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Le Potier I, Boutonnet A, Ecochard V, Couderc F. Chemical and Instrumental Approaches for Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)-Fluorescence Analysis of Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1466:1-10. [PMID: 27473477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4014-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to fluorescence detection is an invaluable technique for the quantitative analysis of proteins of interest in the field of clinical diagnosis and quality control of novel biotechnology products. The various chemical and instrumental approaches that have been reported to carry out such sensitive analysis are described in this paper. To illustrate the contribution of CE to the analysis of therapeutic proteins, a detailed protocol for impurities profiling of a recombinant antibody sample using CE-LEDIF is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Potier
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Audrey Boutonnet
- Picometrics Technologies, 478 rue de la Découverte, Labège, 31670, France
| | - Vincent Ecochard
- IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France.
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2
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Bisson PJ, Whitten JE. A compact Raman converter for UV-VIS spectrometers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:055107. [PMID: 26026558 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A small form factor, easily constructed converter that adapts fiber coupled UV/VIS CCD detector-based spectrometers into a right angle scattering Raman spectrometer is described. Its design philosophy and design are discussed. An example measurement, the depolarization ratio of carbon tetrachloride, a classic Raman test compound, is presented. The unique instrument features a blue-violet (405 nm wavelength) diode laser that takes advantage of the inverse fourth power wavelength dependence of Raman scattering. The converter also features Glan-Thompson polarizing prisms that enable measurement of depolarization ratios. The spectrometer is also capable of measuring a standard Raman spectrum. A fiber optic link offers flexibility when adapting the converter to any spectrometer system that accepts a fiber optic input. The performance of the instrument is critically discussed in the context of an example measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Bisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - James E Whitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
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de Kort BJ, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Native fluorescence detection of biomolecular and pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis: Detector designs, performance and applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 766:13-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Determination of pesticides by capillary chromatography and SERS detection using a novel Silver-Quantum dots “sponge” nanocomposite. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1225:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cruces-Blanco C, Gámiz–Gracia L, García-Campaña A. Applications of capillary electrophoresis in forensic analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
CE- and microchip-based separations coupled with LIF are powerful tools for the separation, detection and determination of biomolecules. CE with certain configurations has the potential to detect a small number of molecules or even a single molecule, thanks to the high spatial coherence of the laser source which permits the excitation of very small sample volumes with high efficiency. This review article discusses the use of LIF detection for the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE. The most common laser sources, basic instrumentation, derivatization modes and set-ups are briefly presented and special attention is paid to the different fluorogenic agents used for pre-, on- and postcapillary derivatization of the functional groups of these compounds. A table summarizing major applications of these derivatization reactions to the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE-LIF and a bibliography with 184 references are provided which covers papers published to the end of 2005.
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Arráez Román D, Efremov E, Ariese F, Segura Carretero A, Gooijer C. Interfacing capillary electrophoresis and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy for the determination of dye compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:180-5. [PMID: 15900469 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The at-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) was optimized for the separation and subsequent spectroscopic identification of charged analytes (dye compounds). Raman spectra were recorded following deposition of the electropherogram onto a moving substrate. To this end a new interface was developed using a stainless steel needle as a (grounded) cathode. The outlet end of the CE capillary was inserted into this metal needle; CE buffer touching the needle tip served as the electrical connection for the CE separation. A translation table was used to move the TLC plate at a constant speed during the deposition. The distance between the tip of the fused silica column and the TLC plate was kept as small as possible in order to establish a constant bridge-flow, while avoiding direct contact. The dyes Basic Red 9 (BR9), Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Food Yellow 3 (FY3) were used as test compounds. After CE separation in a 20 mM borate buffer at pH 10, after deposition, concentrated silver colloid was added to each analyte spot, followed by irradiation with 514.5 nm light from an argon ion laser to record the SERRS signal using a Raman microscope. Different types of silver colloids were tested: Lee-Meisel type (citrate), borate, and gold-coated silver. BR9 (positively charged) gave much more intense SERRS spectra than the two negatively charged dyes. For BR9 and AO7 the citrate-coated Lee-Meisel colloid yielded the most intense SERRS spectra. The CE-SERRS system was used to separate and detect the negatively charged dyes. Silver colloid and nitric acid (to improve adsorption) were added post-deposition. Even though their chemical structures are very similar, AO7 and FY3 could be readily distinguished based on their SERRS spectra. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the CE-SERRS system ranged from 6.7 x 10(-5) M (2.6 x 10(-12) mol injected) for FY3 down to 1.8 x 10(-6) M (7.0 x 10(-14) mol injected) for BR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arráez Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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9
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Fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)45006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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de Beer T, Velthorst NH, Brinkman UAT, Gooijer C. Laser-based non-fluorescence detection techniques for liquid separation systems. J Chromatogr A 2002; 971:1-35. [PMID: 12350105 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the possibility to use lasers for detection purposes in column liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) received much attention in the analytical chemistry literature. Most attention has been devoted to laser-induced fluorescence. The present review covers developments on non-fluorescence techniques for LC and CE. The techniques considered are thermal lens spectrometry, photoacoustic detection, refractive index detection including refractive index backscattering, Raman spectroscopy and degenerate four-wave mixing (a special mode of transientholographic spectroscopy). The paper starts with an outline of the characteristics of lasers; it ends with an overall evaluation and a discussion of the perspectives of the techniques dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Beer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Páez X, Hernández L. Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2001; 22:273-89. [PMID: 11835251 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-efficiency analytical technique that has had a great impact as a tool in biomedical research, clinical and forensic practice in the last ten years. Only in one of the applications, the DNA analysis, it has had an explosive exponential growth in the last few years. This impact is expressed in an enormous amount of CE articles and many reviews. The CE advantages with respect to other analytical techniques: the required very small sample volume, rapid analysis, great resolution power and low costs, have made this technique ideal for the analysis of a numerous endogenous and exogenous substances present in biological fluids. The different modes of CE have been coupled to different detection techniques such as UV-absorbance, electrochemical, mass spectrometry and laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) to detect different nature and molecular size separated analytes. This review focuses mostly on the applications of CE-LIFD, to measure drugs and endogenous neuroactive substances such as amino acids and monoamines, especially in microdialysis samples from experimental animals and humans. CE-LIFD trends are discussed: automated faster analysis with capillary array systems, resolution power improvement, higher detection sensitivity, and CE systems miniaturization for extremely small sample volume, in order to make CE easier and affordable to the lab bench or the clinical bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Páez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.
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Landgraf S. Application of semiconductor light sources for investigations of photochemical reactions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:2029-2048. [PMID: 11666083 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor light sources, like laser diodes or ultrabright light emitting diodes, are widely used in optical spectroscopy. In this presentation an overview of applications in photochemistry is given. Since the beginning of the 1990s an increasing number of publications with the application of semiconductor light sources appeared. Three different techniques were used: single photon counting with short pulses, phase-modulation fluorometry using a conventional modulation spectrometer, or a lock-in amplifier. Using continuous wave laser diodes in the visible region, which are available from 690 to 630 nm (and, recently, down to 400 nm), a new compact fluorescence spectrometer was developed in our laboratory. Using the phase fluorometric method, measurements down to 100 ps are now possible. Values can be measured in steps of 10 ps with good reproducibility using a high-frequency signal generator and a GHz digital storage oscilloscope. Several investigations have been carried out applying this technique including time-resolved detection of crude oil as an example for possible practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Landgraf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
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Melanson JE, Boulet CA, Lucy CA. Indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection for capillary electrophoresis using a violet diode laser. Anal Chem 2001; 73:1809-13. [PMID: 11338595 DOI: 10.1021/ac001301u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The violet (415 nm) diode laser is used for indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoretic separations of inorganic anions and chemical warfare agent degradation products. Inorganic anions were detected using 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid as the indirect probe and achieved submicromolar (40-80 ppb) detection limits in a 2-min separation. The chemical warfare agent degradation products methylphosphonic acid, ethyl methylphosphonate, isopropyl methylphosphonate, and pinacolyl methylphosphonate were detected using the porphyrin tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine as the indirect probe and achieved detection limits of 0.1 microM (9 ppb), which are 1 order of magnitude better than that achieved using indirect UV detection. Baseline stability achieved with the violet diode laser was excellent, with dynamic reserve (DR) values of > 1000, which are 15 times better than that achieved using an unstabilized HeCd laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Melanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
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Vos CJ, Melanson JE, Lucy CA. Violet diode laser for metal ion determination by capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:225-7. [PMID: 11993670 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Vos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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