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Luo C, He J, Wang N, Zhu N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qin M, Hui T. Enhanced reparatory effect of EI1 on dental pulp via extracellular matrix remodeling by miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:177-185. [PMID: 38303812 PMCID: PMC10829547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for dental pulp repair. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ECM remodeling effect of miR-181b-2-3p (a microRNA) and to verify the reparatory effect of EI1 (an epigenetic drug) and miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor on dental pulp. Materials and methods Levels of ECM-related factors in EI1-treated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The anti-inflammation effect of EI1 was examined in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated hDPCs. miR-181b-2-3p mimics or inhibitors were transfected into hDPCs and then the cells' functions were detected. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targets of miR-181b-2-3p. Pulpotomy using miR-181b-2-3p antagomirs and EI1 as pulp capping materials was performed in male six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Results EI1 upregulated ECM-related genes expression in hDPCs, but failed to upregulate the collagen1A1 (COL1A1) protein level. Pro-inflammatory factors were downregulated by EI1 in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated hDPCs. Overexpression of miR-181b-2-3p downregulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 precursor (FNDC5), while the inhibition had the opposite effect. Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-181b-2-3p targets TGF-β2, FNDC5 and integrin alpha 4 protein (ITGA4). Compared to EI1 was used alone, EI1 combined with the inhibitor upregulated the protein levels of COL1A1, fibronectin (FN1) and TGF-β2 in hDPCs, promoted hDPCs migration, and exhibited reparatory effects on inflamed rat pulp tissue. Conclusion miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor could enhance the reparatory effect of EI1 via ECM remodeling in dental pulp both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyi Luo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ningxin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqian Hui
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Kearney M, Shimizu E. Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:574-593. [PMID: 37213443 PMCID: PMC10199232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment (VPT), but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics. Traditional dentistry is expensive, invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease, rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity. Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based 'fillings' that preserve the dental pulp; research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry, with high failure rates, to smart restorations targeted at biological processes. Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process. Therefore, exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex. This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in dental-pulp-cells (DPCs) that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability. Consequently, HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed, inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material. Despite positive results, clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles, dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships. The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, while considering the next steps, material considerations, challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other 'smart' restorations in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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3
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Duncan HF. Present status and future directions - Vital pulp treatment and pulp preservation strategies. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:497-511. [PMID: 35080024 PMCID: PMC9306596 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies focussed on the pulp preservation, are important when managing vital teeth with deep caries and an exposed pulp. These vital pulp treatments (VPTs); however, are not new, with indirect and direct pulp capping procedures being described as a therapy for carious teeth for over a century. As a result of unpredictable outcomes, the traditional indications for VPT particularly when the pulp was exposed were limited to the treatment of immature teeth with incomplete root formation. Over the last 20 years, the advent of regenerative endodontics and the promotion of biologically based therapies aimed at reducing intervention have reinvigorated VPT with new waves of basic science and clinical research indicating a role for VPT not only in mature cariously affected teeth, but also in teeth with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis. Driven by new materials such as hydraulic calcium silicate cements, a better understanding of pulpal immunity and biology as well and improved tissue handling, VPT has been at the forefront of treatment recommendations made by global Cariology and Endodontic organizations. Care must be exercised, however, as key gaps in scientific knowledge remain alongside severe limitations in educational dissemination amongst dentists. Although research has highlighted that carious injury to the dentine–pulp complex stimulates a wide range of responses and that the interaction between infection, inflammation and repair will eventually impact on the outcome of pulpitis, our ability to accurately and objectively diagnose the true inflammatory state of the pulp remains poor. An overreliance on symptoms leaves clinicians with subjective, crude diagnostic tools by which to inform treatment planning and decision‐making, which results in large variations in the treatments offered to patients. Not only is there an urgent need to develop preoperative and intraoperative diagnostic tools, but there is also a paucity of the high‐quality comparative evidence required to answer the most important questions and justify treatment options. The aim of this review was to consider the current status of VPT and to discuss the principle problems that are hindering clinical acceptance of these techniques. Potential solutions and opportunities are offered to suggest ways that VPT may become a more consistently prescribed evidenced‐based treatment in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Arhakis A, Cotti E, Kotsanos N. Pulp Therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Virdee SS, Bashir N, Camilleri J, Cooper PR, Tomson P. Exploiting dentine matrix proteins in cell-free approaches for periradicular tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:707-732. [PMID: 34309453 PMCID: PMC9419954 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of mesenchymal stem cells within periapical lesions (PL-MSC) has presented novel opportunities for managing periradicular diseases in adult teeth by way of enhancing tissue regeneration. This discovery coincides with the current paradigm shift toward biologically driven treatment strategies in endodontics, which have typically been reserved for non-vital immature permanent teeth. One such approach that shows promise is utilizing local endogenous non-collagenous dentine extracellular matrix components (dECM) to recruit and upregulate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of PL-MSCs in situ. At picogram levels, these morphogens have demonstrated tremendous ability to enhance the cellular activities in in vitro and in vivo animal studies that would otherwise be necessary for periradicular regeneration. Briefly, these include proliferation, viability, migration, differentiation, and mineralization. Therefore, topical application of dECMs during ortho- or retrograde root canal treatment could potentially enhance and sustain the regenerative mechanisms within diseased periapical tissues that are responsible for attaining favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. This would provide many advantages when compared with conventional antimicrobial-only therapies for apical periodontitis (AP), which do not directly stimulate healing and have had stagnant success rates over the past five decades despite significant advances in operative techniques. The aim of this narrative review was to present the novel concept of exploiting endogenous dECMs as clinical tools for treating AP in mature permanent teeth. A large scope of literature was summarized to discuss the issues associated with conventional treatment modalities; current knowledge surrounding PL-MSCs; composition of the dECM; inductive potentials of dECM morphogens in other odontogenic stem cell niches; how treatment protocols can be adapted to take advantage of dECMs and PL-MSCs; and finally, the challenges currently impeding successful clinical translation alongside directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satnam Singh Virdee
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Nasir Bashir
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, B5 7SA;
| | - Josette Camilleri
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Paul R Cooper
- University of Otago, 2495, Faculty of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand;
| | - Phillip Tomson
- University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, 150183, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, B5 7EG.,University of Birmingham;
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yuan G, Yang G. Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on odontoblastic differentiation in dental papilla cells is determined by IPO7 expression level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:105-111. [PMID: 33548622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the broad-spectrum growth-promoting factors that participate in tooth development. The influence of TGF-β1 on the odontoblastic differentiation is still controvercy. Mouse primary dental papilla cells (mDPCs) as well as an immortalized mouse dental papilla cell line (mDPC6Ts) were treated with exogenous TGF-β1 during odontoblastic differentiation. RT-qPCR, Western blot, alizarin red staining and ALP staining were carried out to investigate the influence of TGF-β1 on odontoblastic differentiation. IPO7, important for SMAD complex translocation was also detected in mDPCs and mDPC6Ts in response to TGF-β1. After silencing IPO7 by transfection, the translocation process of P-SMAD2 was investigated by nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction as well as co-immunoprecipitation assay. The odontogenic markers, mineralization and IPO7 expression were significantly up-regulated in TGF-β1-treated mDPCs while down-regulated in mDPC6Ts. The total level of P-SMAD2 was not influenced by IPO7 in mDPCs, however, IPO7 could bind to P-SMAD2 and affect the nuclear-cytoplasm-shuttling of P-SMAD2. Our data demonstrated that TGF-β1 plays opposite roles in odontoblast differentiation in mDPCs and immortalized mouse dental papilla cell line (mDPC6Ts), which is determined by IPO7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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García-Bernal D, López-García S, Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, García-Navarro EM, Moraleda JM, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Melatonin Treatment Alters Biological and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Augmented Transforming Growth Factor Beta Secretion. J Endod 2020; 47:424-435. [PMID: 33359532 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone with well-reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the direct biological and immunomodulatory effects of melatonin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of melatonin on the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs. METHODS To address the melatonin biological effects on hDPSCs, the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs after melatonin treatment were evaluated. The statistical differences were evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS We found that melatonin did not alter hDPSC immunophenotype or cell viability, even at the highest concentrations used. However, using intermediate melatonin concentrations (10-300 μmol/L), a significantly higher proliferation rate (P < .05 and P < .01) and migration of hDPSCs (P < .01) were observed. Importantly, melatonin treatment (100 μmol/L) significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (P < .05 and P < .01) and provoked a more robust antiproliferative effect on mitogen-stimulated T cells (P < .05). Finally, and unlike previous results found with mesenchymal stem cells from other sources, melatonin fails to induce or accelerate the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings provide key data on the bioactivity of melatonin and its effects on hPDSC biological and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Esther M García-Navarro
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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8
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Chang MC, Chang HH, Hsieh WC, Huang WL, Lian YC, Jeng PY, Wang YL, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on plasminogen activation in stem cells from the apical papilla: role of activating receptor-like kinase 5/Smad2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. Int Endod J 2020; 53:647-659. [PMID: 31955434 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of TGF-β1 on the plasminogen activation (PA) system of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and its signalling. METHODOLOGY SCAP cells were isolated from the apical papilla of immature permanent teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. They were exposed to various concentration of TGF-β1 with/without pretreatment and coincubation by SB431542 (ALK/Smad2/3 inhibitor), or U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor). MTT assay, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect their effects on cell viability, and the protein expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and their secretion. The paired Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 significantly stimulated PAI-1 and soluble uPAR (suPAR) secretion of SCAP cells (P < 0.05), whereas uPA secretion was inhibited. Accordingly, TGF-β1 induced both PAI-1 and uPAR protein expression of SCAP cells. SB431542 (an ALK5/Smad2/3 inhibitor) pretreatment and coincubation prevented the TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 and uPAR of SCAP. U0126 attenuated the TGF-β1-induced expression/secretion of uPAR, but not PAI-1 in SCAP. SB431542 reversed the TGF-β1-induced decline of uPA. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 may affect the repair/regeneration activities of SCAP via differential increase or decrease of PAI-1, uPA and uPAR. These effects induced by TGF-β1 are associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK activation. Elucidation the signalling pathways and effects of TGF-β1 is useful for treatment of immature teeth with open apex by revascularization/revitalization procedures and tissue repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H H Chang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W C Hsieh
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W L Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lian
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P Y Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y L Wang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S Y Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rajan S, Ljunggren A, Manton DJ, Björkner AE, McCullough M. Post-mitotic odontoblasts in health, disease, and regeneration. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104591. [PMID: 31710968 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Description of the odontoblast lifecycle, an overview of the known complex molecular interactions that occur when the health of the dental pulp is challenged and the current and future management strategies on vital and non-vital teeth. METHODS A literature search of the electronic databases included MEDLINE (1966-April 2019), CINAHL (1982-April 2019), EMBASE and EMBASE Classic (1947-April 2019), and hand searches of references retrieved were undertaken using the following MESH terms 'odontoblast*', 'inflammation', 'dental pulp*', 'wound healing' and 'regenerative medicine'. RESULTS Odontoblasts have a sensory and mechano-transduction role so as to detect external stimuli that challenge the dental pulp. On detection, odontoblasts stimulate the innate immunity by activating defence mechanisms key in the healing and repair mechanisms of the tooth. A better understanding of the role of odontoblasts within the dental pulp complex will allow an opportunity for biological management to remove the cause of the insult to the dental pulp, modulate the inflammatory process, and promote the healing and repair capabilities of the tooth. Current strategies include use of conventional dental pulp medicaments while newer methods include bioactive molecules, epigenetic modifications and tissue engineering. CONCLUSION Regenerative medicine methods are in their infancy and experimental stages at best. This review highlights the future direction of dental caries management and consequently research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajan
- The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - D J Manton
- The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, UMCG, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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The possible role of basic fibroblast growth factor in dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104574. [PMID: 31585238 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are growth factors that play an important role in tooth development, repair, and regeneration. Of the FGF families, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been the most frequently investigated in dentistry. Numerous studies have reported advantages of bFGF, while others did not find any additional benefit. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the potential role of bFGF in dental pulp wound healing and regeneration in connection with cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, and neural differentiation from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms associated with bFGF in promoting dental pulp wound healing are discussed in this review.
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11
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Tziafas D. Characterization of Odontoblast-like Cell Phenotype and Reparative Dentin Formation In Vivo: A Comprehensive Literature Review. J Endod 2019; 45:241-249. [PMID: 30803530 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary aim was to explore the criteria used in characterization of reparative cells and mineralized matrices formed after treatment of pulp exposures, and the sequence of relative events. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether the reparative events depend on the experimental model species, age, and therapeutic intervention. METHODS A literature search of databases using different combinations of the key words was undertaken. Data analysis was based only on studies having histological or histochemical assessment of the pulp tissue responses. The search yielded 86 studies, 47 capping material-based and 39 bioactive application-based experiments, which provided data on morphological or functional characterization of the mineralized matrices and the associated cells. RESULTS In 64% of capping material-based and 72% of bioactive application-based experiments, a 2-zone mineralized matrix formation (atubular followed by tubular) was detected, whereas characterization of odontoblastic differentiation is provided in only 25.5% and 46.1% of the studies, respectively. In 93.3% of the studies showing odontoblast-like cells, differentiated cells were in association with tubular mineralized matrix formation. Analyses further showed that cell- and matrix-related outcomes do not depend on experimental model species, age, and therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of the reviewed scientific literature is that dental pulp cells secrete a dentin-like matrix of tubular morphology in relation to primitive forms of atubular or osteotypic mineralized matrix. Furthermore, data analysis showed that dental pulp cells express in vivo the odontoblastic phenotype, and secrete matrix in a predentin-like pattern, regardless of the model species, age, and therapeutic intervention used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tziafas
- Hamdan Bin Mohamed College of Dental Medicine, MBR University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
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12
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Samiei M, Janjić K, Cvikl B, Moritz A, Agis H. The role of sclerostin and dickkopf-1 in oral tissues - A review from the perspective of the dental disciplines. F1000Res 2019; 8:128. [PMID: 31031968 PMCID: PMC6468704 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17801.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is of high relevance in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of oral tissues. Therefore, Wnt signaling is considered to be a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The action of Wnt is tightly controlled by the inhibitors sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf (DKK)-1. Given the impact of SOST and DKK-1 in hard tissue formation, related diseases and healing, it is of high relevance to understand their role in oral tissues. The clinical relevance of this knowledge is further underlined by systemic and local approaches which are currently in development for treating a variety of diseases such as osteoporosis and inflammatory hard tissue resorption. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge and understanding on the Wnt signaling inhibitors SOST and DKK-1, and their role in physiology, pathology, and regeneration in oral tissues. We present this role from the perspective of the different specialties in dentistry, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
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13
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Fuks AB, Kupietzky A, Guelmann M. Pulp Therapy for the Primary Dentition. Pediatr Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-60826-8.00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Bioactive Dental Composites and Bonding Agents Having Remineralizing and Antibacterial Characteristics. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:669-687. [PMID: 28886763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current dental restorative materials are typically inert and replace missing tooth structures. This article reviews efforts in the development of a new generation of bioactive materials designed to not only replace the missing tooth volume but also possess therapeutic functions. Composites and bonding agents with remineralizing and antibacterial characteristics have shown promise in replacing lost minerals, inhibiting recurrent caries, neutralizing acids, repelling proteins, and suppressing biofilms and acid production. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a low cytotoxicity similar to current resins, with additional benefits to protect the dental pulp and promote tertiary dentin formation. This new class of bioactive materials shows promise in reversing lesions and inhibiting caries.
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15
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Alkharobi HE, Al-Khafaji H, Beattie J, Devine DA, El-Gendy R. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis Expression in Dental Pulp Cells Derived From Carious Teeth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:36. [PMID: 29707538 PMCID: PMC5906522 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in dental tissue regeneration and most components of this axis are expressed in human dental pulp cells (DPCs). In our previous study, we analyzed IGF axis gene expression in DPCs and demonstrated a novel role of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -3 in coordinating mineralized matrix formation in differentiating DPCs. A more recent study from our laboratory partially characterized dental pulp stem cells from teeth with superficial caries (cDPCs) and showed that their potential to differentiate odontoblasts and/or into osteoblasts is enhanced by exposure to the mild inflammatory conditions characteristic of superficial caries. In the present study, we examine whether changes apparent in IGF axis expression during osteogenic differentiation of healthy DPCs are also apparent in DPCs derived from carious affected teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Esa Alkharobi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasanain Al-Khafaji
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Beattie
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Ann Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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16
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Šubarić L, Mitić A, Jovanović R, Matvijenko V, Živković M, Živković D, Perić D, Šubarić J. Direct and indirect pulp capping using glass-ionomer cement. PRAXIS MEDICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed1802015s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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17
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Lin LM, Kahler B. A review of regenerative endodontics: current protocols and future directions. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017; 51:S41-S51. [PMID: 29354308 PMCID: PMC5750827 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.53911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the biological basis and clinical
protocols currently used in regenerative endodontic
procedures (REPs) and discuss future directions in pulp
regeneration approaches. The treatment of immature teeth
with REPs has been described as a ‘paradigm shift’ as
there is the potential for further root maturation. Clinically,
REPs involve disinfection of the root canal system without
damaging the endogenous stem cell potential present in
the apical papilla and other tissues. These stems cells are
introduced into the root canal space by inducing a blood
clot followed by placement of an intracanal barrier to
prevent microleakage. The biological concept of REPs
involves the triad of stem cells, scaffold and signalling
molecules. Currently, repair rather than true regeneration
of the ‘pulp-dentine complex’ is achieved and further root
maturation is variable. However, may clinicians consider
the treatment of teeth with REPs as the optimal treatment
approach for immature teeth with pulp necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Lin
- Department of Endodontics New York University College of Dentistry 345 East 24th Street New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Bill Kahler
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Oral Health Centre 288 Herston Road, Corner Bramston Terrace and Herston Road Herston QLD 4006 Australia
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18
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Secretome profiles of immortalized dental follicle cells using iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7300. [PMID: 28779163 PMCID: PMC5544752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretomes produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were considered to be therapeutic potential. However, harvesting enough primary MSCs from tissue was time-consuming and costly, which impeded the application of MSCs secretomes. This study was to immortalize MSCs and compare the secretomes profile of immortalized and original MSCs. Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) were isolated and immortalized using pMPH86. The secretome profile of immortalized DFCs (iDFCs) was investigated and compared using iTRAQ labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS) quantitative proteomics. The MS data was analyzed using ProteinPilotTM software, and then bioinformatic analysis of identified proteins was done. A total of 2092 secreted proteins were detected in conditioned media of iDFCs. Compared with primary DFCs, 253 differently expressed proteins were found in iDFCs secretome (142 up-regulated and 111 down-regulated). Intensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that the majority of secreted proteins were involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation, cellular component organization or biogenesis, immune system process, developmental process, response to stimulus and signaling. Proteomic profile of cell secretome wasn't largely affected after immortalization converted by this piggyBac immortalization system. The secretome of iDFCs may be a good candidate of primary DFCs for regenerative medicine.
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19
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Chang MC, Chang HH, Lin PS, Huang YA, Chan CP, Tsai YL, Lee SY, Jeng PY, Kuo HY, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Effects of TGF-β1 on plasminogen activation in human dental pulp cells: Role of ALK5/Smad2, TAK1 and MEK/ERK signalling. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:854-863. [PMID: 27723266 DOI: 10.1002/term.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pulpal repair and dentinogenesis. Plasminogen activation (PA) system regulates extracellular matrix turnover. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on PA system of dental pulp cells and its signalling pathways. Dental pulp cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. MTT assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effect of TGF-β1 on cell viability, mRNA and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as their secretion. The phosphorylation of Smad2 and TAK1 was analysed by Pathscan ELISA or Western blotting. Cells were pretreated with SB431542 (ALK5/Smad2/3 inhibitor), 5z-7-oxozeaenol (TAK1 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor) for examining the related signalling. TGF-β1 slightly inhibited cell growth that was reversed by SB431542. TGF-β1 upregulated both RNA and protein expression of PAI-1 and uPAR, whereas it downregulated uPA expression. Accordingly, TGF-β1 stimulated PAI-1 and soluble uPAR (suPAR) secretion of pulp cells, whereas uPA secretion was inhibited. TGF-β1 induced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and TAK1. In addition, SB431542, 5z-7-oxozeaenol and U0126 attenuated the TGF-β1-induced secretion of PAI-1 and suPAR. These results indicate that TGF-β1 is possibly involved in the repair/regeneration and inflammatory processes of dental pulp via regulation of PAI-1, uPA and uPAR. These effects of TGF-β1 are related to activation of ALK5/Smad2, TAK1 and MEK/ERK signalling pathways. Clarifying the signal transduction for the effects of TGF-β1 is helpful for pulpo-dentin regeneration and tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shuan Lin
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Huang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Tsai
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Jeng
- School of Dentistry, University CEU, Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Han-Yueh Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology & Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Luiz de Oliveira da Rosa W, Machado da Silva T, Fernando Demarco F, Piva E, Fernandes da Silva A. Could the application of bioactive molecules improve vital pulp therapy success? A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:941-956. [PMID: 27998031 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the literature of animal studies to evaluate whether bioactive dentin proteins could improve vital pulp therapy success. The review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Two reviewers independently conducted a literature search of seven databases: PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO. Animal experiments in which bioactive dentin proteins were applied directly or indirectly to the pulp tissue were included. Data regarding the characteristics of the proteins evaluated, the delivery systems used and the main findings from each study were tabulated to assess the outcomes of interest (tertiary dentin formation, inflammatory response, intratubular mineralization). After screening, 32 papers were subjected to qualitative analysis. In 75% of the studies, direct pulp capping was performed. Additionally, the most studied proteins were BMP-7, TGF-β1, and extracted soluble dentin matrix proteins. In conclusion, there is evidence in the literature suggesting that bioactive dentin molecules could enhance tertiary dentin formation with fewer initial inflammatory responses in direct and indirect pulp therapy in animal models. There are potential areas to be explored for novel therapeutic approaches for dental tissue repair and regeneration with bioactive materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 941-956, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Machado da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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21
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Tziafas D, Kodonas K, Gogos C, Tziafa C, Papadimitriou S. Dentine-pulp tissue engineering in miniature swine teeth by set calcium silicate containing bioactive molecules. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Nikfarjam F, Beyer K, König A, Hofmann M, Butting M, Valesky E, Kippenberger S, Kaufmann R, Heidemann D, Bernd A, Zöller NN. Influence of Biodentine® - A Dentine Substitute - On Collagen Type I Synthesis in Pulp Fibroblasts In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167633. [PMID: 27936042 PMCID: PMC5147936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving a patient’s own teeth—even in a difficult situation—is nowadays preferable to surgical intervention and therefore promotes development of suitable dental repair materials. Biodentine®, a mineral trioxide aggregate substitute, has been used to replace dentine in a bioactive and biocompatible manner in both the dental crown and the root. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of Biodentine® on pulp fibroblasts in vitro. For this study, one to five Biodentine® discs with a diameter of 5.1mm were incubated in DMEM. To obtain Biodentine® suspensions the media were collected and replaced with fresh medium every 24h for 4 days. Primary pulp cells were isolated from freshly extracted wisdom teeth of 20–23 year old patients and incubated with the Biodentine® suspensions. Proliferation, cell morphology, cell integrity and cell viability were monitored. To evaluate the effect of Biodentine® on collagen type I synthesis, the secretion of the N-terminal domain of pro-collagen type I (P1NP) and the release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were quantified. None of the Biodentine® suspensions tested influenced cell morphology, proliferation or cell integrity. The cell viability varied slightly depending on the suspension used. However, the concentrations of P1NP of all pulp fibroblast cultures treated for 24h with the moderate to high Biodentine® concentration containing suspensions of day 1 were reduced to 5% of the control. Furthermore, a significant TGF-β1 reduction was observed after treatment with these suspensions. It could be shown that Biodentine® is biocompatible. However, dissolved particles of the moderate to high concentrated Biodentine® suspensions 24h after mixing induce a significant reduction of TGF-β1 release and reduce the secretion of collagen type I of primary pulp fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frangis Nikfarjam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kim Beyer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anke König
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Butting
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Valesky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Detlef Heidemann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Nicole Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Tabatabaei FS, Tatari S, Samadi R, Moharamzadeh K. Different methods of dentin processing for application in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2616-27. [PMID: 27256548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dentin has become an interesting potential biomaterial for tissue engineering of oral hard tissues. It can be used as a scaffold or as a source of growth factors in bone tissue engineering. Different forms of dentin have been studied for their potential use as bone substitutes. Here, we systematically review different methods of dentin preparation and the efficacy of processed dentin in bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published from 2000 to 2016. Studies on dentin preparation for application in bone tissue engineering were selected. The initial search yielded a total of 1045 articles, of which 37 were finally selected. Review of studies showed that demineralization was the most commonly used dentin preparation process for use in tissue engineering. Dentin extract, dentin particles (tooth ash), freeze-dried dentin, and denatured dentin are others method of dentin preparation. Based on our literature review, we can conclude that preparation procedure and the size and shape of dentin particles play an important role in its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Standardization of these methods is important to draw a conclusion in this regard. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2616-2627, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Tatari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Samadi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
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24
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Dentinogenic Specificity in the Preclinical Evaluation of Vital Pulp Treatment Strategies: A Critical Review. Dent J (Basel) 2015; 3:133-156. [PMID: 29567934 PMCID: PMC5851195 DOI: 10.3390/dj3040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reviews on the clinical performance of vital pulp treatment strategies and capping materials repeatedly showed an insufficient grade of evidence concerning their therapeutic validity. The biological mechanisms underlying the regenerative potential of pulp-dentin complex have attracted much attention during the last two decades, since new pulp treatment modalities have been designed and tested at the preclinical level. It has been recognized that evaluation should be based on the specific ability of therapeutic interventions to signal recruitment and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells forming a matrix in a predentin-like pattern, rather than uncontrolled hard tissue deposition in a scar-like form. The aim of the present article was to critically review data from histological experimental studies on pulp capping, published during the last 7 decades. A comprehensive literature search covering the period from 1949 to 2015 was done using the Medline/Pubmed database. Inclusion of a study was dependent on having sufficient data regarding the type of capping material used and the unit of observation (human permanent tooth in vivo or animal permanent dentition; primary teeth were excluded). The post-operatively deposited matrix was categorized into three types: unspecified, osteotypic, or dentin-like matrix. One hundred fifty-two studies were included in the final evaluation. Data from the present systematic review have shown that only 30.2% of the 152 experimental histological pulp capping studies described the heterogenic nature of the hard tissue bridge formation, including osteotypic and tubular mineralized tissue. Structural characteristics of the new matrix and the associated formative cells were not provided by the remaining 106 studies. Analysis showed that more careful preclinical evaluation with emphasis on the evidence regarding the dentinogenic specificity of pulp therapies is required. It seems that selection of appropriate vital pulp treatment strategies and pulp capping materials would be further facilitated in terms of their therapeutic validity if international consensus could be reached on a select number of mandatory criteria for tissue-specific dentinogenic events.
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25
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Farhad AR, Shokraneh A, Shekarchizade N. Regeneration or replacement? A case report and review of literature. Dent Traumatol 2015; 32:71-9. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Farhad
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Neda Shekarchizade
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
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26
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Lee CP, Colombo JS, Ayre WN, Sloan AJ, Waddington RJ. Elucidating the cellular actions of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal dental pulp stem cell population in orchestrating dental tissue repair. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415586318. [PMID: 26019808 PMCID: PMC4437905 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive growth factors identified within the extracellular matrix of dentine have been proposed roles in regulating the naturally inherent regenerative dentine formation seen in teeth in response to trauma and infection, which may also be harnessed for novel clinical treatments in augmenting mineralised tissue repair. This study examined the specific biological action of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal population of dental pulp stem cells in stimulating the prerequisite stages of wound healing associated with mineralised tissue repair. A clonal dental pulp stem cell population with sustained proliferative capacity and multi-potentiality towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was isolated from the pulp of human third molars. Dentine was collected from human healthy teeth, powdered and treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to obtain a solubilised DDM protein extract. The influence of DDM on the DPSC clonal population was assessed in vitro. Exposure of cells to proteolytically degraded DDM or unsupplemented media served as controls. Compared to controls, DDM stimulated cell expansion, reduced apoptotic marker caspase 3, increased cell survival marker Akt1 and enhanced mineralised matrix deposition as determined by mineral deposition and increased expression of bone-related markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. Dental pulp stem cells successfully migrated into collagen gels supplemented with demineralised dentine matrix, with cells remaining viable and expanding in numbers over a 3-day period. Collectively, the results provide evidence that soluble proteins extracted from dentine matrix are able to exert a direct biological effect on dental pulp stem cells in promoting mineralised tissue repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi P Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John S Colombo
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Tziafa C, Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Papadimitriou S, Tziafas D. Dentinogenic responses after direct pulp capping of miniature swine teeth with Biodentine. J Endod 2014; 40:1967-71. [PMID: 25308154 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate pulpal responses after experimental direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed teeth with a new calcium silicate-based dentin replacement material. METHODS Thirty-four anterior and posterior teeth of 3 miniature swine were used. Class V or I cavities were prepared on the buccal or occlusal surfaces, respectively. Pulpal exposures were further performed using a round carbide bur 0.8 mm in diameter. Exposures were treated with white MTA Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) or Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France), and the cavities were further restored with Biodentine. The pulpal tissue responses were histologically assessed at postoperative periods of 3 and 8 weeks. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Inflammatory infiltration or pulp tissue necrosis was not found in any of the specimens. All teeth showed mineralized matrix formation in the form of a complete hard tissue bridge composed of osteodentin or osteodentin followed by a discontinuous or continuous reparative dentin zone. A significantly higher thickness of the hard tissue bridge was found in the group of teeth treated with Biodentine at both 3 and 8 weeks. A number of teeth, which were under root development at the onset of the experimental procedures, exhibited ectopic pulp calcification. CONCLUSIONS The application of both calcium silicate-based materials in direct contact with the mechanically exposed pulp of healthy miniature swine teeth led to pulp repair with complete hard tissue bridge formation. The thickness of hard tissue bridges was significantly higher after pulp capping with Biodentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tziafa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugenia Koliniotou-Koumpia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serafim Papadimitriou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tziafas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Li F, Wang P, Weir MD, Fouad AF, Xu HH. Evaluation of antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite and adhesive in rat tooth cavity model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2804-13. [PMID: 24583320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial and remineralizing dental composites and adhesives were recently developed to inhibit biofilm acids and combat secondary caries. It is not clear what effect these materials will have on dental pulps in vivo. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial and remineralizing restorations in a rat tooth cavity model, and determine pulpal inflammatory response and tertiary dentin formation. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) were synthesized and incorporated into a composite and an adhesive. Occlusal cavities were prepared in the first molars of rats and restored with four types of restoration: control composite and adhesive; control plus DMADDM; control plus NACP; and control plus both DMADDM and NACP. At 8 or 30days, rat molars were harvested for histological analysis. For inflammatory cell response, regardless of time periods, the NACP group and the DMADDM+NACP group showed lower scores (better biocompatibility) than the control group (p=0.014 for 8days, p=0.018 for 30days). For tissue disorganization, NACP and DMADDM+NACP had better scores than the control (p=0.027) at 30days. At 8days, restorations containing NACP had a tertiary dentin thickness (TDT) that was five- to six-fold that of the control. At 30days, restorations containing NACP had a TDT that was four- to six-fold that of the control. In conclusion, novel antibacterial and remineralizing restorations were tested in rat teeth in vivo for the first time. Composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM exhibited milder pulpal inflammation and much greater tertiary dentin formation than the control adhesive and composite. Therefore, the novel composite and adhesive containing NACP and DMADDM are promising as a new therapeutic restorative system to not only combat oral pathogens and biofilm acids as shown previously, but also facilitate the healing of the dentin-pulp complex.
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Sonmez AB, Castelnuovo J. Applications of basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF-2, bFGF) in dentistry. Dent Traumatol 2013; 30:107-11. [PMID: 24118861 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in research have been based on the maintenance and regeneration of natural organs and tissues; among such developments is the use of growth factors (GFs). The use of basic fibroblastic growth factors (bFGF) may be indicated in different disciplines of dentistry such as periodontics and dental traumatology. These cells' ability to induce proliferation and differentiation of cells may make GFs a useful source for the development of natural structures. This mini-review will discuss how bFGF can be beneficial to dentistry in relation to 1) re-implantation/autotransplantation of avulsed teeth and 2) periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse B Sonmez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rome - La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Private Practice, Rome, Italy
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Ajay Sharma L, Sharma A, Dias GJ. Advances in regeneration of dental pulp--a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:85-98. [PMID: 23946258 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the biological response of dentin-pulp complexes to a variety of stimuli and responses to current treatment therapies and reviews the role of tissue engineering and its application in regenerative endodontics. An electronic search was undertaken based on keywords using Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid database resources up to March 2012 to identify appropriate articles, supplemented by a manual search using reference lists from relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were mainly based on different combinations of keywords and restricted to articles published in English language only. Biological approaches based on tissue engineering principles were found to offer the possibility of restoring natural tooth vitality, with distinct evidence that regeneration of lost dental tissues is possible. Studies to formulate an ideal restorative material with regenerative properties, however, are still under way. Further research with supporting clinical studies is required to identify the most effective and safe treatment therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Ajay Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fuks AB, Guelmann M, Kupietzky A. Current developments in pulp therapy for primary teeth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Carrilho M, Nascimento FD, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Manzoli L, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L. A review of the nature, role, and function of dentin non-collagenous proteins. Part II: enzymes, serum proteins, and growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Malhotra N, Mala K. Regenerative endodontics as a tissue engineering approach: Past, current and future. AUST ENDOD J 2012; 38:137-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2012.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Periradicular Tissue Responses to Biologically Active Molecules or MTA When Applied in Furcal Perforation of Dogs' Teeth. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:257832. [PMID: 22319529 PMCID: PMC3272814 DOI: 10.1155/2012/257832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the comparative evaluation of inflammatory reactions and tissue responses to four growth factors, or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), or a zinc-oxide-eugenol-based cement (IRM) as controls, when used for the repair of furcal perforations in dogs' teeth. Results showed significantly higher inflammatory cell response in the transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1) and zinc-oxide-eugenol-based cement (IRM) groups and higher rates of epithelial proliferation in the TGFβ1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) groups compared to the MTA. Significantly higher rates of bone formation were found in the control groups compared to the osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1). Significantly higher rates of cementum formation were observed in the IGF-I and bFGF groups compared to the IRM. None of the biologically active molecules can be suggested for repairing furcal perforations, despite the fact that growth factors exerted a clear stimulatory effect on cementum formation and inhibited collagen capsule formation. MTA exhibited better results than the growth factors.
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Li Y, Lü X, Sun X, Bai S, Li S, Shi J. Odontoblast-like cell differentiation and dentin formation induced with TGF-β1. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lin PS, Chang MC, Chan CP, Lee SY, Lee JJ, Tsai YL, Tseng HC, Tai TF, Lin HJ, Jeng JH. Transforming growth factor β1 down-regulates Runx-2 and alkaline phosphatase activity of human dental pulp cells via ALK5/Smad2/3 signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cooper PR, Takahashi Y, Graham LW, Simon S, Imazato S, Smith AJ. Inflammation–regeneration interplay in the dentine–pulp complex. J Dent 2010; 38:687-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kline LW, Yu DC. Effects of calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2, and parathyroid hormone-related protein on endodontically treated ferret canines. J Endod 2009; 35:866-9. [PMID: 19482187 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine whether human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin (CT), or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) promoted reparative tertiary dentin or osteodentin formation in ferret canines. METHODS Ferrets had up to 4 pulpotomies performed under anesthesia. All pulps had sterile absorbable sponge of a standard size placed in contact with the pulp. The sponge contained sterile saline, rhBMP-2, CGRP, CT, or PTHrP. The opening was filled with an intermediate restorative material. After 6 weeks, the ferrets were anesthetized, and the pulpotomized teeth were extracted. The canines were fixed, decalcified, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Sections were selected from the area of the opening, and the amount of reparative tertiary dentin and osteodentin was measured by using a digitizer. RESULTS Analysis of the photomicrographs showed that rhBMP-2 induced 0.58 +/- 0.19 mm(2) osteodentin and 0.56 +/- 0.18 mm(2) tertiary dentin. CGRP induced 0.46 +/- 0.05 mm(2) osteodentin and 0.38 +/- 0.04 mm(2) tertiary dentin. The amount of rhBMP-2-induced and CGRP-induced osteodentin and tertiary dentin was significantly (P < .001) more than that found in the sterile saline-treated teeth (0.29 +/- 0.03 mm(2) osteodentin and 0.14 +/- 0.03 mm(2) tertiary dentin) or CT (0.2 +/- 0.06 mm(2) osteodentin and 0.16 +/- 0.05 mm(2) tertiary dentin; P < .01). PTHrP significantly (P < .05) reduced the amount of osteodentin (0.17 +/- 0.02 mm(2)) observed in the saline-treated teeth but was not significantly different in the amount of tertiary dentin observed. CONCLUSIONS RhBMP-2 and CGRP promoted more pulpal healing than either CT or PTHrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren W Kline
- Division of Oral Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Baker SM, Sugars RV, Wendel M, Smith AJ, Waddington RJ, Cooper PR, Sloan AJ. TGF-beta/extracellular matrix interactions in dentin matrix: a role in regulating sequestration and protection of bioactivity. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:66-74. [PMID: 19424740 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta isoforms sequestrated in dentin matrix potentially provide a reservoir of bioactive molecules that may influence cell behavior in the dentin-pulp complex following tissue injury. The association of these growth factors with dentin matrix and the influence of such associations on the bioactivity of growth factors are still unclear. We used surface plasmon resonance technology in the BIAcore 3000 system to investigate the binding of TGF-beta isoforms 1 and 3 to purified decorin, biglycan, and EDTA soluble dentin matrix components. TGF-beta isoforms 1 and 3 were immobilized on sensorchips CM4 through amine coupling. For kinetic studies of protein binding, purified decorin and biglycan, isolated EDTA soluble dentin matrix, and dentin matrix immunodepleted of decorin and/or biglycan were injected over TGF-beta isoforms and allowed to interact. Programmed kinetic analysis software provided sensorgrams for each concentration of proteoglycan or dentin matrix extract injected. Purified decorin and biglycan and dentin matrix extract bound to the TGF-beta isoforms. However, the association with TGF-beta3 was much weaker than that with TGF-beta1. After immunoaffinity depletion of the dentin matrix extract, the level of interaction between the dentin matrix extract and TGF-beta was significantly reduced. These results suggest isoform-specific interactions between decorin/biglycan and TGF-beta isoforms 1 and 3, which may explain why TGF-beta3 is not detected in the dentin matrix despite being expressed at higher levels than TGF-beta1 in odontoblasts. These proteoglycans appear to play a significant role in TGF-beta/extracellular matrix interactions and may be important in the sequestration of these growth factors in the dentin matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Baker
- Tissue Injury and Repair, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK
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Okamoto Y, Sonoyama W, Ono M, Akiyama K, Fujisawa T, Oshima M, Tsuchimoto Y, Matsuka Y, Yasuda T, Shi S, Kuboki T. Simvastatin Induces the Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Endod 2009; 35:367-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li Y, Jin F, Du Y, Ma Z, Li F, Wu G, Shi J, Zhu X, Yu J, Jin Y. Cementum and Periodontal Ligament–like Tissue Formation Induced Using Bioengineered Dentin. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1731-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Li
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junnan Shi
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Smith AJ, Lumley PJ, Tomson PL, Cooper PR. Dental regeneration and materials—a partnership. Clin Oral Investig 2008; 12:103-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-008-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moioli EK, Clark PA, Xin X, Lal S, Mao JJ. Matrices and scaffolds for drug delivery in dental, oral and craniofacial tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:308-24. [PMID: 17499385 PMCID: PMC4035021 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for diseases and trauma of dental, oral and craniofacial (DOC) structures rely on durable materials such as amalgam and synthetic materials, or autologous tissue grafts. A paradigm shift has taken place to utilize tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches towards the regeneration of these structures. Several prototypes of DOC structures have been regenerated such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle, cranial sutures, tooth structures and periodontium components. However, many challenges remain when taking in consideration the high demand for esthetics of DOC structures, the complex environment and yet minimal scar formation in the oral cavity, and the need for accommodating multiple tissue phenotypes. This review highlights recent advances in the regeneration of DOC structures, including the tooth, periodontium, TMJ, cranial sutures and implant dentistry, with specific emphasis on controlled release of signaling cues for stem cells, biomaterial matrices and scaffolds, and integrated tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo K. Moioli
- Columbia University, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), College of Dental Medicine, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 630 W. 168 St. — PH7 East, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul A. Clark
- University of Wisconsin — Madison, UW-Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Neurological Surgery, CSC K4/879, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Xuejun Xin
- Columbia University, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), College of Dental Medicine, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 630 W. 168 St. — PH7 East, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Lal
- Columbia University, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), College of Dental Medicine, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 630 W. 168 St. — PH7 East, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Mao
- Columbia University, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), College of Dental Medicine, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 630 W. 168 St. — PH7 East, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mei YF, Yamaza T, Atsuta I, Danjo A, Yamashita Y, Kido MA, Goto M, Akamine A, Tanaka T. Sequential expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrotyrosine in odontoblasts and pulp cells during dentin repair after tooth preparation in rat molars. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 328:117-27. [PMID: 17216200 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates osteoblast differentiation, but whether NO contributes to odontoblast differentiation during dentin repair is unknown. By using reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining, we investigated the gene expression and/or immunolocalization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and nitrotyrosine (a biomarker for NO-derived peroxinitrite), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (early and terminal differentiation markers of odontoblasts, respectively) in dental pulp tissue after rat tooth preparation. At the early stage (1-3 days) post-preparation, markedly increased expression of iNOS and nitrotyrosine was found in odontoblasts and pulp cells beneath the cavity, whereas eNOS expression was significantly decreased. ALP mRNA expression was significantly increased after 1 day but decreased after 3 days, whereas ALP activity was weak in the dentin-pulp interface under the cavity after 1 day but strong after 3 days. Osteocalcin mRNA expression was significantly increased at this stage. At 7 days post-preparation, tertiary dentin was formed under the cavity. All the molecules studied were expressed at control levels in odontoblasts/pulp cells beneath the cavity. These findings show that abundant NO is released from odontoblasts and pulp cells at an early stage after tooth preparation and indicate that, after tooth preparation, the up-regulation of iNOS and nitrotyrosine in odontoblasts is synchronized with increased cellular expression of ALP and osteocalcin. Therefore, the NO synthesized by iNOS after tooth preparation probably participates in regulating odontoblast differentiation during tertiary dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng Mei
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Avendaño N, Gutierrez R, Hernández S, Moreno GC, Romero MC, Muñoz HR. Quantification of lactate-dehydrogenase and cell viability in postmortem human dental pulp. J Endod 2006; 32:183-5. [PMID: 16500222 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding pulp repair and regeneration requires being familiar with this tissue's behavior under extreme conditions, such as postmortem state where an abrupt interruption of tissue blood supply occurs. The purpose of this study was to quantify cell viability and the amount of lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) expressed in human pulp tissue 6, 12, and 24 hours postmortem to establish how long dental pulp remains viable after death. Pulp samples were obtained from 14 unidentified corpses of people who had received lethal injuries in car accidents or from gunshot wounds; they had at least three caries- and restoration-free incisors. Half of each sample was used for determining cell viability at three different time intervals. The rest of each sample was used for quantifying LDH expression at the same time intervals. Another 14 pulp samples were obtained from live patients' healthy premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons to assess normal LDH value in pulp tissue. The results showed cell viability decreasing from 89 to 68 to 41% measured 6, 12, and 24 hours postmortem, respectively. LDH expression in healthy pulps was 246 U/mg pulp weight. Expression increased after death from 249 U/mg at 6 hours to 337 U/mg at 12 hours. LDH expression decreased to 131 U/mg 24 hours postmortem. These findings are valuable in understanding dental pulp survival capability under extreme conditions that may have important clinical significance in terms of repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caviedes-Bucheli
- Department of Graduate Studies, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Edwards PC, Mason JM. Gene-enhanced tissue engineering for dental hard tissue regeneration: (2) dentin-pulp and periodontal regeneration. Head Face Med 2006; 2:16. [PMID: 16725030 PMCID: PMC1481630 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential applications for gene-based tissue engineering therapies in the oral and maxillofacial complex include the delivery of growth factors for periodontal regeneration, pulp capping/dentin regeneration, and bone grafting of large osseous defects in dental and craniofacial reconstruction. Part 1 reviewed the principals of gene-enhanced tissue engineering and the techniques of introducing DNA into cells. This manuscript will review recent advances in gene-based therapies for dental hard tissue regeneration, specifically as it pertains to dentin regeneration/pulp capping and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Edwards
- Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James M Mason
- NorthShore- Long Island JewishFeinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Goldberg M, Lacerda-Pinheiro S, Jegat N, Six N, Septier D, Priam F, Bonnefoix M, Tompkins K, Chardin H, Denbesten P, Veis A, Poliard A. The impact of bioactive molecules to stimulate tooth repair and regeneration as part of restorative dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2006; 50:277-98, x. [PMID: 16530063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
After implantation in the exposed pulp, some molecules of the den-tin extracellular matrix induce the formation of a reparative dentinal bridge in the coronal pulp. In some cases, total occlusion of the root canal also is observed. This is the case for bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenetic protein-7, Dentonin (a fragment from matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein), and two small amelogenin gene splice products (A+4 and A-4). Cells implicated in the reparative process are recruited, proliferate, and differentiate into osteoblast-like and odontoblast-like cells. The same results may be obtained by direct implantation of odontoblast progenitor cell into the pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldberg
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Remodelage des Tissus Oro-Faciaux, Groupe Matrices Extracellulaires et Biomineralisations, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université René Descartes, Montrouge, France.
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Graham L, Cooper PR, Cassidy N, Nor JE, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ. The effect of calcium hydroxide on solubilisation of bio-active dentine matrix components. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2865-73. [PMID: 16427123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) has been used extensively to induce dentine regeneration through formation of dentine bridges at sites of pulp exposure after dental tissue injury, however, the biological processes underpinning these events are unclear. We hypothesise that growth factors and other bio-active molecules, sequestered within dentine matrix, may be released by the action of Ca(OH)(2) and signal gene expression in pulp cells, which mediates the changes in cell behaviour observed during regeneration. Powdered sound, human dentine samples were extracted with either 0.02 m Ca(OH)(2), pH 11.7 or 10% EDTA, pH 7.2 ( a control known extractant of bio-active and other ECM molecules from dentine) over a 14-day period. Extracts were compared for non-collagenous protein (NCP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content using dye binding assays and protein compositions were analysed by 1D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and TGF-beta1 ELISA. The effects of extracts on TGF-beta1, Collagen-1alpha and Nestin gene expression were analysed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in the dental MDPC-23, OD-21 and fibroblastic Swiss 3T3 cell lines following 24h of exposure. Ca(OH)(2) solubilised NCPs and GAGs from the dentine ECM, although with a lower yield than the EDTA solution and with different kinetics. 1D-PAGE analysis demonstrated some differences in profiles for proteins solubilised from dentine by Ca(OH)(2) and EDTA. Both solutions released TGF-beta1 from the dentine with higher concentrations present in the EDTA (1.395 +/- 0.036 ng/mg) versus the Ca(OH)(2) (0.364 +/- 0.012 ng/mg) extract. Notably, both extracts induced similar gene expression profiles in all cell lines. These data provide a rational explanation for the action of Ca(OH)(2) during pulp capping in which the cellular activities involved in dentine bridge formation may be mediated through release of growth factors and other bio-active molecules from the dentine by Ca(OH)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Graham
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, St. Chads Queensway B4 6NN, UK
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