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Khoshroo A, Hosseinzadeh L, Sobhani-Nasab A, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Ehrlich H. Development of electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of oxazepam based on silver-platinum core–shell nanoparticles supported on graphene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Machicote RG, Castillo MA, Pacheco ME, Bruzzone L. A Molecular Imprinted Polymer as a Flow-Through Optical Sensor for Oxazepam. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:6302609. [PMID: 29850374 PMCID: PMC5904820 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6302609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A flow-through optosensing system for oxazepam recognition with fluorescence detection was performed by means of a molecular imprinted polymer based on its acid hydrolysis product, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone. The synthesis was conducted via a noncovalent imprinting methodology, using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent. Hydrolysis (types and concentration of acids), polymer retention capacity, binding properties, and elution (selectivity and reversibility) conditions were optimized. The selected molecular imprinted polymer had a molar ratio composition of 1 : 6 : 45 (template : functional monomer : cross-linker). The proposed method was applied to the determination of oxazepam in a pharmaceutical formulation. External standard calibration, standard additions calibration, and Youden's calibration were carried out in order to evaluate constant and proportional errors due to the matrix. The developed metabolite-based recognition system for benzodiazepines is an innovative procedure that could be followed in routine and quality control assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta G. Machicote
- División Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47, Esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela A. Castillo
- División Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47, Esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47, Esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Liliana Bruzzone
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47, Esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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de Souza GCS, Bezerra da Silva PA, Leotério DMDS, Paim APS, Lavorante AF. A multicommuted flow system for fast screening/sequential spectrophotometric determination of dichromate, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and starch in milk samples. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dantas HV, Barbosa MF, Nascimento EC, Moreira PN, Galvão RK, Araújo MC. Screening analysis of natural gas with respect to methane content by near-infrared spectrometry. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tejedor AMG, Picó AG, Hernando PF, Durand Alegría JS. Study of On-Line Fluorimetric Determination of Oxazepam. Application to the Screening of 1,4-Benzodiazepines Giving Oxazepam as Metabolite in Urine. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.717239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Determination of benzodiazepines in urine via benzophenone derivatives using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011; 61:381-8. [PMID: 21183429 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate a new method for determining benzodiazepines in urine via their benzophenone derivatives, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Selected benzodiazepines were analysed after acid hydrolysis of urine and extraction by ethyl acetate in the presence of an internal standard. Samples were analysed using electrospray ionization LC-MS/MS in a multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatographic run time on a reversed phase C18 analytical column was set for 9 min. This method was validated in 21 patients receiving methadone. Benzodiazepines intake was established in two out of three patients. LC-MS/MS results were also compared with the rapid immunoassay and the methods showed good agreement. However, in three cases benzodiazepines were detected by LC-MS/MS, but not by the immunoassay. The sensitivity of the developed LC-MS/MS method is comparable to or even higher than of previously reported methods, which makes it suitable as a confirmatory method.
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Tabrizi AB, Harasi M. Applying cloud point extraction technique for the extraction of oxazepam from human urine as a colour or fluorescent derivative prior to spectroscopic analysis methods. Drug Test Anal 2011; 4:145-50. [PMID: 21381221 DOI: 10.1002/dta.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new methods based on cloud point extraction (CPE) technique were developed and optimized for the extraction and preconcentration of oxazepam from human urine, as an azo or fluorescent derivative. The first method is a spectrophotometric one, which is based on the acid hydrolysis of the oxazepam to a benzophenone, diazotization of the benzophenone, and then the coupling with oxine to form an azo dye. The second method is a spectrofluorimetric one, which involves reduction of the target compound using Zn°/HCl at room temperature with the formation of a highly fluorescent derivative. The main factors affecting the chemical reactions and CPE were investigated and optimized systematically. Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 (0.05 to 2.0) µg/ml with correlation coefficients of 0.9989 (0.9985), for the CPE-spectrophotometric (CPE-spectrofluorimetric) method. The limit of detection was found to be 0.034 (0.018) µg/ml and the relative standard deviation was calculated to be 1.35 (2.52)%. Recoveries in the spiked samples ranged from 87 to 94%. Finally, the proposed methods were applied to the determination of oxazepam in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Bavili Tabrizi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ribeiro DS, Prior JA, Santos JL, Lima JL. Automated determination of diazepam in spiked alcoholic beverages associated with drug-facilitated crimes. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yue N, Wu L, Li L, Xu C. Multi-residue detection of benzodiazepines by ELISA based on class selective antibodies. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100903199475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gil Tejedor AM, Fernández Hernando P, Durand Alegría JS. A rapid fluorimetric screening method for the 1,4-benzodiazepines: Determination of their metabolite oxazepam in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:112-5. [PMID: 17456431 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxazepam is the major metabolite screened in urine samples for the evidence of the use of benzodiazepine drugs. The methods currently used, however, are laborious and time consuming. This paper proposes an oxazepam detection method based on its hydrolysis and cyclization--a reaction catalysed by cerium (IV) in an ortho-phosphoric acid-containing medium--to form 2-chloro-9(10H)-acridinone, a strongly fluorescent molecule. The variables involved in the hydrolysis and cyclization stages were optimised. Oxazepam was detectable in the 5-900 ng mL(-1) range, with a detection limit of 4.15 ng mL(-1) for k=3. The method was successfully used for the determination of oxazepam in urine samples collected at different times after the oral administration of Valium and Tranxilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gil Tejedor
- Departamento de Ciencias Analíticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, c/Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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León-Ruiz V, Vera S, San Andrés MP. Validation of a screening method for the simultaneous identification of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins (A, E, B1, B2 and B6) in an aqueous micellar medium of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1568-75. [PMID: 15827721 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E and the water-soluble vitamins B1, B2 and B6 has been carried using a screening method from fluorescence contour graphs. These graphs show different colour zones in relation to the fluorescence intensity measured for the pair of excitation/emission wavelengths. The identification of the corresponding excitation/emission wavelength zones allows the detection of different vitamins in an aqueous medium regardless of the fat or water solubility of each vitamin, owing to the presence of a surfactant which forms micelles in water at the used concentration (over the critical micelle concentration). The micelles dissolve very water insoluble compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, inside the aggregates. This approach avoids the use of organic solvents in determining these vitamins and offers the possibility of analysing fat- and water-soluble vitamins simultaneously. The method has been validated in terms of detection limit, cut-off limit, sensitivity, number of false positives, number of false negatives and uncertainty range. The detection limit is about microg L(-1). The screening method was applied to different samples such as pharmaceuticals, juices and isotonic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- V León-Ruiz
- Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Manganiello L, Arce L, Ríos A, Valcárcel M. Piezoelectric screening coupled on line to capillary electrophoresis for detection and speciation of mercury. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020401)25:5/6<319::aid-jssc319>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Manganiello L, Rios A, Valcárcel M. A method for screening total mercury in water using a flow injection system with piezoelectric detection. Anal Chem 2002; 74:921-5. [PMID: 11866074 DOI: 10.1021/ac010919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An automatic microgravimetric screening system based on piezoelectric detection and the use of acidic stannous chloride as reductant was developed for the fast detection and determination of total mercury in water. Reduced mercury is detected as an amalgam by using a gold-coated piezoelectric crystal, the sensor subsequently being regenerated by passing it through a peroxydisulfate solution. The gold-coated piezoelectric crystal is a highly efficient retention unit for the main soluble mercury species (inorganic, complexed, and organometallic) previously reduced to elemental mercury and is free of interferences from other metal ions. This detector exhibits good sensitivity: it allows the determination of mercury at sub-parts-per-billion concentration levels (0.30-1.00 microg/L). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was +/- 2.7% (n = 11; P = 0.05) at 0.5 microg/L total mercury. The proposed method was successfully used as a rapid screening method for mercury monitoring in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Manganiello
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Valcárcel M, Gallego M, Cárdenas S. Sample/analyte screening systems and chromatography. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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