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Reactive PLIF Method for Characterisation of Micromixing in Continuous High-Throughput Chemical Reactors. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to test and optimise reactive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) methods for the visualisation of the micromixing regions in chemical reactors using standard PLIF and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) equipment with the laser source 512 nm. Two methods were tested: (i) an acid–base reaction with fluorescein as the reaction-sensitive tracer and (ii) Fenton’s reaction, with Rhodamine B as the reaction tracer. Both test-reactions were studied in stopped-flow equipment to define suitable operational conditions, namely the chemical composition of the inflow streams, the concentration of reagents and fluorophore, and suitable excitation light wavelength. The visualisation of the micromixing regions was tested in a continuous flow reactor with a T-jet geometry. A laser light sheet emitted from an Nd:YAG laser illuminated the axial section of the demonstration reactor. The mixing dynamics and the reaction course were visualised with the acid–base reactive PLIF images. Fenton’s reactive PLIF method showed the overall distribution of mixing and reaction regions. The main contribution of this work is benchmarking two methods with costs that enable the visualisation of micromixing regions in continuous high-throughput reactors.
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2
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Lee SH, Kang PK. Three-Dimensional Vortex-Induced Reaction Hot Spots at Flow Intersections. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:144501. [PMID: 32338949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.144501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show the emergence of reaction hot spots induced by three-dimensional (3D) vortices with a simple A+B→C reaction. We conduct microfluidics experiments to visualize the spatial map of the reaction rate with a chemiluminescence reaction and cross validate the results with direct numerical simulations. 3D vortices form at spiral-saddle-type stagnation points, and the 3D vortex flow topology is essential for initiating reaction hot spots. The effect of vortices on mixing and reaction becomes more vigorous for rough-walled channels, and our findings are valid over wide ranges of channel dimensions and Damköhler numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang H Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Peter K Kang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Augusto FA, Bartoloni FH, Cabello MC, dos Santos APF, Baader WJ. Kinetic studies on 2,6-lutidine catalyzed peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence in organic and aqueous medium: Evidence for general base catalysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Christodouleas DC, Giokas DL, Garyfali V, Papadopoulos K, Calokerinos AC. An automatic FIA-CL method for the determination of antioxidant activity of edible oils based on peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Kayumova RR, Muslukhov RR, Abdullin MF, Klen EE, Khaliullin FA, Magadeeva GF, Mamykin AV, Khursan SL. Investigation of the Solution Phase Chemi-Luminescence of 1,2,4-triazole Derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Anna PD, Jimenez-Martinez J, Tabuteau H, Turuban R, Le Borgne T, Derrien M, Méheust Y. Mixing and reaction kinetics in porous media: an experimental pore scale quantification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:508-516. [PMID: 24274690 DOI: 10.1021/es403105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new experimental set up to characterize mixing and reactive transport in porous media with a high spatial resolution at the pore scale. The analogous porous medium consists of a Hele-Shaw cell containing a single layer of cylindrical solid grains built by soft lithography. On the one hand, the measurement of the local, intrapore, conservative concentration field is done using a fluorescent tracer. On the other hand, considering a fast bimolecular reaction A + B → C occurring as A displaces B, we quantify the rate of product formation from the spatially resolved measurement of the pore scale reaction rate, using a chemiluminescent reaction. The setup provides a dynamical measurement of the local concentration field over 3 orders of magnitude and allows investigating a wide range of Péclet and Damköhler numbers by varying the flow rate within the cell and the local reaction rate. We use it to study the kinetics of the reaction front between A and B. While the advection-dispersion (Fickian) theory, applied at the continuum scale, predicts a scaling of the cumulative mass of product C as MC ∝ √t, the experiments exhibit two distinct regimes in which the produced mass MC evolves faster than the Fickian behavior. In both regimes the front rate of product formation is controlled by the geometry of the mixing interface between the reactants. Initially, the invading solute is organized in stretched lamellae and the reaction is limited by mass transfer across the lamella boundaries. At longer times the front evolves into a second regime where lamellae coalesce and form a mixing zone whose temporal evolution controls the rate of product formation. In this second regime, the produced mass of C is directly proportional to the volume of the mixing zone defined from conservative species. This interesting property is indeed verified from a comparison of the reactive and conservative data. Hence, for both regimes, the direct measurement of the spatial distribution of the pore scale reaction rate and conservative component concentration is shown to be crucial to understanding the departure from the Fickian scaling as well as quantifying the basic mechanisms that govern the mixing and reaction dynamics at the pore scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro de Anna
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes, France
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Maruyama T, Narita S, Motoyoshiya J. The Hammett correlation between distyrylbenzene substituents and chemiluminescence efficiency providing various ρ-values for peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence of several oxalates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Ohtomo T, Igarashi S, Takagai Y, Ohno O. Quenching-Chemiluminescence Determination of Trace Amounts of l-Tyrosine Contained in Dietary Supplement by Chemiluminescence Reaction of an Iron-Phthalocyanine Complex. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:520248. [PMID: 22567562 PMCID: PMC3336182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/520248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence (CL) signal immediately appeared when a hydrogen peroxide solution was injected into an iron-phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (Fe-PTS) aqueous solution. Moreover, the CL intensity of Fe-PTS decreased by adding l-tyrosine. Based on these results, the determination of trace amounts of l-tyrosine was developed using the quenching-chemiluminescence. The calibration curve of l-tyrosine was obtained in the concentration range of 2.0 × 10(-7) M to 2.0 × 10(-5) M. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.63 % (n = 5) for 2.0 × 10(-6) M l-tyrosine, and its detection limits (3σ) were 1.81 × 10(-7) M. The spike and recovery experiments for l-tyrosine were performed using a soft drink. Furthermore, the determination of l-tyrosine was applied to supplements containing various kinds of amino acids. Each satisfactory relative recovery was obtained at 98 to 102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohtomo
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Shukuro Igarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
- *Shukuro Igarashi:
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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Adutwum LA, Kishikawa N, Ohyama K, Harada S, Nakashima K, Kuroda N. Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection for the highly sensitive determination of fluorescence-labeled chlorpheniramine with Suzuki coupling reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:823-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shamsipur M, Zargoosh K, Hosseini SM, Caltagirone C, Lippolis V. Quenching effect of some heavy metal ions on the fast peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence of 1-(dansylamidopropyl)-1-aza-4,7,10-trithiacyclododecane as a novel fluorophore. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:205-209. [PMID: 19570707 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The fast chemiluminescence (CL) arising from the reaction of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of 1-(dansylamidopropyl)-1-aza-4,7,10-trithiacyclododecane (L) as a novel fluorophore, and imidazole as catalyst, has been studied in ethyl acetate solution. The relationships between the chemiluminescence intensity and concentrations of TCPO, imidazole, hydrogen peroxide and L are reported. In the presence of imidazole as catalyst, the entire CL signal was completed in less than 3s. The quenching effect of Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+) ions on the chemiluminescent system was investigated, the resulting Stern-Volmer plots were obtained and the K(Q) values were calculated. It was found that the quenching effect of metal ions on the chemiluminescence of L decreases in the order Cu(2+)>Pb(2+)>Cd(2+)>Hg(2+)>Ag(+).
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Sun S, Tang∗ Y, Fu Q, Chen J, Zhang G. Determination of Three Imidazole Derivatives by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Kato T, Ohno O, Nagoshi T, Ichinose Y, Igarashi S. Determination of small amounts of L-ascorbic acid using the chemiluminescence of an iron-chlorophyllin complex. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:579-81. [PMID: 15913152 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) was immediately observed after an iron-chlorophyllin aqueous solution was added to an acetonitrile/water mixed solution containing hydrogen peroxide. Quenching of the iron-chlorophyllin complex CL was caused by adding L-ascorbic acid. Based on these facts, a determination method involving small amounts of L-ascorbic acid was developed. As a result, this CL system is able to determine L-ascorbic acid over a wide concentration range of 4.0 x 10(-12) to 4.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1). Also, coexisting substances, such as sugar and vitamins, did not interfere with the determination. Moreover, the participation to the CL was not observed when using other reducing agents, such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride. As an application for practical use, L-ascorbic acid in soft-drink powder was determined. The experimental value was almost the same as the calculated one (5.30 x 10(-5) mol L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kato
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa 4-12-1, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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Shamsipur M, Chaichi MJ. Quenching effect of dl(±)α-methylbenzylamine on peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcumarin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Microdialysis sampling and monitoring of uric acid in vivo by a chemiluminescence reaction and an enzyme on immobilized chitosan support membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lee JH, Je J, Hur J, Schlautman MA, Carraway ER. Solvent and pH effects on fast and ultrasensitive 1,1′-oxalyldi(4-methyl)imidazole chemiluminescence. Analyst 2003; 128:1257-61. [PMID: 14667162 DOI: 10.1039/b305157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent and pH effects on fast and ultrasensitive 1,1'-oxalyldi(4-methyl)imidazole chemiluminescence (OD4MI-CL) were studied. The influences of these two factors on the complex OD4MI-CL reaction are discussed within a conceptual prototype for developing aqueous and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (ACE and NACE) devices with OD4MI-CL detection. The reaction channel length and OD4MI yield from the reaction between bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) and 4-methylimidazole in the channel will be influenced by pH, water volume fraction, and cosolvent properties of the solution. Optimum OD4MI-CL efficiency is observed at pH 6.5 when 1-propanol, which has a low dielectric constant (epsilon = 20.8), is used as the NACE solvent in the separation channel. Water (epsilon = 80.1), the solvent in the ACE separation channel, acts similarly to a high dielectric constant organic solvent in NACE because the disadvantages normally associated with TCPO-CL reactions in water disappear due to the faster OD4MI-CL reaction versus OD4MI decomposition in aqueous solution. Therefore, it is expected that the OD4MI-CL detection system can be used in both NACE and ACE devices without requiring detector modifications. We also conclude that OD4MI-CL detection in NACE and ACE devices will be much more sensitive than the TCPO-CL detection used in current NACE devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC 29670, USA.
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Abstract
Miniaturized detection applications based on chemiluminescence require fast reaction kinetics for optimum performance. In this work, high-intensity light from the analytically useful peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction has been generated at high rates by employing both single-component and dual-component nucleophilic catalysis. 4-(Dimethylamine)pyridine and its derivatives were superior to all other bases in terms of reaction speed and intensity of the generated light and outshone imidazole, which hitherto has been considered as the best catalyst. The light intensity was related to the difference in pKa between the 4-aminopyridine catalyst and the leaving group of the reagent, and the optimum delta pKa was found to be close to 0. Similarly, high light intensities were obtained when mixtures of the imidazole analogue 1,2,4-triazole and the strong, nonnucleophilic base 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine acted as catalysts. The mechanism behind this was concluded to be a "base-induced nucleophilic catalysis", where the ancillary strong base assisted the production of the highly nucleophilic 1,2,4-triazolate anion, which as the actual catalyst then participated in the formation of a more reactive transient reagent. All the investigated catalysts reduced the light yield of the reaction due to base-catalyzed breakdown reactions of the reagents and/or intermediates. The intensity peak maximums of these bright and fast reactions typically appeared after less than 10 ms, whereafter the light decayed to darkness within a few seconds. These reaction characteristics are especially advantageous for sensitive detection applications where the observation volumes and times are limited, e.g., peaks emerging from a capillary-based separation process.
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