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Faisal M, Alam MM, Ahmed J, Asiri AM, Alsaiari M, Alruwais RS, Madkhali O, Rahman MM, Harraz FA. Efficient Detection of 2,6-Dinitrophenol with Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Chitosan/SrSnO 3 Nanocomposites by Differential Pulse Voltammetry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110976. [PMID: 36354485 PMCID: PMC9688669 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an ultra-sonication technique followed by a photoreduction technique was implemented to prepare silver nanoparticle-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO3 nanocomposites (Ag-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO3 NCs), and they were successively used as electron-sensing substrates coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the development of a 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) efficient electrochemical sensor. The synthesized NCs were characterized in terms of morphology, surface composition, and optical properties using FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and UV-vis analysis. Ag-decorated Chitosan/SrSnO3 NC/GCE fabricated with the conducting binder (PEDOT:PSS) was found to analyze 2,6-DNP in a wide detection range (LDR) of 1.5~13.5 µM by applying the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) approach. The 2,6-DNP sensor parameters, such as sensitivity (54.032 µA µM-1 cm-2), limit of detection (LOD; 0.18 ± 0.01 µM), limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.545 µM) reproducibility, and response time, were found excellent and good results. Additionally, various environmental samples were analyzed and obtained reliable analytical results. Thus, it is the simplest way to develop a sensor probe with newly developed nanocomposite materials for analyzing the carcinogenic contaminants from the environmental effluents by electrochemical approach for the safety of environmental and healthcare fields in a broad scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Faisal
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Alam
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahir Ahmed
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Saad Alruwais
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia
| | - O. Madkhali
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.M.R.); (F.A.H.)
| | - Farid A. Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.M.R.); (F.A.H.)
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Electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol via bismuth (III) oxide nanowires. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Changing Cross-Reactivity for Different Immunoassays Using the Same Antibodies: Theoretical Description and Experimental Confirmation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many applications of immunoassays involve the possible presence of structurally similar compounds that bind with antibodies, but with different affinities. In this regard, an important characteristic of an immunoassay is its cross-reactivity: the possibility of detecting various compounds in comparison with a certain standard. Based on cross-reactivity, analytical systems are assessed as either high-selective (responding strictly to a specific compound) or low-selective (responding to a number of similar compounds). The present study demonstrates that cross-reactivity is not an intrinsic characteristic of antibodies but can vary for different formats of competitive immunoassays using the same antibodies. Assays with sensitive detection of markers and, accordingly, implementation at low concentrations of antibodies and modified (competing) antigens are characterized by lower cross-reactivities and are, thus, more specific than assays requiring high concentrations of markers and interacting reagents. This effect was confirmed by both mathematical modeling and experimental comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and a fluorescence polarization immunoassay of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. Thus, shifting to lower concentrations of reagents decreases cross-reactivities by up to five-fold. Moreover, the cross-reactivities are changed even in the same assay format by varying the ratio of immunoreactants’ concentrations and shifting from the kinetic or equilibrium mode of the antigen-antibody reaction. The described patterns demonstrate the possibility of modulating immunodetection selectivity without searching for new binding reactants.
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Chen J, Wang L, Lu L, Shen X, Huang XA, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang Z, Eremin SA, Sun Y, Xu Z, Lei H. Four Specific Hapten Conformations Dominating Antibody Specificity: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis for Quinolone Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6740-6748. [PMID: 28513147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based immunoassay methods have been important tools for monitoring drug residues in animal foods. However, because of limited knowledge about the quantitative structure-activity relationships between a hapten and its resultant antibody specificity, antibody production with the desired specificity is still a huge challenge. In this study, the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) was analyzed in accordance with the cross-reactivity of quinolone drugs reacting with the antibody raised by pipemidic acid as the immunizing hapten and compared with the reported cross-reactivity data and their hapten structures. It was found that the specificity of a quinolone antibody was strongly related to the conformation of the hapten used and that hapten conformations shaped like the letters "I", "P", and "Φ" were essential for the desired high specificity with low cross-reactivity, but that the hapten conformation shaped like the letter "Y" led to an antibody with broad specificity and high cross-reactivity. Almost all of the antibodies against quinolones could result from these four hapten conformations. It was first found that the concrete conformations dominated the specificity of the antibody to quinolone, which will be of significance for the accurate hapten design, predictable antibody specificity, and better understanding the recognition mechanism between haptens and the antibodies for immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin-An Huang
- Tropical Medicine Institute & South China Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405, China
| | | | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Sergei Alexandrovich Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
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Zhao F, Wang H, Han X, Yang Z. Development and comparative study of chemosynthesized antigen and mimotope-based immunoassays for class-specific analysis of O,O-dimethyl organophosphorus pesticides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37640. [PMID: 27874102 PMCID: PMC5118688 DOI: 10.1038/srep37640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-residue determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is an important task due to the wide application and high toxicity of OPs. However, there is no promising immunoassay to monitor the multi-residue of O,O-dimethyl OPs. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a generic hapten of O,O-dimethyl OPs (O,O-dimethyl O-(3-carboxyphenyl)phosphorothioate) was prepared. To develop an effective class-specific immunoassay, two strategies were performed to select the appropriate coating antigen or competing antigen. On the one hand, a total of 20 haptens were chemosynthesized, attached to ovalbumin for use as coating antigen candidates, and selected by direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA). As a second strategy, mimotopes of the mAb were selected from a random phage-display peptide library by panning, and the optimum mimotope was expressed as a fusion protein and biotinylated in vitro. Based on the selected chemosynthesized coating antigen and the biotinylated mimotope fusion protein, two sensitive broad-specificity dcELISAs were developed. The sensitivity, selectivity and practicability of the two immunoassays were compared. The results demonstrated that both methods showed similar selectivity and sensitivity and were reliable for O,O-dimethyl OP residues screening. However, the screening operation of mimotopes was much simpler and safer compared to the preparation of chemosynthesized coating antigens.
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Lu P, Yang S, Hu D, Ding X, Shi M. Synthesis of hapten and development of immunoassay based on monoclonal antibody for the detection of Dufulin in agricultural samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10302-9. [PMID: 24134653 DOI: 10.1021/jf4025954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the antiviral agent against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Hapten 6-[2-((methyllbenzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(2-ethoxy)-O, O-diethyl-α-aminophosphonate)acetamido)] hexanoic acid (DHS) was prepared from commercial chemicals and incorporated into the spacer arm through a carbon-carbon single bond. The prepared hapten was then coupled to carrier proteins keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to be used as an immunogen for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production together with ELISA development. This assay was further optimized by the assessment of the dependence of assay parameters on organic solvents, pH, and ionic strength. The IC50 values of the optimized assay for Dufulin and the calculated limit of detection in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were 9.6 ± 0.59 and 0.3 ± 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. Using the optimized assays Dufulin residues in soil and tobacco samples were determined with recovery values ranging from 81.5 to 95.3%, intra-assay variation ranging from 2.88 to 6.10%, and interassay variation ranging from 6.11 to 9.42%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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7
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Development of polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sodium saccharin residue in food samples. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ramón-Azcón J, Yasukawa T, Mizutani F. Sensitive and Spatially Multiplexed Detection System Based on Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of DNA-Encoded Particles Used as Immunoreactions Platform. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1053-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102854z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST-CREST), 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Fumio Mizutani
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Electrochemical oxidation behavior of 2,4-dinitrophenol at hydroxylapatite film-modified glassy carbon electrode and its determination in water samples. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Liu YH, Wang CM, Guo YR, Liang X, Gui W, Zhu GN. Monoclonal antibody produced by heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application for parathion residue determination in agricultural and environmental samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:547-556. [PMID: 20603747 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.493490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A heterologous indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which was based on monoclonal antibody (Mab) to determine parathion residue in agricultural and environmental samples. Eight Mabs were produced by introducing the heterologous indirect ELISA into the screening procedure. It was shown that these Mabs had more broad-reactivity with twenty competitors than that of 5H7 (Mab produced by homologous screening). So it became much easier using these new Mabs to develop heterologous immunoassays. In addition, all the developed heterologous ELISAs could be used to determine parathion residue in semiquantitative or quantitative level, and their detection limitation (LOD) was around 2 ng/mL. Compared with the previous heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/5H7) with IC(50) of 13.3 ng/mL, a better heterologous ELISA (hapten 11/1E1) was obtained with IC(50) of 3.8 ng/mL, which improved the sensitivity 3.5 times. Finally, the latter was applied to parathion residue determination in spiked agricultural and environmental samples without extraction or cleanup. The average recoveries of parathion added to water, soil, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and carrot were between 80.4 % and 111.8 %. The LOD for water and soil samples was 5 ng/mL, and the LOD for cucumber, rice and corn samples was 10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi H Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Cui G, Chu H, Hu Y, Xu C. Ultrasensitive signal amplified immunoassay of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) using the atomic absorption of silver deposited on the surface of gold nanoparticles. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100903556021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Matrix Effects on the Microcystin-LR Fluorescent Immunoassay Based on Optical Biosensor. SENSORS 2009; 9:3000-10. [PMID: 22574059 PMCID: PMC3348817 DOI: 10.3390/s90403000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix effects on the microcystin-LR fluorescent immunoassay based on the evanescent wave all-fiber immunosensor (EWAI) and their elimination methods were studied. The results indicated that PBS and humic acid did not affect the monitoring of samples under the investigated conditions. When the pH was less than 6 or higher than 8, the fluorescence signals detected by immunosensor systems were obviously reduced with the decrease or increase of pH. When the pH ranged from 6 to 8, IC50 and the linear working range of MC-LR calculated from the detection curves were 1.01∼1.04 μg/L and 0.12∼10.5 μg/L, respectively, which was favourable for an MC-LR immunoassay. Low concentrations of Cu2+ rarely affected the detection performance of MC-LR. When the concentration of CuSO4 was higher than 5 mg/L, the fluorescence signal detected by EWAI clearly decreased, and when the concentration of CuSO4 was 10 mg/L, the fluorescence signal detected was reduced by 70%. The influence of Cu2+ on the immunoassay could effectively be compromised when chelating reagent EDTA was added to the pre-reaction mixture.
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Enhancement of surfactants in the electrochemical determination of phenols and the mechanisms research. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pita M, Cui L, Gaikwad RM, Katz E, Sokolov I. High sensitivity molecular detection with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA)-type immunosensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:375502. [PMID: 21832552 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/37/375502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe an immunosensing method, which is designed for high sensitivity sensing of various substances utilizing specificity of antigen-antibody (ELISA-type) interaction. The building up of the nanostructured sensing interface and the immunointeraction at the surface were characterized by atomic force microscopy. The proposed design makes potentially feasible attaining ultimate single-molecule sensitivity upon optimization of the system. The first non-optimized prototype described here has already demonstrated sensitivity to the presence of dinitrophenyl (DNP) in concentrations as low as 10 pM, which is 100 times better than reported limits of detection of DNP with a traditional enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Pita
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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15
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Development of a sensitive heterologous ELISA method for analysis of acetylgestagen residues in animal fat. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Synthesis of surface molecularly imprinted silica micro-particles in aqueous solution and the usage for selective off-line solid-phase extraction of 2,4-dinitrophenol from water matrixes. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618:147-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Simultaneous immunochemical detection of stanozolol and the main human metabolite, 3′-hydroxy-stanozolol, in urine and serum samples. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Wang XG, Wu QS, Liu WZ, Ding YP. Simultaneous determination of dinitrophenol isomers with electrochemical method enhanced by surfactant and their mechanisms research. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Screening water for pollutants using biological techniques under European Union funding during the last 10 years. Trends Analyt Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carter RM, Blake RC, Nguyen TD, Bostanian LA. Near real-time biosensor-based detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:69-72. [PMID: 12445446 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent biosensor assay has been developed for near real-time detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The assay was based on fluorescent detection principles that allow for the analysis of antibody/antigen interactions in solution using the KinExA immunoassay instrument. Our KinExA consisted of a capillary flow observation cell containing a microporous screen that maintains a compact capture antigen-coated bead bed. The bead bed was comprised of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads coated with dinitrophenol-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) conjugate. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, containing various concentrations of free DNP, were incubated for 30 min with mouse anti-DNP monoclonal antibody to equilibrium. Solutions containing the DNP-monoclonal antibody complex and possible excess free antibodies were then passed over DNP-HSA labeled beads. The free monoclonal anti-DNP antibody, if available, was then bound to the DNP-HSA fixed on the beads. The system was then flushed with excess PBS to remove unbound reactants in the bead bed. The beads were then subjected to brief contact with PBS solutions containing goat anti-mouse fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled secondary antibody, once again, followed by a short PBS flush. The fluorescence was recorded during the addition of the FITC labeled secondary antibody to the bead bed through the final PBS flushing with the KinExA. The amount of DNP detected could then be determined from the fluorescent slopes that were generated or by the remaining fluorescence that was retained on the beads after final PBS flushing of the system. This assay has been able to detect a minimum of 5 ng/ml of DNP in solution and can be adapted for other analytes of interest simply by changing the capture antigen and antibody pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Carter
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Organophosphorus Insecticide Cyanophos. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2002.23.4.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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23
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Galve R, Sanchez-Baeza F, Camps F, Marco M. Indirect competitive immunoassay for trichlorophenol determination. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Nistor C, Oubiña A, Marco MP, Barceló D, Emnéus J. Competitive flow immunoassay with fluorescence detection for determination of 4-nitrophenol. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Spinks CA. Broad-specificity immunoassay of low molecular weight food contaminants: new paths to Utopia! Trends Food Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(01)00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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