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Ravichandran N, Suresh G, Ramesh B, Manikandan R, Choi YW, Vijaiyan Siva G. Fisetin modulates mitochondrial enzymes and apoptotic signals in benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 390:225-34. [PMID: 24496750 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to delineate in vivo mechanisms of orally administered fisetin with special reference to mitochondrial dysfunction in lung tissues employing benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) as the model lung carcinogen. The recent revival of interest in the study of mitochondria has been stimulated by the evidence that genetic and/or metabolic alterations in this organelle lead to a variety of human diseases including cancer. These alterations could be either causative or contributing factors. Hence, the activities of mitochondrial-specific enzymes of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and tumor marker, carcinogenic embryonic antigen were analyzed in control and experimental groups of mice. The induction of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2/Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 was confirmed by the immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy study of lung sections of B(a)P-induced mice showed the presence of phaemorphic cells with dense granules and increased mitochondria. All the aberrations were alleviated when the mice were treated with fisetin (25 mg/kg body weight). The results proved fisetin to be a very successful drug in combating the mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of lung carcinogenesis induced by B(a)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaiya Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hsu NY, Lee H, Yen Y, Cheng YW. Human papillomavirus and non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2013; 4:345-353. [PMID: 28920224 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, causing more than one million deaths worldwide each year. Human papillomavirus (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA viruses that infect squamous epithelial cells. Relevant studies have reported lung cancer-related HPV infection rates that fluctuate between 10% and 80%, depending on the various research methods and geographical factors. Various scholars gathered statistics from global research reports and found that 22.4% of the patients with lung cancer presented with an HPV infection, which suggested that HPV infection may relate to the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. This article will review the history and discovery of HPV, the correlation between HPV and lung cancer development, and carcinogenesis caused by HPV regulatory genes, such as p53, p21, p16INK4a, and genes related to hypermethylation and genome instability in lung cancer patients with HPV infection. In addition, because studies have highlighted the difference in clinical prognosis for HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients, articles demonstrating the correlation between HPV infection and prognosis for lung cancer patients will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yung Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Cancer Institute, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hue Lee
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- International Cancer Institute, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang K, Zhou Q, Guo AL, Xu CR, An SJ, Wu YL. An autologous therapeutic dendritic cell vaccine transfected with total lung carcinoma RNA stimulates cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against non-small cell lung cancer. Immunol Invest 2010; 38:665-80. [PMID: 19811429 DOI: 10.1080/08820130903070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of immunotherapy for malignancy is greatly limited by the characteristic weak antigenicity of tumors. The primary goal of this study was to circumvent the isolation and purification of tumor-specific antigen determinants by producing a vaccine using lung tumor RNA-loaded dendritic cells (DCs), and to test the response against lung cancer. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from 18 lung carcinomas with positive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucin-1 (MUC1) staining, as identified by immunohistochemistry. DCs and T-cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were generated in vitro, and then DCs in different stages were transfected with RNA using several different methods. The expression of CEA and MUC1 in RNA-transfected DCs was measured using flow cytometry. T-cells stimulated by DCs were harvested as effectors, and primary tumor cells cultured in vitro were used as targets. Cytotoxicity was determined by lactic dehydrogenase detection assay. RESULTS Immature RNA-transfected DCs significantly increased the expression of CEA and MUC1, compared to mature transfected DCs. RNA transfection via electroporation resulted in significantly greater CEA and MUC1 expression than did transfection via lipofection or passive pulsing. Lymphocytes stimulated by DCs transfected with lung tumor RNA initiated a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) tumor-specific response. CONCLUSION Immature DCs transfected with total lung carcinoma RNA by electroporation in vitro effectively stimulate antigen-specific CTL responses against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academic of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Sakuma Y, Okamoto N, Saito H, Yamada K, Yokose T, Kiyoshima M, Asato Y, Amemiya R, Saitoh H, Matsukuma S, Yoshihara M, Nakamura Y, Oshita F, Ito H, Nakayama H, Kameda Y, Tsuchiya E, Miyagi Y. A logistic regression predictive model and the outcome of patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma of 2cm or less in size. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kamaraj S, Ramakrishnan G, Anandakumar P, Jagan S, Devaki T. Antioxidant and anticancer efficacy of hesperidin in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:214-22. [PMID: 18704264 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is regarded as one of the most promising and realistic approaches in the prevention of cancer. Several bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables have revealed their cancer curative potential on lung cancer. Hesperidin is one such naturally occurring flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits. The aim of the present study is to divulge the chemopreventive nature of hesperidin during benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. Administration of B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice resulted in increased lipid peroxides (LPO), lung specific tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum marker enzymes aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 5'nucleotidase (5'ND) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with concomitant decrease in the levels of tissue antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and vitamin C. Hesperidin supplementation (25 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated these alterations thereby showing potent anticancer effect in lung cancer. Further the antiproliferative effect of hesperidin was confirmed by histopathological analysis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. Overall, these findings substantiate the chemopreventive potential of hesperidin against chemically induced lung cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattu Kamaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
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Inoue M, Takakuwa T, Minami M, Shiono H, Utsumi T, Kadota Y, Nasu T, Aozasa K, Okumura M. Clinicopathologic factors influencing postoperative prognosis in patients with small-sized adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 135:830-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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El Far M, El Naggar M, Elkhawaga OAY, Yahya R, Allam A, Khalifa A. Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and prostate-specific antigen in the sera of industrial workers exposed to phenol, formaldehyde, urea, and mixed vapors. Inhal Toxicol 2006; 18:1041-6. [PMID: 16966304 DOI: 10.1080/08958370600904603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain industrial agents has been thought to have carcinogenic potential, both for employees who work closely with agents and for the general population that comes into contact with them. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the changes at the cellular level or at the level of cellular metabolism products present in the biological fluid, and to detect early stages of the carcinogenic process resulting from the exposure of industrial environmental hazards. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoproteins (AFP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured in sera of workers (n = 51), who were divided into 4 groups: group I, workers exposed to phenol; group II, workers exposed to formaldehyde; group III, workers exposed to urea; and group IV, workers exposed to mixed vapor, plus a reference control healthy group (n = 15). The results showed that 75% of the workers exposed to phenol, 75% of the workers exposed to urea, 83.3% of workers exposed to formalin, and 92.3% of the workers exposed to mixed vapors had raised values of serum CEA (S-CEA) above normal value of the control group. Also, 23% of workers exposed to mixed vapors, 44% of workers exposed to formalin, 50% of workers exposed to phenol, and 62.5% of workers exposed to urea had raised values of serum AFP (S-AFP) above normal value of control group. Finally, 16.6% of workers exposed to phenol, 23% of workers exposed to mixed vapors, and 33.3% of workers exposed to formalin had raised values of serum PSA (S-PSA) above the normal value of control group; there were no raised values of S-PSA in workers exposed to urea. No significant difference was found in the activities of AST and ALT in group I, but a highly significant increase was found in the AST activities for groups II and IV and the ALT activities for groups III and IV. A significant difference was found in the activity of ALT in group II and in AST for group III. There was no significant difference in the levels of albumin in groups I, II, and III, whereas albumin levels were significantly decreased in group IV. No significant change was found in the level of urea and creatinine in all groups except for group III, where serum levels of creatinine were significantly decreased. From our findings, we concluded that S-CEA can be used as an important prognostic screening marker for early prediction for malignancy, and for management of workers with lung cancer who are exposed to the environmental hazards in industrial factories. Furthermore, S-AFP can be used also as a biomarker if it is carried out and correlated with S-CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Far
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Veronesi G, Pelosi G, Sonzogni A, Leon ME, D'Aiuto M, Gasparri R, De Braud F, De Pas T, Sandri M, Spaggiari L. Tumour CEA as predictor of better outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2004; 48:233-40. [PMID: 15829323 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (S-CEA) are considered a negative prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while the prognostic value of tumour CEA (T-CEA) is unknown. We investigated the prognostic role of T-CEA in radically resected early stage NSCLC. We measured preoperative S-CEA levels and T-CEA in 146 patients with stage 1-2 NSCLC, and analysed their influence on survival. In patients positive for T-CEA, 3-year survival was 80%, compared to 65% in T-CEA-negative patients (p=0.03). After stratification by histology, T-CEA positivity was prognostic of better survival in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p=0.024) but not in adenocarcinomas (ADK) (p=0.87). Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that T-CEA positivity was an independent predictor of better survival in patients with early stage NSCLC (p=0.02). In SCC patients, the magnitude of the hazard ratio was confirmed even if the precision of the estimate is decreased (p=0.06). In conclusion, T-CEA expression appears to be an important prognostic factor in early stage SSC of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veronesi
- Thoracic Surgery Division, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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