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Takamiya S, Hashimoto M, Mita T, Yokota T, Nakajima Y, Yamakura F, Sugio S, Fujimura T, Ueno T, Yamasaki H. Bioinformatic identification of cytochrome b5 homologues from the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans highlights the crucial role of A. suum adult-specific secretory cytochrome b₅ in parasitic adaptation. Parasitol Int 2015; 65:113-20. [PMID: 26571414 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that adult Ascaris suum possesses NADH-metmyoglobin and NADH-methaemoglobin reductase systems that are located in the cells of the body wall and in the extracellular perienteric fluid, respectively, which helps them adapt to environmental hypoxia by recovering the differential functions of myoglobin and haemoglobin. A. suum cytochrome b5, an adult-specific secretory protein and an essential component of the NADH-metmyo (haemo) globin reductase system, has been extensively studied, and its unique nature has been determined. However, the relationship between A. suum cytochrome b5 and the canonical cytochrome b5 proteins, from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is unclear. Here, we have characterised four cytochrome b5-like proteins from C. elegans (accession numbers: CAB01732, CCD68984, CAJ58492, and CAA98498) and three from A. suum (accession numbers: ADY48796, ADY46277, and ADY48338) and compared them with A. suum cytochrome b5 in silico. Bioinformatic and molecular analyses showed that CAA98498 from C. elegans is equivalent of A. suum cytochrome b5, which was not expressed as a mature mRNA. Further, the CAA98498 possessed no secretory signal peptide, which occurs in A. suum cytochrome b5 precursor. These results suggest that this free-living nematode does not need a haemoprotein such as the A. suum cytochrome b5 and highlight the crucial function of this A. suum adult-specific secretory cytochrome b5 in parasitic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinzaburo Takamiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Muneaki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yokota
- R & D Strategy Department, Yokohama Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakajima
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engneering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-naka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Yamakura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sugio
- R & D Strategy Department, Yokohama Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Takamiya S, Hashimoto M, Kazuno S, Kikkawa M, Yamakura F. Ascaris suum NADH-methemo(myo)globin reductase systems recovering differential functions of hemoglobin and myoglobin, adapting to environmental hypoxia. Parasitol Int 2009; 58:278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hashimoto M, Takamiya S, Yokota T, Nakajima Y, Yamakura F, Sugio S, Aoki T. Ascaris suum cytochrome b5, an adult-specific secretory protein reducing oxygen-avid ferric hemoglobin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 471:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yokota T, Nakajima Y, Yamakura F, Sugio S, Hashimoto M, Takamiya S. Unique structure of Ascaris suum b5-type cytochrome: an additional alpha-helix and positively charged residues on the surface domain interact with redox partners. Biochem J 2006; 394:437-47. [PMID: 16288599 PMCID: PMC1408674 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b5 of the body wall of adult Ascaris suum, a porcine parasitic nematode, is a soluble protein that lacks a C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain, but possesses an N-terminal pre-sequence of 30 amino acids. During the maturation of cytochrome b5, the N-terminal pre-sequence is proteolytically cleaved to form the mature protein of 82 amino acid residues. A. suum cytochrome b5 is a basic protein containing more lysine residues and exhibiting a higher midpoint redox potential than its mammalian counterparts. We developed an expression system for the production of the recombinant nematode cytochrome b5, which is chemically and functionally identical with the native protein. Using this recombinant protein, we have determined the X-ray crystal structure of A. suum cytochrome b5 at 1.8 A (1 A=0.1 nm) resolution, and we have shown that this protein is involved in the reduction of nematode body-wall metmyoglobin. The crystal structure of A. suum cytochrome b5 consists of six alpha-helices and five beta-strands. It differs from its mammalian counterparts by having a head-to-tail disulphide bridge, as well as a four-residue insertion in the vicinity of the sixth ligating histidine, which forms an additional alpha-helix, alpha4A, between helices alpha4 and alpha5. A. suum cytochrome b5 exists predominantly as a haem-orientation B isomer. Furthermore, the haem plane is rotated approx. 80 degrees relative to the axis formed by haem-Fe and N atoms of the two histidine residues that are ligated to haem-Fe. The charge distribution around the haem crevice of A. suum cytochrome b5 is remarkably different from that of mammalian cytochrome b5 in that the nematode protein bears positively charged lysine residues surrounding the haem crevice. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that A. suum cytochrome b5 is present in the nematode hypodermis. Based on this histochemical and structural information, the physiological function of A. suum cytochrome b5 and its interaction with nematode metmyoglobin can be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yokota
- *Science and Technology Office, Yokohama Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
- †Structural Biology Business Unit, ZOEGENE Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakajima
- *Science and Technology Office, Yokohama Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Yamakura
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Inba, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sugio
- *Science and Technology Office, Yokohama Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
- †Structural Biology Business Unit, ZOEGENE Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
| | - Muneaki Hashimoto
- §Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Takamiya
- §Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
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