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A N B, O D H, N S K, A V Z, B B D. Immunodetection of Poorly Soluble Substances: Limitations and Their Overcoming. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-26. [PMID: 39360478 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2402835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays based on the specific antigen-antibody interactions are efficient tools to detect various compounds and estimate their content. Usually, these assays are implemented in water-saline media with composition close to physiological conditions. However, many substances are insoluble or cannot be molecularly dispersed in such media, which objectively creates problems when interacting in aquatic environments. Thus, obtaining immunoreactants and implementing immunoassays of these substances need special methodological solutions. Hydrophobicity of antigens as well as their limited ability to functionalization and conjugation are often overlooked when developing immunoassays for these compounds. The main key finding is the possibility to influence the behavior of hydrophobic compounds for immunoassays, which requires specific approaches summarized in the review. Using the examples of two groups of compounds-surfactants (alkyl- and bisphenols) and fullerenes, we systematized the existing knowledge and experience in the development of immunoassays. This review addresses the challenges of immunodetection of poorly soluble substances and proposes solutions such as the use of hydrotropes, other solubilization techniques, and alternative receptors (aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlina A N
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hendrickson O D
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Komova N S
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zherdev A V
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzantiev B B
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Simultaneous determination of 18 preservative residues in vegetables by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry using a dispersive-SPE procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 989:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Yuan M, Liu B, Liu E, Sheng W, Zhang Y, Crossan A, Kennedy I, Wang S. Immunoassay for phenylurea herbicides: application of molecular modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis on an antigen-antibody interaction study. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4767-74. [PMID: 21539295 DOI: 10.1021/ac200227v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for 12 phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) was established with the half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of 1.7-920.7 μg L(-1). A method of computer-aided molecular modeling was established in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies to obtain a deeper insight into the PUHs' antibody interactions on how and which molecular properties of the analytes quantitatively affect the antibody recognition. A two-dimensional (2D)-QSAR model based on the Hansch equation and a hologram QSAR (HQSAR) model were constructed, and both showed highly predictive abilities with cross-validation q(2) values of 0.820 and 0.752, respectively. It was revealed that the most important impact factor of the antibody recognition was the PUHs' hydrophobicity (log P), which provided a quadratic correlation to the antibody recognition. Hapten-carrier linking groups were less exposed to antibodies during immunization; thus, groups of the analytes in the same position were generally considered to be less contributive to antibody recognition during immunoassay. But the results of substructure-level analysis showed that these groups played an important role in the antigen-antibody interaction. In addition, the frontier-orbital energy parameter E(LUMO) was also demonstrated as a related determinant for this reaction. In short, the result demonstrated that the hydrophobicity and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E(LUMO)) of PUH molecules were mainly responsible for antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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ZHANG CZ, YANG CL, LIU XJ, CHEN M, YU J. An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of New Herbicide H-9201 in Water. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(10)60417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Takagai Y, Hinze WL. Cloud Point Extraction with Surfactant Derivatization as an Enrichment Step Prior to Gas Chromatographic or Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7113-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9009963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Takagai
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, P.O. Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, and Cluster of Science and Technology, Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Willie L. Hinze
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, P.O. Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, and Cluster of Science and Technology, Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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A surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for detecting a dioxin precursor using a gold binding polypeptide. Talanta 2003; 60:733-45. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2002] [Revised: 02/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rose A, Nistor C, Emnéus J, Pfeiffer D, Wollenberger U. GDH biosensor based off-line capillary immunoassay for alkylphenols and their ethoxylates. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:1033-43. [PMID: 12392953 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of a quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase modified thick-film sensor as label detector in a capillary immunoassay (CIA) for xenoestrogens is presented. The detection of the alkylphenols and their ethoxylates is based on the competition between the analyte and tracer molecules for the binding sites of anti-alkylphenol ethoxylate antibodies. This assay is performed off-line in small disposable PVC capillaries coated with immobilized antibodies. This format allows the combination of the assay with a small portable device potentially useful for on-site environmental monitoring. Beside high amplification the utilization of beta-galactosidase as enzyme label allows the direct combination with a GDH biosensor at optimal pH conditions. The bioelectrocatalytic properties of this biosensor offer an additional amplification and thus allow a very sensitive quantification of 4-aminophenol, generated by the beta-galactosidase. Detection limits of the analytes in the microg/l range were obtained, while other phenolics and surfactants showed no or very little cross reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rose
- Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Little MK, Crawley CD. On-line pre-concentration of atrazine by antibody immobilization capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weller MG, Zeck A, Eikenberg A, Nagata S, Ueno Y, Niessner R. Development of a direct competitive microcystin immunoassay of broad specificity. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:1445-8. [PMID: 11783797 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Weller
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
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Rodríguez R, Picó Y, Font G, Mañes J. Determination of urea-derived pesticides in fruits and vegetables by solid-phase preconcentration and capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:2010-6. [PMID: 11465500 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200106)22:10<2010::aid-elps2010>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) enrichment combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE), using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC), was developed to determine ten substituted urea pesticides in orange and tomato samples. Several factors such as pH, composition and concentration of the buffer, concentration of surfactant, addition of organic solvent, and working voltage were optimized to obtain the best compound separation in the shortest time. Separation can be achieved in 7 min using a micellar aqueous pH 9 buffer composed of 4 mM borate and 35 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. After an SPE procedure, which provided a 10-fold enrichment, the limit of detection was about 0.05 mg kg(-1), which is in the order of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Union (EU) for most of these compounds. Increasing the enrichment factor by using a larger amount of sample is difficult in oranges due to the matrix interferences, but is possible in tomatoes, which gave cleaner extracts and easily reached a 25-fold enrichment factor. The procedure involving SPE and CE provided acceptable recoveries (ranged 42-118%) and relative standard deviations (RSDs; < 19%) at levels between 0.3 and 5 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Simple and rapid detection method using surface plasmon resonance for dioxins, polychlorinated biphenylx and atrazine. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carrasco PB, Escolà R, Marco MP, Bayona JM. Development and application of immunoaffinity chromatography for the determination of the triazinic biocides in seawater. J Chromatogr A 2001; 909:61-72. [PMID: 11218142 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) procedure for the selective extraction of the anti-fouling agent Irgarol 1051 [2-(tert.-butylamino)-4-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine] from seawater is described. The anti-Irgarol 1051 antibodies were covalently bound to agarose-based beads support. IAC column capacities were higher than 400 ng and ethanol-water (70:30) was selected as eluting mixture. After percolation of 250 ml of water sample containing Irgarol 1051 at environmental levels (ng l(-1) ), the breakthrough volume was still not achieved. Other triazine herbicides percolated through the IAC column showed good recoveries. Thus, this IAC procedure may be useful to extract related compounds. The developed IAC column was applied to real seawater samples and compared with RP-C18 cartridges. The limit of detection (LOD) reached by using the IAC procedure was twenty times lower than the LOD achieved by the RP-C 18 cartridges using the same detection system. Irgarol 1051 was detected at ng l(-1) levels in the Barcelona marina (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). An acceptable correlation between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection was observed, thus analysis of Irgarol 1051 can be performed by either one of the methods. In this work, further confirmation of the analyte identity for real samples was accomplished by gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Carrasco
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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