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Freidkin L, Heching M, Rosengarten D, Pertzov B, Gershman E, Izhakian S, Amor SM, Kramer MR. Bronchoscopy for management and identification of etiology of right middle lobe syndrome: Analysis of 66 cases. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3226-3231. [PMID: 37704575 PMCID: PMC10643790 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right middle lobe (RML) syndrome is a recurrent or chronic obstruction of the RML causing atelectasis of the right middle lobe due to mechanical and nonmechanical etiologies. The consequences of untreated RML syndrome range from chronic cough to post-obstructive pneumonia and bronchiectasis. We report here our bronchoscopy experience in patients with RML syndrome. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy for RML syndrome at Rabin Medical Center from 2008 through 2022. Demographic data and medical history, bronchoscopy findings and procedures, and follow-up results were collected. RESULTS A total of 66 patients (57.6% male, mean age 63 ± 13 years) underwent bronchoscopy for RML syndrome during the study period. Bronchoscopy revealed a mechanical etiology in 49 (74.2%) cases, including endobronchial mass (21, 31.8%) and external compression (7, 10.6%). Malignancy was identified in 20 (30.3%) cases. In 62 patients (93.9%), the bronchoscopy resulted in partial or complete reopening of the RML bronchus. The therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures were balloon dilatation (19), laser ablation (17), mechanical debridement (12), endobronchial stent insertion (11), and cryoablation (6). CONCLUSIONS Malignancy was identified as the etiology of RML syndrome in approximately 25% of cases, suggesting bronchoscopy should be performed in every case of RML atelectasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported series of endobronchial stenting of the RML bronchus in the context of RML syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Freidkin
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Moshe Heching
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Dror Rosengarten
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Barak Pertzov
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Evgeni Gershman
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Shimon Izhakian
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Shai M. Amor
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Mordechai Reuven Kramer
- Pulmonary DivisionRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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Al-Jahdali H, Alshimemeri A, Mobeireek A, Albanna AS, Al Shirawi NN, Wali S, Alkattan K, Alrajhi AA, Mobaireek K, Alorainy HS, Al-Hajjaj MS, Chang AB, Aliberti S. The Saudi Thoracic Society guidelines for diagnosis and management of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Ann Thorac Med 2017; 12:135-161. [PMID: 28808486 PMCID: PMC5541962 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_171_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first guideline developed by the Saudi Thoracic Society for the diagnosis and management of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Local experts including pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, thoracic surgeons, respiratory therapists, and others from adult and pediatric departments provided the best practice evidence recommendations based on the available international and local literature. The main objective of this guideline is to utilize the current published evidence to develop recommendations about management of bronchiectasis suitable to our local health-care system and available resources. We aim to provide clinicians with tools to standardize the diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis. This guideline targets primary care physicians, family medicine practitioners, practicing internists and respiratory physicians, and all other health-care providers involved in the care of the patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan Al-Jahdali
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshimemeri
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mobeireek
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr S. Albanna
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Siraj Wali
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mobaireek
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S. Alorainy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Respiratory Therapy Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Al-Hajjaj
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Anne B. Chang
- International Reviewer, Children's Centre of Health Research Queensland University of Technology, Queensland
- International Reviewer, Brisbane and Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- International Reviewer, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of MilanInternal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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4
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Kunal S, Dhawan S, Kumar A, Shah A. Middle lobe syndrome: an intriguing presentation of tracheobronchial amyloidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-219480. [PMID: 28536221 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement in amyloidosis is a distinct rarity. This clinical entity usually presents as tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA). A 32-year-old, never-smoker man presented with episodic dyspnoea and wheezing along with cough and mucoid sputum. The chest radiograph was suggestive of a middle lobe syndrome (MLS). High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest confirmed the presence of MLS. In addition, HRCT showed circumferential thickening of the trachea and the main bronchi, with thickening of the posterior membranous wall of trachea. Fibrebronchoscopy, done to evaluate MLS, visualised multiple small polypoidal lesions in the lower part of trachea and carina. Endobronchial biopsies showed homogeneous, acellular amorphous deposit in the subepithelial region, which was congophilic in nature. A diagnosis of TBA presenting as MLS was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of MLS as a presentation of TBA in the English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kunal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Dhawan
- Department of Pathology, Histopathology Unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Institute of Robotic Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Shah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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5
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Rashid A, Nanjappa S, Greene JN. Infectious Causes of Right Middle Lobe Syndrome. Cancer Control 2017; 24:60-65. [PMID: 28178715 DOI: 10.1177/107327481702400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Right middle lobe (RML) syndrome is defined as recurrent or chronic obstruction or infection of the middle lobe of the right lung. Nonobstructive causes of middle lobe syndrome include inflammatory processes and defects in the bronchial anatomy and collateral ventilation. We report on 2 case patients with RML syndrome, one due to infection with Mycobacterium avium complex followed by M asiaticum infection and the other due to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. A history of atopy, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been reported in up to one-half of those with RML. The diagnosis can be made by plain radiography, computed tomography, and bronchoscopy. Medical treatment consists of bronchodilators, mucolytics, and antimicrobials. Patients whose disease is unresponsive to treatment and those with obstructive RML syndrome can be offered surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sowmya Nanjappa
- Department of Internal Hospital Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - John N Greene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
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6
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Gera K, Kishore N. Image Diagnosis: Endobronchial Tuberculosis Masquerading as an Endobronchial Tumor with Presentation as Middle Lobe Syndrome. Perm J 2016; 21:16-006. [PMID: 28080949 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/16-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Gera
- Physician in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, in New Delhi, India.
| | - Nevin Kishore
- Physician in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, in New Delhi, India.
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7
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Li J, Liu C, Zhao Y, Li C, Liu L. A Comparative Study of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery with Thoracotomy for Middle Lobe Syndrome. World J Surg 2016; 41:780-784. [PMID: 27807707 PMCID: PMC5313576 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of middle lobe syndrome (MLS) through comparison with thoracotomy during the same period. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients with MLS who underwent lobectomy or lingular segmentectomy between December 2005 and November 2015 in a single institute. Thirty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: VATS group (n = 19) and thoracotomy group (n = 11). Data regarding the patients' demographics, medical history were collected and statistically compared. RESULTS All patients received successful middle lobe resection or lingular segmentectomy. In terms of operation time, blood transfusion, chest drainage amount, duration of chest drainage and postoperative complications, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). The mean intraoperative blood loss of VATS group was less than thoracotomy group (79.0 ± 63.9 vs. 165 ± 94.9 ml, p = 0.04). In VATS group, the mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.0 ± 2.4 days, shorter than that in group thoracotomy (9.0 ± 3.5 days, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS VATS was a feasible and safe method for the surgical treatment of MLS in selected patients when no severe calcified lymph nodes surrounding hilus pulmonis was observed by preoperative chest CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Kunal S, Pilaniya V, Shah A. Middle lobe syndrome: a singularly rare presentation of complicated pulmonary hydatid disease. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214670. [PMID: 27045051 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging is crucial to the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease, as it is often the first modality that raises suspicion of the disease. Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) as a presentation of this disease is a distinct rarity. A 45-year-old woman, a never-smoker, presented with cough and streaky haemoptysis. Imaging demonstrated a trapezoidal opacity with its base towards the hilum and contiguous with the right cardiac border. The reformatted sagittal view confirmed the diagnosis of MLS. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) revealed an avascular white membranous structure wholly occluding the medial segment of the middle lobe. This was completely removed through gentle suction. Bronchial aspirate revealed hooklets of hydatid and echinococcal serology was positive. Subsequently, three cycles of albendazole were administered with remarkable clinical and radiological improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of MLS caused by pulmonary hydatidosis that was completely removed through FOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kunal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Pilaniya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Shah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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9
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Pejhan S, Salehi F, Niusha S, Farzanegan B, Sheikhy K. Ten years' experience in surgical treatment of right middle lobe syndrome. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 21:354-8. [PMID: 25753209 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.14-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we present the clinical, radiological, pathological, bronchoscopic and surgical results of 40 patients with diagnosis of middle lobe syndrome who were referred to our thoracic surgery unit for surgical intervention in a 10 years period. METHODS Forty patients with obstructive and non-obstructive causes of middle lobe syndrome referred to our thoracic surgery unit. Clinical data were collected from the patients' records in a ten years period. This study evaluates diagnostic approaches and surgical treatments in right middle lobe syndrome. RESULTS We studied 23 females (57.5%) and 17 males (42.5%) with a mean age of 31.7. Clinical findings were cough 95%, sputum 80% and intermittent hemoptysis in 50% of patients. Middle lobe collapse was seen in CT scan of all patients. Bronchiectasis was the most common pathologic finding (55%). Tuberculosis was not rare and was final pathology in 20% of patients. In three patients ruptured hydatid cyst was final finding. Surgery was done without mortality and with only minor complications. CONCLUSION Lobectomy of right middle lobe is a good therapeutic option in these patients. Due to high prevalence of tuberculosis and hydatid cyst in Middle Eastern countries these two must be considered as causes of middle lobe syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saviz Pejhan
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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[Manifestations of lobar atelectasis on chest x-rays and correlation with computed tomography findings]. RADIOLOGIA 2013; 56:257-67. [PMID: 24252304 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atelectasis is an important indicator of potentially severe underlying disease that must be diagnosed as early as possible. One of the most common mechanisms is the reabsorption of air distal to respiratory tract obstruction. The chest x-ray is an excellent tool to diagnose atelectasis, and it is especially useful for ruling out central bronchial obstructions (e.g., from endobronchial tumors). If the signs of volume loss are not recognized correctly, the diagnosis and treatment can be delayed. This article describes the main findings of lobar atelectasis on chest x-rays and their correlations with CT findings, including the classic signs described in the literature and other, less known and sometimes subtle signs.
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11
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Shaikhrezai K, Khorsandi M, Zamvar V. Middle lobe syndrome associated with major haemoptysis. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8:84. [PMID: 23587098 PMCID: PMC3639081 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 60-year-old Indian woman who was suffering from recurrent pneumonia presented with major haemoptysis and a right-sided pleuritic chest pain. Initially the patient required resuscitation to optimise her haemodynamic parameters while oxygenation remained satisfactory. An urgent computed tomography pulmonary angiogram revealed right middle lobe syndrome which constitutes chronic collapse of the middle lobe accompanied by bronchiectatic changes. Angiography identified an abnormal bronchial artery and venous shunting which was embolised satisfactorily. Subsequently she underwent bronchoscopy which was unremarkable. Her post-operative course was uneventful and patient was discharged home. During the post-operative follow-up patient remained stable and was discharged from out-patient clinic after two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Shaikhrezai
- Department of cardiothoracic surgery, Royal infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 little France crescent, Old Dalkeith Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4SU, UK.
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12
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Sehitogullari A, Sayir F, Cobanoglu U, Bilici S. Surgical treatment of right middle lobe syndrome in children. Ann Thorac Med 2012; 7:8-11. [PMID: 22347343 PMCID: PMC3277046 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.91554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Right middle lobe syndrome is a rare entity in children, causing high morbidity. Our experience of these patients including their clinical and laboratory characteristics, indications forsurgical management, postoperative courses, and follow-up results was evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed involving 20 children with right middle lobe syndrome who were hospitalized and treated with surgical resection of the right middle lobe in Van Training and Research Hospital and Yüzüncüyil university hospital, Turkey, between January 2002 and January 2011. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 10.5 years (range, 5 to 15 years). Twelve patients were boys and eight were girls. The most frequent symptom was chronic cough (75%). Hemoptysis was present in two (10%) patients. One patient was being treated for asthma. 25% positive cultures were identified among the patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently identified agent in sputum. All patients underwent chest computed tomography. There were bronchiectasis in 11 (55%) patients, atelectasis and bronchiectasis in five (25%) patients, and destroyed lung in four (20%) patients. A narrowed middle lobe bronchus was shown in 15 (75%) patients. Bronchoscopy was performed in 18 (90%) patients. Stenosis due to external compression was seen in 12 (60%) patients, hyperemia and bronchitis in two (10%) patients, granulation tissue in two (10%) patients, and dense secretions in two (10%) patients. A history of doctor-diagnosed tuberculosis was present in two (10%) patients. These patients had completed antituberculous treatment. The patients had been symptomatic for the last 1 to 10 years (mean, 4 years) and had received several medical treatments. All patients (totally 20 patients) underwent right middle lobe resection. In one patient, a bronchial abnormality was found intraoperatively. One patient died on postoperative day 10 due to a brain abscess. Three other patients had postoperative complications (15%). Mean duration of follow-up of the patients was 4.5 years (range, 2 months to 12 years). Seventeen patients were asymptomatic, and two patients had improved. CONCLUSIONS: Children with right middle lobe syndrome unresponsive to medical treatment should undergo early lobe resection to avoid serious complications and the progression of the disease to other segments or lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sehitogullari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
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13
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Hamad AM, Elmistekawy E, Elatafy E. Chronic atelectasis of the left lower lobe: a clinicopathological condition equivalent to middle lobe syndrome. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012; 15:618-21. [PMID: 22761114 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Middle lobe syndrome is a well-known clinical condition. In this retrospective study, we report our experience with a similar clinicopathological condition affecting the left lower lobe. METHODS The data of 17 patients with atelectasis or bronchiectasis of the left lower lobe who underwent lobectomy during the period from January 2000 to December 2011 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, radiological and surgical data were collected. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included in this study, only one adult male patient of 52 years and 16 children. The paediatric patients were 10 boys and 6 girls, their age ranged from 2 to 11 years, mean 6.19 ± 2.6 years. Most patients presented with recurrent respiratory infection 15/17 (88.2%). The lag time before referral to surgery ranged from 3 to 48 months, mean 17.59 ± 13.1 months. Radiological signs of bronchiectasis were found in 11 (64.7%) patients. Bronchoscopy showed patent lower lobe bronchus in all patients. The criteria for lobectomy were evidence of bronchiectasis [11 (64.71%) patients], persistent atelectasis of the lobe after bronchoscopy and intensive medical therapy for a maximum of 2 months [6 (35.29%) patients]. Histopathological examination showed bronchiectasis in 11 (64.71%) patients, fibrosing pneumonitis in 4 (23.53%) patients and peribronchial inflammation in 2 (11.76%) patients. Most patients were doing well 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Chronic atelectasis of the left lower lobe is a clinicopathological condition equivalent to middle lobe syndrome. Impaired collateral ventilation together with airway plugging with secretion is an accepted explanation. Surgical resection is indicated for bronchiectatic lobe or failure of 2-month intensive medical therapy to resolve lobar atelectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Mohsen Hamad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt.
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14
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Gudbjartsson T, Gudmundsson G. Middle lobe syndrome: a review of clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 84:80-6. [PMID: 22377566 DOI: 10.1159/000336238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is a rare but important clinical entity that has been poorly defined in the literature. It is characterized by recurrent or chronic collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung but can also involve the lingula of the left lung. Pathophysiologically, there are two forms of MLS, namely obstructive and nonobstructive. Obstructive MLS is usually caused by endobronchial lesions or extrinsic compression of the middle lobe bronchus such as from hilar lymphadenopathy or tumors of neoplastic origin, resulting in postobstructive atelectasis and pneumonitis. In the nonobstructive type, no obstruction of the middle lobe bronchus is evident during bronchoscopy or with computerized tomography of the chest. The etiology of the nonobstructive form is not completely understood. Inefficient collateral ventilation, infection and inflammation in the middle lobe or lingula are thought to play a role, and bronchiectasis is the most common histological finding. Patients with proven endobronchial lesions or malignancy are usually offered surgical resection directly. This contrasts with nonobstructive MLS, where most patients respond to medical treatment consisting of bronchodilators, mucolytics and broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, some patients do not respond to conservative treatment and may suffer irreversible damage of the middle lobe or lingula, in addition to having recurrent symptoms of infection or inflammation. These selected patients can be offered surgical resection of the middle lobe or lingula, which is associated with a low mortality rate and favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Noël-Savina E, Tromeur C, Quere G, Choplain JN, Leroyer C, Descourt R. [A case of a carcinoid tumour presenting as an "upper lobe syndrome"]. Rev Mal Respir 2011; 28:1172-5. [PMID: 22123146 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman presented with progressive cough related to an endobronchial carcinoid tumour. The location of the tumour in the right upper lobe bronchus could be described as an "upper lobe syndrome" by analogy with the "middle lobe syndrome" or Brock's syndrome. Surgical management consisted of lobectomy and lymph node dissection. This established the diagnosis of typical carcinoid tumour. There was no mediastinal nodal invasion. Three months after surgery all symptoms had disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Noël-Savina
- Service d'oncologie thoracique, institut d'oncologie et d'hématologie, CHU Morvan, Brest, France.
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Einarsson JT, Einarsson JG, Isaksson H, Gudbjartsson T, Gudmundsson G. Middle lobe syndrome: a nationwide study on clinicopathological features and surgical treatment. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2010; 3:77-81. [PMID: 20298381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2008.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is a relatively uncommon lung disease that is characterized by damage to the middle lobe and often needs surgical intervention. OBJECTIVE To study clinical, radiological and histological features of all patients who underwent surgical resection for MLS in Iceland over a 13-year period, including evaluation of surgical outcome. METHODS Information on patients who underwent surgery of the right middle lobe in Iceland from 1984 to 2006 was obtained from a centralized diagnosis and pathology registry. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from clinical records from hospitals and from private offices. All pathology specimens were reviewed. RESULTS We studied 18 patients, 3 males and 15 females between the ages 2 and 86 years (mean 55). The most common clinical features were recurrent infection (n = 15), chronic cough with productive sputum (n = 9), chest pain (n = 8) or dyspnea (n = 7). The most common findings on chest radiographs and on computerized tomography of the chest were atelectasis, consolidation and bronchiectasis. One patient had a foreign body. The most common major histological finding was bronchiectasis in nine patients, and two had foreign body reaction. Minor findings included bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia and peribronchial inflammation. All patients survived surgery with minor peri- and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION MLS is more common in females, and recurrent infections, chronic productive cough and dyspnea were the most common symptoms. Bronchiectasis is the most common histological finding. MLS can be treated effectively with lobectomy with low mortality and rate of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Thorkell Einarsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, E-7 Fossvogur, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Abstract
Bronchiectasis is defined by permanent and abnormal widening of the bronchi. This process occurs in the context of chronic airway infection and inflammation. It is usually diagnosed using computed tomography scanning to visualize the larger bronchi. Bronchiectasis is also characterized by mild to moderate airflow obstruction. This review will describe the pathophysiology of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Studies have demonstrated that the small airways in bronchiectasis are obstructed from an inflammatory infiltrate in the wall. As most of the bronchial tree is composed of small airways, the net effect is obstruction. The bronchial wall is typically thickened by an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages which may form lymphoid follicles. It has recently been demonstrated that patients with bronchiectasis have a progressive decline in lung function. There are a large number of etiologic risk factors associated with bronchiectasis. As there is generally a long-term retrospective history, it may be difficult to determine the exact role of such factors in the pathogenesis. Extremes of age and smoking/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be important considerations. There are a variety of different pathogens involved in bronchiectasis, but a common finding despite the presence of purulent sputum is failure to identify any pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterial flora appears to change with progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T King
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Endobronchial Tuberculosis with Lobar Obstruction Successfully Treated by Argon Plasma Coagulation. South Med J 2009; 102:1078-81. [DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e3181b66e7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rechtes Mittellappensyndrom der Lunge bei Marfan-Syndrom. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-007-0590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim HO, Ma JE, Lee SJ, Cho YJ, Jeong YY, Jeon KN, Kim HC, Lee JD, Hwang YS. Causes of Right Middle Lobe Syndrome -Recent Experience in Local Tertiary Hospital for Several Years-. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2007.62.3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yu Ji Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yi Yeong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nyeo Jeon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Deok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Sil Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Priftis KN, Mermiri D, Papadopoulou A, Anthracopoulos MB, Vaos G, Nicolaidou P. The Role of Timely Intervention in Middle Lobe Syndrome in Children. Chest 2005; 128:2504-10. [PMID: 16236916 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) in children is characterized by a spectrum of clinical and radiographic presentations, from persistent or recurrent atelectasis to pneumonitis and bronchiectasis of the right middle lobe (RML) and/or lingula. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of early intervention, including fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), in the development of bronchiectasis in MLS. DESIGN Children with atelectasis of the RML and/or lingula persisting for > 1 month or recurring two or more times despite conventional treatment underwent high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning and FOB. Appropriate treatment and follow-up were provided, and the effect of the duration of symptoms on clinical outcome and the development of bronchiectasis was investigated. The patient cohort was retrospectively reviewed. PATIENTS We evaluated 55 children with MLS. The median age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms, and duration of clinical deterioration before diagnosis were 5.5 years (range, 3 months to 12 years), 14.5 months (range, 3 to 48 months), and 8 months (range, 3 to 36 months), respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS FOB revealed marked obstruction in two children (ie, a foreign body and an endobronchial tumor) and positive findings for a culture of BAL fluid in 49.1% of patients. The remaining 53 patients were followed up for a median duration of 24 months (range, 5 to 96 months). The clinical outcome was "cure" in 60.4% of patients, "improvement" in 32.1% of patients, and "no change" in the remaining patients. Bronchiectasis was documented prior to FOB by HRCT scan in 15 patients (27.3%). The duration of the deterioration of symptoms prior to presentation positively correlated with the development of bronchiectasis (p = 0.03) and an unfavorable clinical outcome (ie, improvement or no change) [p = 0.02]; a positive correlation was also found between the duration of symptoms and the development of bronchiectasis (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Timely medical intervention in patients with MLS that includes FOB with BAL prevents bronchiectasis that may be responsible for an ultimately unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas N Priftis
- Department of Allergology-Pulmonology, Penteli Children's Hospital, 152 36 P. Penteli, Greece.
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Vandenbos F, Passail G. [Middle lobe syndrome]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2005; 61:279-81. [PMID: 16208195 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8417(05)84827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Broncholithiasis is uncommon and usually a late complication of tuberculosis in France. The most common cause of broncholithiasis is erosion by and extrusion of a calcified lymph node into a bronchial lumen. Clinical symptoms are not specific and diagnosis may be an endoscopic or a radiologic surprise. We report a case of broncholithiasis in a patient with chronic cough. Fibroscopy established the diagnosis by showing the broncholith.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vandenbos
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Intercommunal de Fréjus/Saint-Raphaël, 240, avenue de Saint-Lambert, BP 110, 83608 Fréjus Cedex.
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Ayed AK. Resection of the Right Middle Lobe and Lingula in Children for Middle Lobe/Lingula Syndrome. Chest 2004; 125:38-42. [PMID: 14718418 DOI: 10.1378/chest.125.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To review our experience with specific characteristics, indications, and results of pulmonary resection in children with middle lobe/lingula syndrome. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Thoracic Surgery Department, Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Thirteen children with middle lobe, lingula, or both syndromes were treated with pulmonary resection from January 1995 to December 1999. RESULTS The mean age was 7.5 years (range, 5 to 10 years). Eight patients were girls, and five were boys. All patients underwent high-resolution CT and bronchoscopy. Bronchiectasis and atelectasis of right middle lobe, lingula, or both was noted in nine patients. Bronchial stenosis and inflammation of the bronchus was found endoscopically in four patients. The indications for surgery were recurrent respiratory tract infection with persistent atelectasis and bronchiectasis in nine patients, and recurrent respiratory tract infection with bronchiectasis in four patients. A right middle lobectomy was done on seven patients and a lingulectomy on four patients. Two patients underwent staged thoracotomies (right middle lobectomy and lingulectomy). There were no operative deaths. Only two patients had postoperative complications: atelectasis (n = 1), and pneumothorax (n = 1). Mean follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 3 to 5 years) for all patients. Nine patients were asymptomatic, and four patients had improved. CONCLUSION Right middle lobe or lingula syndrome with the presence of bronchiectasis, bronchial stenosis, or failure of lung to re-expand are indications for early pulmonary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel K Ayed
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, and Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait.
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Chien HP, Lin TP, Chen HL, Huang TW. Right middle lobe atelectasis associated with endobronchial silicotic lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:1619-22. [PMID: 11079012 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1619-rmlaaw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a period of 18 months, we have encountered 4 cases of right middle lobe atelectasis associated with endobronchial silicotic lesions of right middle lobe bronchi. All patients had occupational exposure to mineral dusts (3 coal miners and 1 sand blaster) for months to decades. METHODS The nature of the endobronchial silicotic lesions that caused the bronchial obstruction has been confirmed by endobronchial biopsies and energy-dispersive spectrometry of the lesions. Extrinsic compression has been excluded by careful radiographic and computed tomographic image analysis. RESULTS The endobronchial silicosis does not appear to correlate with the degree of pneumoconiosis of the lung parenchyma. The endobronchial silicosis may cause bronchial obstruction in the absence of radiographic evidence of pulmonary silicosis. CONCLUSION The endobronchial silicosis and consequent lung atelectasis may be associated with silica exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Chien
- Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau, Wan-Shun-Liau, Shen-King Shiang, Taipei County, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Colby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
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Kinzy JD, Powers WP, Baddour LM. Case report: Blastomyces dermatitidis as a cause of middle lobe syndrome. Am J Med Sci 1996; 312:191-3. [PMID: 8853069 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199610000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Middle lobe syndrome is a clinical term used to describe right middle lobe atelectasis with or without bronchial compression. Fungal disease has been implicated rarely as a cause of middle lobe syndrome. This is a patient with Blastomyces dermatitidis infection who presented with right middle lobe syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kinzy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, USA
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Abstract
Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is an uncommon lung disorder involving the right middle lobe and/or lingula and is characterized by a spectrum of clinical and pathological lesions ranging from recurrent atelectasis or pneumonias to bronchiectasis. Despite several series reporting the clinical features of MLS, histopathological descriptions are rare. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and pathological findings in 21 patients with MLS who underwent surgical resections. Six male and 15 female patients between the ages of 5 and 80 years (mean, 47 years) were studied. All patients were symptomatic and complained of chronic cough (8), hemoptysis (6), chest pain (4), dyspnea (3), or fever (2). The right middle lobe was involved in 11 patients, the lingula in four patients, and both right middle lobe and lingula in six patients. Chest radiographs, bronchograms, and/or computed tomography scans were available for review in 19 patients and showed consolidation (8), bronchiectasis (9), patchy infiltrates (5), and atelectasis (4) in various combinations. Pathological findings included bronchiectasis in 10 patients, chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, patchy organizing pneumonia in six, atelectasis in five, granulomatous inflammation in five, and abscess formation in four. Three patients with granulomatous inflammation had associated atypical mycobacterial infection. Broncholithiasis was confirmed by pathological examination in one patient. No pathological cause for bronchial obstruction was identified in the remaining 20 patients, although one was thought to have had broncholithiasis on the basis of preoperative bronchoscopy. The presence of bronchiectasis, bronchitis or bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, or atelectasis in specimens from the right middle lobe or of lingula in the absence of an identifiable cause of bronchial obstruction should suggest a diagnosis of MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Taegu, Korea
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Springer C, Avital A, Noviski N, Maayan C, Ariel I, Mogel P, Godfrey S. Role of infection in the middle lobe syndrome in asthma. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:592-4. [PMID: 1599294 PMCID: PMC1793699 DOI: 10.1136/adc.67.5.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty one children with asthma aged 1.0-10.5 years (mean (SD) 3.3 (2.5) years) were admitted to the hospital to evaluate pulmonary right middle lobe or lingular collapse lasting one to 12 months (mean (SD) 4.4 (3.8) months). Seven children had mild asthma and were treated with inhaled beta 2 agonists as needed. Nine had moderate asthma treated with either sodium cromoglycate or slow release theophylline. Five had severe asthma treated with inhaled steroids. Each child underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia and a bronchoalveolar lavage. Differential cell counts of the lavage fluid revealed predominance of neutrophils in 12 patients (57%). In nine of these patients cultures grew pathogenic bacteria, mainly Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. There was no correlation between the severity of asthma and a positive bacterial culture. There was also no correlation between the duration of the right middle lobe collapse and a positive culture. We conclude that longstanding right middle lobe collapse in asthmatic children is often associated with bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Springer
- Institute of Pulmonology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem
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Riquet M, Dupont P, Hidden G, Debesse B. Lymphatic drainage of the middle lobe of the adult lung. Surg Radiol Anat 1990; 12:231-3. [PMID: 1705054 DOI: 10.1007/bf01624531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Riquet
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Laennec, Paris, France
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Wagner RB, Crawford WO, Schimpf PP, Jamieson PM, Rao KC. Quantitation and pattern of parenchymal lung injury in blunt chest trauma. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. THE JOURNAL OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 1988; 12:270-81. [PMID: 3197428 DOI: 10.1016/0149-936x(88)90084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-nine patients with nonpenetrating pulmonary trauma were studied by chest computed tomography (CT) within 24 hours of admission. The percentage of air-space filling was quantitated and compared with the requirement for ventilatory support. Pulmonary intraalveolar hemorrhage always is gravity dependent originating at the site of injury. Utilizing CT, the patients' pulmonary status was classified into three separate clinicoradiologic groups: Grade I injury (less than 18% air-space filling, no ventilator support required), Grade II injury (18-28% air-space filling, ventilator support sometimes required), and Grade III injury (greater than 28 air-space filling, ventilator support always required). The CT quantitation correlated with clinical functional studies and was useful in the therapeutic management of nonpenetrating lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Prince Georges Hospital Center, Cheverly, Maryland
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Abstract
Right middle lobe syndrome (RMLS) is characterized by a spectrum of diseases from recurrent atelectasis and pneumonitis to bronchiectasis of the middle lobe. It has been described among all age groups, although the diagnosis in pediatrics may be delayed or missed because of non-specific symptoms or findings. Twenty-one children with RMLS were evaluated during the past 10 years with particular attention to the history, bronchoscopic and pathologic findings. Most of these patients had asthma or a family history of atopic disorders; 3 patients had a family history of RMLS. Only two of the 21 patients had sufficient obstruction on bronchoscopy to account for their disease. Four had evidence of concomitant laryngeal pathology. The various theories of pathogenesis are discussed. In this series, the non-obstructive (impaired collateral ventilation) theory appeared to be most plausible. Bronchoscopy was performed in all instances to rule out obstruction due to foreign body or tumor. It was therapeutic in two-thirds of the cases. Resolution occurred promptly in one-third, and eventually in another third. Of the remaining patients, 4 required lobectomy and were cured; two have decreased but persistent symptoms. An aggressive medical management following bronchoscopy is warranted in all cases, especially when there is a possibility of asthma.
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Alteraciones radiograficas en niños con asma agudizado. Arch Bronconeumol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)32194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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