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2005; 67:163-9. [PMID: 16122686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 06/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the development of DNA biosensors for the identification of mammalian species in real samples based on specific oligonucleotide probes. The oligonucleotide sequences (the probes) of each species studied were selected starting from the sequence of satellites DNA. Two inosine-modified (guanine-free) DNA sequences of 21 and 25 bases have been immobilised on screen printed electrodes (SPEs) as capturing agent and the detection of the duplex formation, via guanine oxidation of the target, was examined and optimised. The duplex formation was detected using the square-wave voltammetry. The developed sensors were applied on bovine and porcine DNA extract samples without polymerase chain reaction (PCR), after a restriction enzyme digestion to avoid steric hindrance. Using standard solutions the hybridisation event was identified when 3 microg/mL of complementary oligonucleotide were presented in solution with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 15%. Using total genomic DNA extracts a clear discrimination of the species with a detection limit of less than 30 microg/ml of total genomic bovine DNA was obtained (CV < 20%). The sensors were able to discriminate among the species indicating that the approach is suitable for the identification of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Mascini
- University of Teramo, Department of Food Sciences, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Moore E, Kreuzer M, Pravda M, Guilbault G. Development of a Rapid Single-Drop Analysis Biosensor for Screening of Phenanthrene in Water Samples. ELECTROANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ammida NH, Micheli L, Palleschi G. Electrochemical immunosensor for determination of aflatoxin B1 in barley. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rishpon J. Electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2002; 17:219-247. [PMID: 12462484 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2002.17.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors offer precision, sensitivity, rapidity, and ease of operation for on-site environmental analysis. An electrochemical biosensor is an analytical device in which a specific biological recognition element (bioreceptor) is integrated within or intimately associated with an electrode (transducer) that converts the recognition event to a measurable electrical signal for the purpose of detecting a target compound (analyte) in solution. The signal generated allows both qualitative and quantitative measurements of an analyte in real time. In most cases, a miniaturized electrochemical cell contains a low volume of analyte, which is vital when dealing with hazardous materials and makes such devices ideal for environmental monitoring. This approach not only provides the means for on-site analysis but also removes the time delay and sample alteration that can occur during transport to a centralized laboratory. We first address the basic principles of electroanalytical measurement and the merger of electrochemistry and biology into a biosensing system, and then we discuss various environmental monitoring strategies involving this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rishpon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pemberton RM, Hart JP, Mottram TT. An electrochemical immunosensor for milk progesterone using a continuous flow system. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:715-23. [PMID: 11679249 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for cow's milk progesterone has been developed and used in a competitive immunoassay under thin-layer, continuous-flow conditions. Single-use biosensors were fabricated by depositing anti-progesterone monoclonal antibody (mAb) onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Three operational steps could be identified: (1) Competitive binding of sample/conjugate (alkaline-phosphatase-labelled progesterone, AP-prog) mixture, (2) establishment of a steady-state amperometric baseline current and (3), measurement of an amperometric signal in the presence of enzyme substrate (1-naphthyl phosphate, 1-NP). In the thin-layer cell, the enzyme product, 1-naphthol, showed electrochemical behaviour consistent with bulk conditions and gave a linear amperometric response under continuous-flow conditions (E(app)=+0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl) over the range 0.1-1.0 microg/ml. After pre-incubating biosensors with progesterone standards, signal generation within the cell (substrate concentration=5 mM) was recorded amperometrically as rate (nA/s) or maximum current (i(max), nA). Response values for milk standards were approximately 50% of those prepared in buffer. In both cases, calibration plots over the range 0-50 ng/ml progesterone were obtained. By conducting sample binding under flowing conditions, only 7% of the previous response was obtained, even at a substrate concentration of 50 mM, resulting in low signal:noise ratio. Using a stop-flow arrangement (i.e. quiescent sample binding, followed by continuous flow), low-noise amperograms were obtained at [1-NP]=5 mM. Calibration plots were obtained over the range 0-25 ng/ml, with a coefficient of variation of 12.5% for five replicate real milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Pemberton
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Zhang C, Haruyama T, Kobatake E, Aizawa M. Disposable electrochemical capillary-fill device for glucose sensing incorporating a water-soluble enzyme/mediator layer. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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NOMURA Y, SHIMOMURA M, ZHANG W, SAKINO M, UCHIYAMA S, KARUBE I. Application of Immuno Assay to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for Atrazine Measurement. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.68.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko NOMURA
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mifumi SHIMOMURA
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Wei ZHANG
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masato SAKINO
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Isao KARUBE
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
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29
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30
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Castañón-Fernández J, Fernández-Abedul M, Costa-Garcı́a A. Kinetic determination of acid phosphatase activity by double injection flow analysis with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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32
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Kokado A, Arakawa H, Maeda M. New electrochemical assay of alkaline phosphatase using ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and its application to enzyme immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Fernández-Sánchez C, González-García MB, Costa-García A. AC voltammetric carbon paste-based enzyme immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2000; 14:917-24. [PMID: 10722149 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon paste electrodes, previously anodised in a basic media, are the basis for the development of a new voltammetric immunosensor device. Passive adsorption of the appropriate immunochemical reagent was performed onto the electrode surface. Alkaline Phosphatase labelled immunoglobulin was the tracer used in this work, 3-indoxyl phosphate being a very suitable enzymatic substrate for the electrochemical detection of the corresponding affinity reaction. The hydrolysis of this molecule generates indigo dimmer. This product was detected by alternating current voltammetry taking advantage of the adsorptive and inherent electrodic properties that it exhibits. The same electrochemical anodisation was used at the end of one assay to remove the entire protein layer attached to the carbon paste surface, allowing the formation of a new sensing phase and the use of the same support in several consecutive experiments. The methodology was applied to the design of two different immunoassays for the determination of human IgG. Good reproducibility of the electrodic signal and a limit of detection around 10(-10) M were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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34
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Determination of acid phosphatase activity in a double injection flow system with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Marco MP, Barceló D. Chapter 22 Fundamentals and applications of biosensors for environmental analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(00)80028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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36
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Marrazza G, Chianella I, Mascini M. Disposable DNA electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Marrazza G, Chianella I, Mascini M. Disposable DNA electrochemical sensor for hybridization detection. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:43-51. [PMID: 10028648 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A disposable electrochemical sensor for the detection of short DNA sequences is described. Synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotides have been immobilized onto graphite screen printed electrodes with two procedures, the first involving the binding of avidinbiotinylated oligonucleotide and the second adsorption at a controlled potential. The probes were hybridized with different concentrations of complementary sequences. The formed hybrids on the electrode surface were evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry and chronopotentiometric stripping analysis using daunomycin hydrochloride as indicator of hybridization reaction. The probe immobilization step, the hybridization event and the indicator detection, have been optimized. The DNA sensor obtained by adsorption at a controlled potential was able to detect 1 microgram/ml of target sequence in the buffer solution using chronopotentiometric stripping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marrazza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Epidemiologia, Chimica Analitica Ambientale, Sez. Chimica Analitica, Firenze, Italy
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Fernández-Sánchez C, Costa-Garcı´a A. 3-Indoxyl Phosphate: an Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate for Enzyme Immunoassays with Voltammetric Detection. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199804)10:4<249::aid-elan249>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Sol-gel processing is used for the first time for the preparation of electrochemical immunosensors. One-step sensor fabrication, based on the coupling of sol-gel and screen-printing technologies, is employed. A low-temperature cured ink is prepared by dispersion of rabbit immunoglobulin G (RIgG), graphite powder, and a binder in the sol-gel solution. The enzyme-labeled antibody can readily diffuse toward the encapsulated antigen, which retains its binding properties, and the association reaction is easily detected at the dispersed graphite surface. Use of anti-RIgG labeled with alkaline phosphatase, naphthyl phosphate as the substrate, and amperometric detection at +400 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) results in a low detection limit of 5 ng/mL (32 pM) for the solution antigen. Tailoring the porosity of the ceramic-carbon matrix can be used for tuning the assay performance. The high sensitivity, low cost, durability, and simplicity of the new single-use immunosensors make them well suited for various on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA
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Castillo M, Barceló D. Analysis of industrial effluents to determine endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Trends Analyt Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(97)00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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