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Nakamura M, Yaku H, Ako J, Arai H, Asai T, Chikamori T, Daida H, Doi K, Fukui T, Ito T, Kadota K, Kobayashi J, Komiya T, Kozuma K, Nakagawa Y, Nakao K, Niinami H, Ohno T, Ozaki Y, Sata M, Takanashi S, Takemura H, Ueno T, Yasuda S, Yokoyama H, Fujita T, Kasai T, Kohsaka S, Kubo T, Manabe S, Matsumoto N, Miyagawa S, Mizuno T, Motomura N, Numata S, Nakajima H, Oda H, Otake H, Otsuka F, Sasaki KI, Shimada K, Shimokawa T, Shinke T, Suzuki T, Takahashi M, Tanaka N, Tsuneyoshi H, Tojo T, Une D, Wakasa S, Yamaguchi K, Akasaka T, Hirayama A, Kimura K, Kimura T, Matsui Y, Miyazaki S, Okamura Y, Ono M, Shiomi H, Tanemoto K. JCS 2018 Guideline on Revascularization of Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2022; 86:477-588. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hirokuni Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tohru Asai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Doi
- General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiro Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital
| | | | - Junjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tatsuhiko Komiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Nakao
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Takayuki Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tokuo Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Uonuma Kikan Hospital
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Susumu Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital
| | | | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Frontier of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noboru Motomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Satoshi Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Hirotaka Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata City General Hospital
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Ken-ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | | | - Taiki Tojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Dai Une
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama Medical Center
| | - Satoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | | | - Kazuo Kimura
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shunichi Miyazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | | | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Tanemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School
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Schwann TA. The Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Occlusive Disease: Modern Treatment Strategies for an Age Old Problem. Surg Clin North Am 2017; 97:835-865. [PMID: 28728719 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains a formidable challenge to clinicians. Percutaneous interventions and surgical techniques for myocardial revascularization continue to improve. Concurrently, in light of emerging data, multiple practice guidelines have been published guiding clinicians in their therapeutic decisions. The multidisciplinary Heart Team concept needs to be embraced by all cardiovascular providers to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Schwann
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Żurada A, Ustymowicz A, Loukas M, Michalak M, Czyżewska D, Gielecki J. Computerized tomography of the transverse pericardial sinus: Normal or pathologic? Clin Anat 2016; 30:61-70. [PMID: 27578603 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The transverse pericardial sinus is a uniquely located structure subdivided into many parts. However, discrepancies still exist on the nomenclature and divisions. As noninvasive diagnostic technology such as CT and MR imaging improve, the transverse pericardial sinus and constituent recesses are visualized with more clarity, increasing the risk for misinterpretation. In this review, we will explore the anatomy of the transverse pericardial sinus and associated recesses with the goal of heightening awareness regarding the differential diagnosis between normal and pathological states as seen on CT. In addition, the inconsistencies of the right lateral superior aortic recess are also addressed. Last, we describe the clinical and surgical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus. Clin. Anat. 30:61-70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Żurada
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Czyżewska
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Independent Public Provincial Hospital of J. Sniadecki in Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gielecki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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4
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Surgical strategies for bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. Int J Surg 2015; 16:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lev-Ran O, Matsa M, Ishay Y, Shabtai A, Vodonos A, Sahar G. Retroaortic right internal thoracic artery grafting of circumflex artery targets. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2015; 23:543-51. [PMID: 25700706 DOI: 10.1177/0218492315573360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroaortic right internal thoracic artery grafting has failed to gain popularity. We aimed to delineate patient correlates of eligibility, distribution of targets, and effects of target remoteness on outcome and risk of retroaortic bleeding. METHODS Data of 861 patients undergoing skeletonized bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting (2007-2012) were analyzed according to retroaortic (n = 300) or T-graft configuration. Retroaortic graft subgroups were categorized according to proximal (first obtuse marginal, ramus) or distal (2nd, 3rd, or sequential 1st-2nd obtuse marginal) circumflex artery targets. RESULTS LOESS curve analyses revealed that taller patients had a higher likelihood of retroaortic grafting. The distribution of 337 retroaortic graft targets (300 patients) was first obtuse marginal in 74.5%, 2nd marginal in 12.4%, ramus in 11.2%, 3rd marginal in 1.9% and sequential 1st-2nd marginal in 12.3%. The success rate in reaching proximal and distal circumflex artery targets was 97% and 30%, respectively, 5-year survival (92.2%) and freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (85.8%) were comparable between proximal and distal retroaortic graft subgroups. Distal circumflex artery targets had no effect on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The incidence of retroaortic bleeding from skeletonized retroaortic grafts was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS Taller patients have a greater likelihood of qualifying for retroaortic grafting. This technique is highly reproducible for proximal but not distal circumflex artery targets. Distal circumflex artery targets are not independent correlates of early or late adverse outcomes. The risk of retroaortic bleeding is low despite retroaortic right internal thoracic artery skeletonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Lev-Ran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Menachem Matsa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaron Ishay
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Shabtai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alina Vodonos
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gideon Sahar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Concomitant grafting of both postbifurcation internal thoracic artery branches. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2015; 10:14-20. [PMID: 25587915 DOI: 10.1097/imi.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the clinical outcome and graft patency after concomitant grafting of both postbifurcation internal thoracic artery (ITA) branches. METHODS Between 2007 and 2013, 17 patients (14 men; mean [SD] age, 60 [9.3] years) underwent skeletonized bifurcated ITA grafting. Respective targets were restricted to non-left anterior descending (LAD) area. In all patients, a complementary standard ITA was used to graft the LAD artery. Graft patency was assessed by standard coronary angiography or serial multidetector computed tomography. RESULTS Of the bifurcated conduits, 94% were right ITA. Respective right ITA target sets were first and second obtuse marginal arteries (M1-M2) (n = 12), ramus-M1 (n = 2), and distal right coronary artery-posterior descending artery (n = 2). Right ITAs were mobilized retroaortic (via the transverse sinus) in 14 patients (82%) (to circumflex artery targets). Circumflex artery targets comprised 88.2% of all anastomoses (30/34). There were no early mortalities, myocardial infarctions, or hypoperfusion syndromes. During median follow-up of 44 months (range, 3-63), there was no late mortality. Overall reintervention rate was 11.7%, and bifurcated ITA-related reintervention rate was 5.8%. At 5 years, freedom from major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event related to bifurcated ITA respective territory was 87% (Kaplan-Meier). Coronary imaging was achieved in 76% of the patients (elective multidetector computed tomography, n = 9; symptoms-directed coronary catheterization, n = 4). Bifurcation branch patency rate was 88.4% (23/26) at a median of 3.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Grafting both postbifurcation ITA branches is technically feasible and may be selectively considered. Current observations are valid for skeletonized conduits and limited to non-LAD targets. These preliminary findings should be corroborated by larger data sets.
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Sahar G, Wolak A, Matsa M, Shelef I, Raichel L, Ishay Y, Lev-Ran O. Concomitant Grafting of Both Postbifurcation Internal Thoracic Artery Branches. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/155698451501000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Sahar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Wolak
- Cardiac Imaging Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Menachem Matsa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Cardiac Imaging Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Raichel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaron Ishay
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oren Lev-Ran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Raja SG, Benedetto U, Husain M, Soliman R, De Robertis F, Amrani M. Does grafting of the left anterior descending artery with the in situ right internal thoracic artery have an impact on late outcomes in the context of bilateral internal thoracic artery usage? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1275-81. [PMID: 24495902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their well-established advantages, bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) are still largely underused. This is partly because of the technical complexities associated with the use of the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) to guarantee the universally accepted gold standard left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to left anterior descending artery (LAD) graft. The use of the in situ RITA for LAD grafting is a less technically demanding strategy. The impact of this strategy on early and late outcomes is investigated in the context of BITA usage. METHODS Among 1667 patients undergoing first-time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting using BITA, in situ RITA for LAD grafting was used in 546 patients compared with in situ LITA to LAD in 1121 patients. Propensity score matching was carried out to investigate the impact of in situ RITA to LAD on early and late outcomes including mortality and need for repeat revascularization. RESULTS A total of 546 propensity matched pairs were available for comparison. In the propensity matched cohort, the mean follow-up time was 7.8±3.8 years. RITA to LAD did not increase the risk for late death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-1.26), the need for repeat revascularization (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-2.42), and the composite of death or repeat revascularization (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.14). CONCLUSIONS Using in situ BITA with retrosternal in situ RITA for LAD grafting is a technically less demanding, safe, and effective strategy that can increase usage of BITA by avoiding a composite graft configuration or technically challenging retrocaval routing of in situ RITA through the transverse sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad G Raja
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mubassher Husain
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafik Soliman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio De Robertis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Amrani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Sakic A, Chevtchik O, Kilo J, Schistek R, Mueller LC, Ulmer H, Grimm M, Ruttmann E. Simple adaptations of surgical technique to critically reduce the risk of postoperative sternal complications in patients receiving bilateral internal thoracic arteries. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 17:378-82. [PMID: 23681126 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited blood supply to the thoracic chest wall is a known risk factor for sternal wound complications after CABG. Therefore, bilateral internal thoracic arteries are still rarely utilized despite their proven superior graft patency. The aim of our study was to analyse whether modification of the surgical technique is able to limit the risk of sternal wound complications in patients receiving bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting. METHODS All 418 non-emergent CABG patients receiving bilateral internal thoracic artery CABG procedures (BITA) from January 2001 to January 2012 were analysed for sternal wound complications. Surgical technique together with known risk factors and relevant comorbidity were analysed for their effect on the occurrence of sternal wound complications by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Sternal wound complications occurred in 25 patients (5.9%), with a sternal dehiscence rate of 2.4% (10 patients). In multivariate analysis, diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.9-11.7, P=0.001), but not obesity (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 0.7-4.2, P=0.28) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 0.87-5.6, P=0.1) was a relevant comorbid condition for sternal complications. Skeletonization of ITA grafts (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.5, P=0.001) and the augmented use of sternal wires (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95, P=0.04) were highly effective in preventing sternal complications. The use of platelet-enriched-fibrin glue (PRF) sealant, however, was associated with more superficial sternal infections (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-10.5, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Adjusted for common risk factors, skeletonization of BITA grafts together with augmented sternal wires is effective in preventing sternal complications. The use of PRF sealant, however, increased the risk for superficial wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Sakic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mizukami N, Kisanuki A, Hamasaki S, Takasaki K, Yuasa T, Kuwahara E, Ueya N, Horizoe Y, Chaen H, Maruyama I, Imoto Y, Tei C. Different flow patterns between left and right internal thoracic artery grafts influence the evaluation of severe graft stenosis by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24:768-74. [PMID: 21555206 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increase in the diastolic to systolic flow velocity ratio (D/S) in the proximal left internal thoracic artery (ITA) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) enables noninvasive assessment of graft patency by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE). The increase in the D/S can be less pronounced at a site distant from the anastomosis. We postulated that proximal ITA flow patterns differ between the left and right ITAs and that the increase in D/S is less pronounced in the right than in the left proximal ITA. METHODS Proximal ITA flow was examined by TTDE in 129 consecutive patients after CABG of the left (75) or right (69) ITA to the left coronary artery. The mean D/S of the ITAs was compared with coronary angiography. RESULTS The D/S was lower in the group with a patent right ITA than in the group with a patent left ITA (P < .05). The D/S of both the left and right ITAs negatively correlated with angiographic stenosis (r = 0.56 or 0.67, P < .001, respectively). The regression line was significantly shifted downward in the right ITA compared with the left ITA, according to analysis of covariance (P = .01). Graft stenosis was predicted by a D/S of <0.57 and <0.28 with an accuracy of 91% and 97% in the left and right ITAs, respectively. CONCLUSION The patency of both left and right ITA grafts to the left coronary artery can be assessed using TTDE, but different cutoff values of D/S are required to diagnose severe ITA stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Mizukami
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
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In situ right internal thoracic artery is usually long enough for grafting the circumflex artery through the transverse sinus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:731-2. [PMID: 20723747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Early and late outcome of skeletonised bilateral internal mammary arteries anastomosed to the left coronary system. Heart 2005; 91:195-202. [PMID: 15657231 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.024091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate in a retrospective study the technical aspects of using the in situ bilateral internal mammary arteries (IMAs), with the right IMA (RIMA) used for revascularisation of the circumflex system, and to evaluate early and late outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1997 and July 2003, 552 consecutive patients underwent grafting of the circumflex artery system with an in situ skeletonised RIMA routed through the transverse sinus (eventually retrocaval). Mean (SD) age was 63.8 (11) years. 331 (60%) patients underwent total arterial myocardial revascularisation. Mean follow up was 26 (9) months. RESULTS The success rate of skeletonised RIMA grafting to the circumflex branch was 100%. There were 19 (3.4%) in-hospital deaths. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 12 (2.2%) patients. In 155 patients undergoing postoperative angiography, two had an occluded RIMA and a string-like phenomenon was seen in three RIMA and one left IMA (LIMA). Three RIMA and three LIMA had stenotic lesions. The patency rates of RIMA and LIMA were 94% and 97.4%, respectively. Strong predictors of non-functional IMA grafts were a recipient coronary artery diameter of < 1.5 mm (p = 0.022), < 60% stenosis of the recipient coronary artery (p = 0.015), diffuse stenotic lesions of the recipient coronary artery (p = 0.018), and a small IMA calibre (p = 0.0001). Cumulative actuarial survival at three years was 96.4% and event-free cumulative survival was 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS Use of the bilateral IMAs offers the possibility of constructing various configurations, making total arterial myocardial revascularisation possible with a minimum number of arterial conduits. Use of the skeletonised RIMA through the transverse sinus and eventually retrocavally can reach most branches of the circumflex system and is associated with an excellent patency rate. Patients who received bilateral IMA grafts for left coronary system revascularisation had improved early and late outcomes and decreased risk of death, reoperation, and angioplasty.
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Bonacchi M, Prifti E, Battaglia F, Frati G, Sani G, Popoff G. In situ retrocaval skeletonized right internal thoracic artery anastomosed to the circumflex system via transverse sinus: Technical aspects and postoperative outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:1302-13. [PMID: 14666000 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether, by using the in situ right internal thoracic artery via the transverse sinus (eventually retrocaval), both the proximal and distal major branches of the circumflex system could be grafted and to evaluate the early and late outcome in these patients. METHODS Between January 1997 and March 2002, 452 consecutive patients underwent grafting of the circumflex system with the in situ skeletonized right internal thoracic artery routed via the transverse sinus. The mean age was 62.4 +/- 10.3 years. A mean of 2.2 +/- 0.3 arterial grafts per patient were used, and 271 (60%) patients underwent total arterial myocardial revascularization. At 3 months after surgery, 86 patients (right Y or T graft) underwent echo color Doppler imaging before and after an adenosine provocative test. The mean follow-up was 27 +/- 8 months. RESULTS The success rate of skeletonized right internal thoracic artery grafting to the circumflex system branch was 100%. There were 15 (3.4%) hospital deaths. In 116 patients who underwent postoperative angiography, the total patency rates of the right and left internal thoracic arteries were 94% and 96.6%, respectively. Strong predictors for nonfunctional internal thoracic artery grafts were a small internal thoracic artery caliber (P <.001), recipient coronary artery diameter less than 1.5 mm (P =.012), stenotic lesions of less than 60% (P =.016), and diffuse stenotic lesions (P =.015) of the recipient coronary artery. In 86 patients who underwent postoperative echo color Doppler imaging, the flow reserves at the main stem of the left and right internal thoracic arteries were 2.24 +/- 0.5 and 2.48 +/- 0.6, respectively. Cumulative actuarial survival at 3 years was 96.3%, and event-free cumulative survival was 93%. The Cox model revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 35% (P =.016), age greater than 70 years (P =.025), New York Heart Association grade greater than III (P =.0019), nontotal arterial myocardial revascularization (P =.002), and the preoperative presence of more than 1 ischemic area (P <.001) as strong predictors for poor overall cumulative event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS The skeletonized right internal thoracic artery, placed via the transverse sinus and eventually retrocaval, can reach most branches of the circumflex system and is associated with an excellent patency rate. The predictors for poor overall event-free survival seem to be similar to those of the general population undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. Use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries and in situ right internal thoracic artery grafting via the transverse sinus offers the possibility of various configuration constructions, making possible total arterial myocardial revascularization with a minimum number of arterial conduits.
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Barner HB. Coronary revascularization in the 21st century. Emphasis on contributions by Japanese surgeons. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR THORACIC SURGERY = NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 2002; 50:541-53. [PMID: 12561100 DOI: 10.1007/bf02913172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The first three decades of coronary artery surgery have provided the foundation for the next century of this evolution. It is apparent that a multitude of events including the development of cardioplegia, improving surgical instrumentation, technological advances including endoscopic approaches and computer assisted robotics and biologic discoveries such as the role of the endothelium have provided the underpinnings for improved surgical outcomes. However, the single most important determinant of late results is the type of bypass conduit used for grafting. Thus, use of the left internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafted to the left anterior descending coronary is a more important determinant of survival than is any other factor (progression of coronary artery disease, increased age, poor left ventricular function, diabetes, female gender and off-pump operations). Use of two ITAs provides further benefit and it is likely that three or more arterial conduits will be shown to be advantageous in this regard in due time. Japanese cardiothoracic surgeons have made significant contributions to the continuing evolution of coronary bypass surgery and particularly to the advance of arterial conduits. This report will address those contributions to this evolution.
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Al-Ruzzeh S, George S, Bustami M, Nakamura K, Ilsley C, Amrani M. Early clinical and angiographic outcome of the pedicled right internal thoracic artery graft to the left anterior descending artery. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1431-5. [PMID: 12022528 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(02)03399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery became the gold standard graft in coronary surgery. Subsequently, the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) graft was increasingly used. However, there is still some debate about the optimal way of using this conduit. The aim of the present study was to assess our experience in grafting the pedicled RITA graft to LAD in 212 consecutive patients. METHODS The records of 212 consecutive patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with the pedicled RITA graft to the LAD artery at Harefield Hospital between January 1998 and May 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. We approached the last 35 consecutive patients to obtain an angiographic control group. All 35 patients (16.5%) consented and, before discharge, underwent angiography to look at the quality of anastomoses and the patency of grafts. RESULTS Successful catheterization and engagement of the RITA grafts was performed in 32 patients. Angiography showed that 32/32 (100%) of the RITA grafts were widely patent with excellent flow. The distal anastomoses of these RITA grafts were also satisfactory. There were no deaths among the study patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the use of the pedicled RITA graft to the LAD artery provides a good early clinical and angiographic outcome, and suggests that the pedicled RITA graft to the LAD artery is a good alternative to the pedicled LITA graft to the LAD artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Al-Ruzzeh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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