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Development and validation of a rapid reversed-phase liquid chromatography method for CnAMP1 peptide quantification in human intestinal cell lines. Amino Acids 2018; 51:407-418. [PMID: 30430331 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant foods are rich sources of biologically active peptides that may have a role in the prevention of diseases. Coconut water is a valuable beverage due to its nutrient composition and the presence of bioactive compounds, such as the peptide CnAMP1. It is unknown if CnAMP1 can be absorbed into intestinal cells. We, therefore, aimed to develop and validate a simple reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method to quantify the peptide in Caco-2 and LS180 cell lysates. CnAMP1 standards (1-200 µmol/L) and spiked cell lysates were injected onto a Reprosil-Pur 120 C18-AQ column (4.6 × 250 mm) using acetonitrile:water:trifluoroacetic acid (14.0:85.9:0.1, by volume) as mobile phase in isocratic mode at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method achieved rapid separation (total run time of 6 min), with linear response, good sensitivity (limit of detection, 8.2 ng; lower limit of quantification, 30.6 ng) and no interfering peaks. Best recoveries (84-96%), accuracies (7.6-14.8%) and precision (1.5-8%) were found for LS180 cell lysates spiked with medium (50 µmol/L) and high (100 µmol/L) amounts of the peptide. Uptake assays detected no peptides in the cell lysates; however, after the first 15-min incubation CnAMP1 underwent partial hydrolysis upon incubation with LS180 cells (29%) and extensive hydrolysis with Caco-2 cells (93%).
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2
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Magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) microspheres for affinity purification of monospecific anti-p46 kDa/Myo1C antibodies for early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis patients. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160526. [PMID: 28351895 PMCID: PMC5484020 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to develop new magnetic polymer microspheres with
functional groups available for easy protein and antibody binding. Monodisperse
macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-COOH) microspheres
~4 µm in diameter and containing ∼1 mmol COOH/g
were synthesized by multistep swelling polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), and 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methoxy]ethyl
methacrylate (MCMEMA), which was followed by MCMEMA hydrolysis. The microspheres were
rendered magnetic by precipitation of iron oxide inside the pores, which made them
easily separable in a magnetic field. Properties of the resulting magnetic
poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (mgt.PHEMA) particles with COOH functionality were
examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), static
volumetric adsorption of helium and nitrogen, mercury porosimetry, Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and elemental analysis.
Mgt.PHEMA microspheres were coupled with p46/Myo1C protein purified from blood
serum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which enabled easy isolation of
monospecific anti-p46/Myo1C immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from crude
antibody preparations of mouse blood serum. High efficiency of this approach was
confirmed by SDS/PAGE, Western blot, and dot blot analyses. The newly
developed mgt.PHEMA microspheres conjugated with a potential disease biomarker,
p46/Myo1C protein, are thus a promising tool for affinity purification of
antibodies, which can improve diagnosis and treatment of MS patients.
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2D-LC as an on-line desalting tool allowing peptide identification directly from MS unfriendly HPLC methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Improving Proteome Coverage by Reducing Sample Complexity via Chromatography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 919:83-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41448-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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D'Hondt M, Gevaert B, Stalmans S, Van Dorpe S, Wynendaele E, Peremans K, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. Reversed-phase fused-core HPLC modeling of peptides. J Pharm Anal 2012; 3:93-101. [PMID: 29403802 PMCID: PMC5760978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different fused-core stationary phase chemistries (C18, Amide, Phenyl-hexyl and Peptide ES-C18) were used for the analysis of 21 structurally representative model peptides. In addition, the effects of the mobile phase composition (ACN or MeOH as organic modifier; formic acid or acetic acid, as acidifying component) on the column selectivity, peak shape and overall chromatographic performance were evaluated. The RP-amide column, combined with a formic acid–acetonitrile based gradient system, performed as best. A peptide reversed-phase retention model is proposed, consisting of 5 variables: log SumAA, log Sv, clog P, log nHDon and log nHAcc. Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models were constructed for 16 different chromatographic systems. The accuracy of this peptide retention model was demonstrated by the comparison between predicted and experimentally obtained retention times, explaining on average 86% of the variability. Moreover, using an external set of 5 validation peptides, the predictive power of the model was also demonstrated. This peptide retention model includes the novel in-silico calculated amino acid descriptor, AA, which was calculated from log P, 3D-MoRSE, RDF and WHIM descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Van Dorpe
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Departments of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Departments of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Rabouan S, Macouin G, Prognon P, Barthès D. POST-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF OLIGOPEPTIDES USING TERBIUM-SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Huang TM, Zhang HY, Chen NZ, Deng CH, Liu Z, Duan GL. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Peptides in a Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, Lu-Ying-Ke-Li. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Oliva A, Bordignon G, Mallol J, Mazzi U, Fariña JB. APPLICATION OF THE ICH GUIDELINES IN VALIDATION OF A CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR CCK-4 FRAGMENT OF CHOLECYSTOKININ. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Oliva
- a Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica , Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200, Spain
| | - Guido Bordignon
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Jesus Mallol
- c Laboratorios Schering España S. A. , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulderico Mazzi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Padova , via F. Marzolo 5, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - José B. Fariña
- a Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica , Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de La Laguna , La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200, Spain
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9
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Thiébaut D, Vial J, Michel M, Hennion MC, Greibrokk T. Evaluation of reversed phase columns designed for polar compounds and porous graphitic carbon in “trapping” and separating neurotransmitters. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1122:97-104. [PMID: 16723131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of neurotransmitters as biologically active analytes in neurological samples is of high interest for studying their effect on multiple targets. This work is part of a strategy involving two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) system with mass spectrometry (MS) detection. The concept of the on-line LC system is the coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC, the second separation dimension) to ion-exchange chromatography (IEC, the first dimension). Our objective in this study is to find the appropriate second dimension column, ensuring that samples of neurotransmitters are refocused and separated on it. Silica-based columns designed specifically to retain polar compounds were tested in LC conditions and compared with results obtained with a porous graphitic carbon (PGC, Hypercarb) column. These polar embedded, polar endcapped, and high-density alkyl chain columns successfully separated analytes in question using mobile phase systems with high percentage of water, or even pure water. Only Hypercarb column provided efficient retention of the most polar neurotransmitters and could be used for trapping and preconcentrating the compounds without rapid breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Thiébaut
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (CNRS, UMR 7121), ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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Drapała A, Jönsson JÅ, Wieczorek P. Peptides analysis in blood plasma using on-line system of supported liquid membrane and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Brykina GD, Zharikova VS, Matusova SM, Shpigun OA. Chromatographic Properties of HPLC Sorbents Modified with Zinc Octa-4,5-Carboxyphthalocyanate. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Nogueira R, Lämmerhofer M, Lindner W. Alternative high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide separation and purification concept using a new mixed-mode reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange type stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:158-69. [PMID: 16130784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a new complementary peptide separation and purification concept that makes use of a novel mixed-mode reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange (RP/WAX) type stationary phase. The RP/WAX is based on N-(10-undecenoyl)-3-aminoquinuclidine selector, which is covalently immobilized on thiol-modified silica particles (5 microm, 100 A pore diameter) by radical addition reaction. Remaining thiol groups are capped by radical addition with 1-hexene. This newly developed separation material contains two distinct binding domains in a single chromatographic interactive ligand: a lipophilic alkyl chain for hydrophobic interactions with lipophilic moieties of the solute, such as in the reversed-phase chromatography, and a cationic site for anion-exchange chromatography with oppositely charged solutes, which also enables repulsive ionic interactions with positively charged functional groups, leading to ion-exclusion phenomena. The beneficial effect that may result from the combination of the two chromatographic modes is exemplified by the application of this new separation material for the chromatographic separation of the N- and C-terminally protected tetrapeptide N-acetyl-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide from its side products. Mobile phase variables have been thoroughly investigated to optimize the separation and to get a deeper insight into the retention and separation mechanism, which turned out to be more complex than any of the individual chromatography modes alone. A significant anion-exchange retention contribution at optimal pH of 4.5 was found only for acetate but not for formate as counter-ion. In loadability studies using acetate, peptide masses up to 200 mg could be injected onto an analytical 250 mm x 4 mm i.d. RP/WAX column (5 microm) still without touching bands of major impurity and target peptide peaks. The corresponding loadability tests with formate allowed the injection of only 25% of this amount. The analysis of the purified peptide by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV and HPLC-ESI-MS employing RP-18 columns revealed that the known major impurities have all been removed by a single chromatographic step employing the RP/WAX stationary phase. The better selectivity and enhanced sample loading capacity in comparison to RP-HPLC resulted in an improved productivity of the new purification protocol. For example, the yield of pure peptide per chromatographic run on RP/WAX phase was by a factor of about 15 higher compared to the standard gradient elution RP-purification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nogueira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Institute of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Buszewski B, Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K. New Generation of Chromatographic Packings and Columns for Determination of Biologically Active Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340500207367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Tani H, Matsubara T, Kamidate T. Use of cholate derivatives with submicellar concentration for controlling selectivity of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1016:51-60. [PMID: 14601827 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) of proteins using a phenyl column has been performed in the presence of various surfactants with micellar and submicellar concentration ranges. Most surfactants were effective for a decrease in the retention of proteins in both concentration ranges. However, the use of anionic cholate derivatives increased the retention of the proteins with high isoelectric point, such as lysozyme, cytochrome c, and trypsin, in submicellar concentration range, and then decreased it above the critical micellar concentration, while the retention of the other proteins was monotonously decreased. The results of frontal chromatographic analysis of the surfactant and capillary electrophoresis for the proteins in the presence of surfactant show that in the submicellar concentration range, cholate derivatives allowed to be adsorbed on the stationary phase, while they exhibited no interactions with the proteins. Thus, it appeared that the increase in the retention of basic proteins was due to the electrostatic attraction between the proteins and cholate-modified stationary phase. We have applied the unique property of cholate to the separation of ovalbumin and lysozyme in egg white sample using hydrophobic chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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15
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Shediac R, Ngola SM, Throckmorton DJ, Anex DS, Shepodd TJ, Singh AK. Reversed-phase electrochromatography of amino acids and peptides using porous polymer monoliths. J Chromatogr A 2001; 925:251-63. [PMID: 11519810 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid separation of minute levels of amino acids and bioactive peptides is of significant importance in the emerging field of proteomics as well as in the clinical and pharmaceutical arena. We have developed novel UV-initiated acrylate-based porous polymer monoliths as stationary phases for capillary- and chip-electrochromatography of cationic, anionic, and neutral amino acids and peptides, followed by absorbance or laser-induced fluorescence detection. The rigid monoliths are cast-to-shape and are tunable for charge and hydrophobicity. For separations at low pH, monoliths containing quaternary amine moieties were used to achieve high electroosmotic flow, and for high pH separations monoliths with acidic sulfonic acid groups were employed. Efficient and reproducible separations of phenylthiohydantoin-labeled amino acids, native peptides, and amino acids and peptides labeled with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) were achieved using both negatively- and positively-charged polymer monoliths in capillaries. Separation efficiencies in the range of 65,000-371,000 plates/m were obtained with capillary electrochromatography. Buffer composition and the degree of column hydrophobicity were studied systematically to optimize separations. The monoliths were also cast in the microchannels of glass chips and electrochromatographic separation followed by laser-induced fluorescence detection of three NDA-labeled bioactive peptides was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shediac
- Chemical & Radiation Detection Laboratories, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA
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16
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Pacáková V, Hubená S, Tichá M, Mad ra M, Stulík K. Effects of electrolyte modification and capillary coating on separation of glycoprotein isoforms by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:459-63. [PMID: 11258755 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200102)22:3<459::aid-elps459>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The capillary electrophoresis (CE) running electrolyte composition was optimized for the separation of selected glycoproteins. A good separation of the ovalbumin (OV) and alpha-acid glycoprotein (AAG) isoforms was achieved in 20 mmol x L(-1) N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-2'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) at pH 7.0, in 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate, pH 7.0, or in 25 mmol x L(-1) borate, pH 7.9. Various ways of suppression of the glycoprotein adsorption onto the capillary wall were compared. Alpha, omega-diamine alkanes and bis(aminoalkyl) amines were added to the CE buffers, the optimized concentration being 1 mmol x L(-1) in 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer. The OV and AAG isoforms could be separated using all the alpha,omega-diamine alkanes or bis(2-aminoethyl)amine. The length of the alkyl chain in the diaminoalkane did not influence the separation. The separation of the isoforms of pollen allergens was also tested. The effects of modification of the capillary wall by succinyl-poly-L-lysine and hydrophilic CElect-P1 capillary were compared. A decrease in the glycoprotein and protein adsorption resulted in an improved separation of the isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pacáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115, USA
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19
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Claessens H, van Straten M, Cramers C, Jezierska M, Buszewski B. Comparative study of test methods for reversed-phase columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Hoffmann R, Bril G, Otvos L. Prediction of retention times of peptide nucleic acids during reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998; 814:111-9. [PMID: 9718690 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic biopolymers consisting of nucleobase side chains attached to an amino ethyl glycine backbone. At present this family of compounds enjoys a well deserved popularity in biomedical research, due to a number of favorable biological and chemical properties of PNAs compared to conventional oligonucleotides. PNAs are basically peptides, and are synthesized, purified and analyzed by traditional peptide chemistry, chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In the current report, we analyzed factors that influence the elution behavior of 29 PNAs on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a water-acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid gradient elution system on C18 columns. We found that increasing the temperature from 25 degrees C to 55 degrees C resulted in improved peak shape and resolution. The retention times of the PNA analogs were dependent upon the length of the polymers with longer PNAs eluting later. Mixtures of PNAs with length, originating from inefficient monomer coupling during the polymer assembly, could be separated by single chromatographic runs. The retention time also depended upon the cytosine, thymine, adenine and guanine contact of the polymers. These differences in the contribution to the retention times could be explained by simple hydrophobicity features of the monomer side chains at pH 1.8. Based on all data, a linear equation was generated which predicted the retention time of any synthetic PNA based on composition and length. Comparison of the predicted and observed retention times showed a remarkable reliability of the algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hoffmann
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Dorsey JG, Cooper WT, Siles BA, Foley JP, Barth HG. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/a1980022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - William T. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - Barbara A. Siles
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795
| | - Joe P. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699
| | - Howard G. Barth
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, P.O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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