Late cardiac reoperation after cardiac transplantation

Cardiac surgery in the heart transplant recipient: Outcome analysis and long-term results

BACKGROUND

Survival rates following cardiac transplantation continue to improve. Due to the scarcity of available organs, extended donor criteria have become more prevalent in clinical practice. In this context, the risk of developing cardiac pathology requiring surgical correction is increasing.

METHODS

Between January 1991 and October 2010, a total of 479 patients received cardiac transplantations at the University Hospital Heidelberg. Of those, 18 (3.8%) patients required subsequent cardiac surgery until 2018. Short- and long-term analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Indications for cardiac surgery included valvular disease (n = 16) with the majority of cases affecting the tricuspid valve (n = 10), while 6 patients received mitral valve surgery, of whom 3 patients underwent concomitant valve surgery. Other indications included CABG (n = 1) and re-transplantation (n = 1) for allograft dysfunction. Mean follow-up time was 6.5 years, while mean interval to surgery was 6.0 years. Early mortality was 11.1% (n = 2), while overall survival at 1, 5, and 10 years were, 88.1%, 81.4%, and 52.2%, respectively. Compared to an overall survival of that transplant cohort at 1, 5, and 10 years of 76.7%, 66.7%, and 52.4% percent, respectively (P = .271).

CONCLUSION

According to our data, redo cardiac surgery can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity. Atrioventricular valve pathology plays a chief role in these patients.

Successful Heart Transplantation in a Patient With Loeys-Dietz Syndrome

Our patient is a 45-year-old woman with a history of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, vertebral artery dissection, stroke, prior atrial septal defect repair, and spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection that was revascularized with coronary artery bypass grafting who progressed to end-stage heart failure. She was listed for cardiac transplantation, and a suitable organ became available. She underwent heart transplantation more than 1 year ago successfully. This is the first reported case of a successful heart transplantation in an individual with Loeys-Dietz syndrome.

Aortic dissections following heart transplantations

BACKGROUND

Aortic dissection in a cardiac allograft is an uncommon complication of heart transplantation with only few cases reported in the literature.

METHOD

We report a case of 46-year-old female who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation for dilated cardiomyopathy 22 years earlier. During surveillance echocardiographic examination she was diagnosed with type A aortic dissection limited to the donor aorta. The aortic root was successfully replaced using a valve-sparing David procedure. The pathogenesis and surgical management of these dissections is reviewed.

CONCLUSION

Appropriate surgical repair performed in a timely fashion leads to excellent results improving the prognosis of these patients.

Cardiac Surgery after Heart Transplantation: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Heart Valve Replacement

INTRODUCTION

Due to increasing need for and a shortage of donor organs, therapeutic procedures such as heart valve replacement for valve insufficiency and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for graft vasculopathy (GVP) must be performed to improve allograft function to avoid retransplantation.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical procedures after orthotopic heart transplantation. Since 1989, we have performed more than 1400 heart transplantation procedures. Valve replacement was necessary in 8 patients and CABG was necessary in 3 patients. Five patients received valve prostheses (3 bioprostheses and 2 mechanical valves) at the tricuspid position. Three patients received a Hancock bioprosthesis at the mitral position. One of the 3 received the valve 3 years after heart transplantation while suffering from mitral regurgitation grade IV, and another patient received the valve 1 year following heart transplantation while suffering from mitral insufficiency grade III due to infective endocarditis. Three patients underwent coronary artery revascularization, 2 patients underwent the procedure 1 and 7 years after heart transplantation because of GVP, 1 patient underwent the procedure simultaneously with heart transplantation because of donor coronary artery disease. One patient received concomitant CABG with heart transplantation because of 75% left anterior descending stenoses in the donor organ, and one patient received CABG 1 year after heart transplantation because of rapidly progressive GVP in the left anterior descending artery. The third patient had 3-vessel disease with 95% left stem and 75% ramus circumflex, ramus marginalis, and ramus diagonalis.

RESULTS

Two patients who underwent CABG and 4 patients who underwent valve replacement are still alive and maintain good clinical performance. One patient with a graft at the mitral position died 9 years after heart transplantation and 6 years after mitral valve replacement. Two patients with a graft at the tricuspid position died 17 and 4 years after heart transplantation (6 and 3 years after valve replacement, respectively). One patient with a bioprostheses at the tricuspid position had to be retransplanted 2 years following valve replacement while suffering from a paravalvular leakage grade III.

CONCLUSION

Cardiac surgical procedures can be safely performed after heart transplantation. To improve graft and patient survival, such procedures must be carefully performed after heart transplantation to avoid retransplantation. The shortage of donor organs will and must lead to an increase in the number of conventional procedures performed to improve allograft function in transplanted hearts.

Cardiac Allograft Aortic Dissection: Successful Repair Using a Composite Valve Graft and Modified-Cabrol Coronary Reconstruction

We report a 55-year-old man, the recipient of a cardiac allograft for ischemic cardiomyopathy 9 years earlier, who presented with progressive aortic root dilation, worsening aortic insufficiency, and an incidentally discovered chronic type A aortic dissection limited to the donor aorta. The patient was taken to the operating room, and the aortic dissection successfully repaired using standard reoperative techniques. This is the sixth case reported in the literature, and only the fourth survivor. To our knowledge, this case represents the first successful repair, of a limited aortic dissection of the donor aorta postcardiac transplantation, using a composite valve graft and modified-Cabrol coronary reconstruction.