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Ancajas CF, Carr AJ, Lou J, Sagar R, Zhou Y, Reynolds TB, Best MD. Harnessing Clickable Acylated Glycerol Probes as Chemical Tools for Tracking Glycerolipid Metabolism. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300417. [PMID: 37085958 PMCID: PMC10498425 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of clickable monoacylglycerol (MAG) analogs as probes for the labeling of glycerolipids during lipid metabolism. Incorporation of azide tags onto the glycerol region was pursued to develop probes that would label glycerolipids, in which the click tag would not be removed through processes including acyl chain and headgroup remodeling. Analysis of clickable MAG probes containing acyl chains of different length resulted in widely variable cell imaging and cytotoxicity profiles. Based on these results, we focused on a probe bearing a short acyl chain (C4 -MAG-N3 ) that was found to infiltrate natural lipid biosynthetic pathways to produce click-tagged versions of both neutral and phospholipid products. Alternatively, strategic blocking of the glycerol sn-3 position in probe C4 -MEG-N3 served to deactivate phospholipid tagging and focus labeling on neutral lipids. This work shows that lipid metabolic labeling profiles can be tuned based on probe structures and provides valuable tools for evaluating alterations to lipid metabolism in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle F Ancajas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Adam J Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Todd B Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1311 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Pre-diagnostic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes identified in the UAE's obese national population using targeted metabolomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17616. [PMID: 33077739 PMCID: PMC7572402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are major global public health issues, and their prevalence in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are among the highest in the world. In 2019, The UAE diabetes national prevalence was 15.4%. In recent years there has been a considerable investigation of predictive biomarkers associated with these conditions. This study analysed fasting (8 h) blood samples from an obese, normoglycemic cohort and an obese, T2DM cohort of UAE nationals, employing clinical chemistry analysis, 1D 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy (FIA-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) techniques. The novel findings reported for the first time in a UAE population revealed significant differences in a number of metabolites in the T2DM cohort. Metabolic fingerprints identified by NMR included BCAAs, trimethylamine N-oxide, β-hydroxybutyrate, trimethyl uric acid, and alanine. A targeted MS approach showed significant differences in lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitine, amino acids and sphingomyelins; Lyso.PC.a.C18.0, PC.ae.C34.2, C3.DC..C4.OH, glutamine and SM.C16.1, being the most significant metabolites. Pearson's correlation studies showed associations between these metabolites and the clinical chemistry parameters across both cohorts. This report identified differences in metabolites in response to T2DM in agreement with many published population studies. This contributes to the global search for a bank of metabolite biomarkers that can predict the advent of T2DM and give insight to its pathogenic mechanisms.
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Liu H, Liu W, He X, Chen X, Yang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Ren J, Xu W, Zhao Y. Characterization of a cell density-dependent sRNA, Qrr, and its roles in the regulation of the quorum sensing and metabolism in Vibrio alginolyticus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1707-1720. [PMID: 31907574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is an important fish pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are important posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression and involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens. Thus far, no cell density-dependent sRNA has been reported in V. alginolyticus. In this study, a cell density-dependent sRNA, Qrr, predicted based on the previous RNA-Seq analysis of V. alginolyticus cultured at low cell density (LCD) and high cell density (HCD), was characterized. The Qrr mutant showed significantly impaired growth and decreased swimming and swarming ability, and increased biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide content, serine protease production, and LD50 values during zebrafish infection in contrast to the wild-type strain. Qrr modulates the master regulators LuxR and AphA in quorum sensing (QS) pathways possibly at the posttranscriptional level by base pairing with the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs). Meanwhile, both LuxR and AphA could directly bind to the promoter of qrr to activate or repress its transcription, respectively. Moreover, our unbiased metabolic approaches revealed that Qrr modulates a large quantity of metabolic and lipidomic pathways, including amino acids, purine and pyrimidine derivatives, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) intermediates, and lipids. Collectively, this work contributes to a systematic understanding of regulatory roles of the cell density-dependent sRNA, Qrr, in V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaoxian He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jinfang Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiamin Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wensheng Xu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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4
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Vitamin E alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:14-25. [PMID: 30300671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) converts phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC), mainly in the liver. Pemt-/- mice are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance, but develop severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when fed a HFD, mostly due to impaired VLDL secretion. Oxidative stress is thought to be an essential factor in the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that has been clinically used to improve NAFLD pathology. Our aim was to determine whether supplementation of the diet with vitamin E could attenuate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and its progression to NASH in Pemt-/- mice. Treatment with vitamin E (0.5 g/kg) for 3 weeks improved VLDL-TG secretion and normalized cholesterol metabolism, but failed to reduce hepatic TG content. Moreover, vitamin E treatment was able to reduce hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. We also observed abnormal ceramide metabolism in Pemt-/- mice fed a HFD, with elevation of ceramides and other sphingolipids and higher expression of mRNAs for acid ceramidase (Asah1) and ceramide kinase (Cerk). Interestingly, vitamin E supplementation restored Asah1 and Cerk mRNA and sphingolipid levels. Together this study shows that vitamin E treatment efficiently prevented the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis in mice lacking PEMT.
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Doroudgar M, Lafleur M. Ceramide-C16 Is a Versatile Modulator of Phosphatidylethanolamine Polymorphism. Biophys J 2017; 112:2357-2366. [PMID: 28591608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide-C16 (CerC16) is a sphingolipid associated with several diseases like diabetes, obesity, Parkinson disease, and certain types of cancers. As a consequence, research efforts are devoted to identify the impact of CerC16 on the behavior of membranes, and to understand how it is involved in these diseases. In this work, we investigated the impacts of CerC16 (up to 20 mol %) on the lipid polymorphism of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), using differential scanning calorimetry, and sequential 2H and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A partial phase diagram is proposed. The results indicate that the presence of CerC16 leads to an upshift of the temperature of the gel-to-liquid crystalline (Lβ - Lα) phase transition, leading to a large Lβ/Lα phase coexistence region where gel-phase domains contain ∼35 mol % CerC16. It also leads to a downshift of the temperature of the lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal (L - HII) phase transition of POPE. The opposite influence on the two-phase transitions of POPE brings a three-phase coexistence line when the two transitions overlap. The resulting HII phase can be ceramide enriched, coexisting with a Lα phase, or ceramide depleted, coexisting with a Lβ phase, depending on the CerC16 proportions. The uncommon capability of CerC16 to modulate the membrane fluidity, its curvature propensity, and the membrane interface properties highlights its potential as a versatile messenger in cell membrane events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudreza Doroudgar
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Presa N, Gomez-Larrauri A, Rivera IG, Ordoñez M, Trueba M, Gomez-Muñoz A. Regulation of cell migration and inflammation by ceramide 1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:402-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Gomez-Muñoz A, Gangoiti P, Rivera IG, Presa N, Gomez-Larrauri A, Ordoñez M. Caged ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) analogs: Novel tools for studying C1P biology. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 194:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Sphingomyelinase D/ceramide 1-phosphate in cell survival and inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1457-66. [PMID: 25938271 PMCID: PMC4448157 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are major constituents of biological membranes of eukaryotic cells. Many studies have shown that sphingomyelin (SM) is a major phospholipid in cell bilayers and is mainly localized to the plasma membrane of cells, where it serves both as a building block for cell architecture and as a precursor of bioactive sphingolipids. In particular, upregulation of (C-type) sphingomyelinases will produce ceramide, which regulates many physiological functions including apoptosis, senescence, or cell differentiation. Interestingly, the venom of some arthropodes including spiders of the genus Loxosceles, or the toxins of some bacteria such as Corynebacterium tuberculosis, or Vibrio damsela possess high levels of D-type sphingomyelinase (SMase D). This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of SM to yield ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), which promotes cell growth and survival and is a potent pro-inflammatory agent in different cell types. In particular, C1P stimulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 leading to arachidonic acid release and the subsequent formation of eicosanoids, actions that are all associated to the promotion of inflammation. In addition, C1P potently stimulates macrophage migration, which has also been associated to inflammatory responses. Interestingly, this action required the interaction of C1P with a specific plasma membrane receptor, whereas accumulation of intracellular C1P failed to stimulate chemotaxis. The C1P receptor is coupled to Gi proteins and activates of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1-2 pathways upon ligation with C1P. The proposed review will address novel aspects on the control of inflammatory responses by C1P and will highlight the molecular mechanisms whereby C1P exerts these actions.
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Axpe E, García-Arribas AB, Mujika JI, Mérida D, Alonso A, Lopez X, García JA, Ugalde JM, Goñi FM, Plazaola F. Ceramide increases free volume voids in DPPC membranes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) that ceramide increases the size of the free volume holes in DPPC lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Axpe
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | | | - J. I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - D. Mérida
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | - A. Alonso
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC
- UPV/EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica
| | - X. Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - J. A. García
- Department of Applied Physics II
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
| | - J. M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Donostia
- Spain
| | - F. M. Goñi
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC
- UPV/EHU)
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica
| | - F. Plazaola
- Department of Electricity and Electronics
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Leioa
- Spain
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Ito E, Waki H, Miseki K, Shimada T, Sato TA, Kakehi K, Suzuki M, Suzuki A. Structural characterization of neutral glycosphingolipids using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with a repeated high-speed polarity and MSn switching system. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:881-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Gomez-Muñoz A, Gangoiti P, Arana L, Ouro A, Rivera IG, Ordoñez M, Trueba M. New insights on the role of ceramide 1-phosphate in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Abstract
In mammalian cells, cermide-1-phosphate (C1P) is produced via the ATP-dependent mechanism of converting ceramide to C1P by the enzyme, ceramide kinase (CERK). CERK was first described as a calcium-stimulated lipid kinase that co-purified with brain synaptic vesicles, and to date, CERK is the only identified mammalian enzyme known to produce C1P in cells. C1P has steadily emerged as a bioactive sphingolipid involved in cell proliferation, macrophage migration, and inflammatory events. The recent generation of the CERK knockout mouse and the development of CERK inhibitors have furthered our current understanding of CERK-derived C1P in regulating biological processes. In this chapter, the history of C1P as well as the biological functions attributed to C1P are reviewed.
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13
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Pérez-Labrada K, Brouard I, Méndez I, Rivera DG. Multicomponent Synthesis of Ugi-Type Ceramide Analogues and Neoglycolipids from Lipidic Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4660-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300462m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karell Pérez-Labrada
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, San Lázaro y L, 10400,
La Habana, Cuba
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico
Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Center for Natural Products Study,
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ignacio Brouard
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico
Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Méndez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico
Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Study,
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
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Chowdhury I, Branch A, Olatinwo M, Thomas K, Matthews R, Thompson WE. Prohibitin (PHB) acts as a potent survival factor against ceramide induced apoptosis in rat granulosa cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:295-303. [PMID: 21763324 PMCID: PMC3169651 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ceramide is a key factor in inducing germ cell apoptosis by translocating from cumulus cells into the adjacent oocyte and lipid rafts through gap junctions. Therefore studies designed to elucidate the mechanistic pathways in ceramide induced granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis and follicular atresia may potentially lead to the development of novel lipid-based therapeutic strategies that will prevent infertility and premature menopause associated with chemo and/or radiation therapy in female cancer patients. Our previous studies have shown that Prohibitin (PHB) is intimately involved in GCs differentiation, atresia, and luteolysis. MAIN METHODS In the present study, we have examined the functional effects of loss-/gain-of-function of PHB using adenoviral technology in delaying apoptosis induced by the physiological ligand ceramide in rat GCs. KEY FINDINGS Under these experimental conditions, exogenous ceramide C-8 (50 μM) augmented the expression of mitochondrial PHB and subsequently cause the physical destruction of GC by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. In further studies, silencing of PHB expression by adenoviral small interfering RNA (shRNA) sensitized GCs to ceramide C8-induce apoptosis. In contrast, adenovirus (Ad) directed overexpression of PHB in GCs resulted in increased PHB content in mitochondria and delayed the onset of ceramide induced apoptosis in the infected GCs. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results provide novel evidences that a critical level of PHB expression within the mitochondria plays a key intra-molecular role in GC fate by mediating the inhibition of apoptosis and may therefore, contribute significantly to ceramide induced follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Cooperative Reproductive Science Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alicia Branch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Cooperative Reproductive Science Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Moshood Olatinwo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Cooperative Reproductive Science Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Summit ObGyn, Natchitoches LA
| | - Kelwyn Thomas
- Cooperative Reproductive Science Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roland Matthews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Winston E. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Cooperative Reproductive Science Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kukkonen JP. A ménage à trois made in heaven: G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids and TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Mysyakina IS, Feofilova EP. The role of lipids in the morphogenetic processes of mycelial fungi. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Kavun Ozbayraktar FB, Ulgen KO. Stoichiometric network reconstruction and analysis of yeast sphingolipid metabolism incorporating different states of hydroxylation. Biosystems 2011; 104:63-75. [PMID: 21215790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first elaborate metabolic model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sphingolipid metabolism was reconstructed in silico. The model considers five different states of sphingolipid hydroxylation, rendering it unique among other models. It is aimed to clarify the significance of hydroxylation on sphingolipids and hence to interpret the preferences of the cell between different metabolic pathway branches under different stress conditions. The newly constructed model was validated by single, double and triple gene deletions with experimentally verified phenotypes. Calcium sensitivity and deletion mutations that may suppress calcium sensitivity were examined by CSG1 and CSG2 related deletions. The model enabled the analysis of complex sphingolipid content of the plasma membrane coupled with diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and ATP consumption in in silico cell. The flux data belonging to these critically important key metabolites are integrated with the fact of phytoceramide induced cell death to propose novel potential drug targets for cancer therapeutics. In conclusion, we propose that IPT1, GDA1, CSG and AUR1 gene deletions may be novel candidates of drug targets for cancer therapy according to the results of flux balance and variability analyses coupled with robustness analysis.
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Gangoiti P, Camacho L, Arana L, Ouro A, Granado MH, Brizuela L, Casas J, Fabriás G, Abad JL, Delgado A, Gómez-Muñoz A. Control of metabolism and signaling of simple bioactive sphingolipids: Implications in disease. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:316-34. [PMID: 20193711 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple bioactive sphingolipids include ceramide, sphingosine and their phosphorylated forms sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate. These molecules are crucial regulators of cell functions. In particular, they play important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and inflammation. Decoding the mechanisms by which these cellular functions are regulated requires detailed understanding of the signaling pathways that are implicated in these processes. Most importantly, the development of inhibitors of the enzymes involved in their metabolism may be crucial for establishing new therapeutic strategies for treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gangoiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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19
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Alterations in the content and physiological role of sphingomyelin in plasma membranes of cells cultured in three-dimensional matrix. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:215-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Arana L, Gangoiti P, Ouro A, Trueba M, Gómez-Muñoz A. Ceramide and ceramide 1-phosphate in health and disease. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:15. [PMID: 20137073 PMCID: PMC2828451 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of cell membranes, and many of them regulate vital cell functions. In particular, ceramide plays crucial roles in cell signaling processes. Two major actions of ceramides are the promotion of cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis. Phosphorylation of ceramide produces ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), which has opposite effects to ceramide. C1P is mitogenic and has prosurvival properties. In addition, C1P is an important mediator of inflammatory responses, an action that takes place through stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin formation. All of the former actions are thought to be mediated by intracellularly generated C1P. However, the recent observation that C1P stimulates macrophage chemotaxis implicates specific plasma membrane receptors that are coupled to Gi proteins. Hence, it can be concluded that C1P has dual actions in cells, as it can act as an intracellular second messenger to promote cell survival, or as an extracellular receptor agonist to stimulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Arana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Levi M, Meijler MM, Gómez-Muñoz A, Zor T. Distinct receptor-mediated activities in macrophages for natural ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and for phospho-ceramide analogue-1 (PCERA-1). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 314:248-55. [PMID: 19467294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is known as a second messenger regulating a multitude of processes including cell growth, apoptosis and inflammation. Exciting recent findings now suggest that C1P can stimulate macrophages migration in an extra-cellular manner via a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Interestingly, a synthetic C1P analog, named phospho-ceramide analogue-1 (PCERA-1), was recently described as a potent in-vivo anti-inflammatory agent, and was suggested to act on macrophages in an extra-cellular manner via a GPCR. Here we summarize and compare the receptor-mediated as well as receptor-independent activities of natural C1P and its synthetic analog. We also provide experimental data in support of distinct C1P and PCERA-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Levi
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Gómez-Muñoz A, Gangoiti P, Granado MH, Arana L, Ouro A. Ceramide-1-Phosphate in Cell Survival and Inflammatory Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 688:118-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6741-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Involvement of nitric oxide in the promotion of cell survival by ceramide 1-phosphate. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2263-9. [PMID: 18510950 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play vital roles in inflammatory responses, and their number at sites of inflammation is strictly regulated by cell death and division. Here, we demonstrate that production of nitric oxide (NO) is a major mechanism whereby ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) blocks apoptosis in macrophages. However, NO failed to stimulate macrophage proliferation. The prosurvival effect of C1P was blocked by inhibitors of inducible NO synthase. The antiapoptotic effect of C1P was also blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors. Moreover, NO reversed the inhibitory effect of C1P on acid sphingomyelinase, but the prosurvival effect of C1P was independent of this action.
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Zhang X, Li B, Zhang Y, Liu J. Ceramide induces release of mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins in caspase-dependent and -independent manner in HT-29 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:66-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Hatch GM, Gu Y, Xu FY, Cizeau J, Neumann S, Park JS, Loewen S, Mowat MRA. StARD13(Dlc-2) RhoGap mediates ceramide activation of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase and drug response in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 19:1083-92. [PMID: 18162584 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-08-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genes involved in etoposide drug response, we used promoter trap mutagenesis to isolate an etoposide-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. This resistant CHO-K1 line, named E91, showed cross-resistance to C(2)-ceramide (N-acetylsphingosine). The promoter trap retrovirus was found integrated into intron 1-2 of the Dlc-2 (Stard13) RhoGap gene. The E91 cells showed elevated guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RhoA levels compared with the parental line, suggesting that retrovirus integration had inactivated one of the Dlc-2 RhoGap alleles. To test whether E91 cells were impaired in an intracellular ceramide-regulated process not directly related to cell killing, we measured mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) synthase and phospholipase A2 enzyme activities in cells after C(2)-ceramide addition. Parental cells showed elevated enzyme activities after treatment with C(2)-ceramide or tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not the E91 cells. These results suggested that intracellular ceramide signaling was defective in E91 cells due to increased levels of active GTP-bound RhoA. RNA knockdown experiments of the Dlc2 RhoGap resulted in increased GTP-bound RhoA and reduced induction of PGP synthase after C(2)-ceramide addition compared with controls. Expression of a dominant-negative RhoA in the E91 cell line allowed induction of PGP synthase by ceramide. The RNA interference knockdown cell line also showed increased etoposide resistance. This study is the first report for the regulation of a phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme through RhoGap expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Hatch
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9
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Gangoiti P, Granado MH, Wang SW, Kong JY, Steinbrecher UP, Gómez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate stimulates macrophage proliferation through activation of the PI3-kinase/PKB, JNK and ERK1/2 pathways. Cell Signal 2007; 20:726-36. [PMID: 18234473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) was first shown to be mitogenic for fibroblasts, but the mechanisms whereby it stimulated cell proliferation have remained largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that C1P stimulates DNA synthesis and cell division in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. C1P caused rapid phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). Selective inhibition of PI3-K blocked both DNA synthesis and cell growth. C1P induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, which is a major target of PKB, and this effect was also abolished by inhibition of PI3-K. In addition, C1P upregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, two major targets of GSK-3beta, which are important regulators of cell proliferation. C1P stimulated the activity of NF-kappaB, and inhibitors of this transcription factor completely blocked macrophage proliferation. Lastly, C1P induced phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK also blocked C1P-induced macrophage proliferation. It can be concluded that C1P stimulates macrophage proliferation through activation of the PI3-K/PKB, ERK and JNK pathways, and that GSK-3beta, c-Myc, cyclin D1, and NF-kappaB are important downstream effectors in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gangoiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Salvador AM, Alonso-Damián A, Choubert G, Milicua JCG. Effect of soybean phospholipids on canthaxanthin lipoproteins transport, digestibility, and deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9202-7. [PMID: 17850089 DOI: 10.1021/jf070145q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of dietary soybean phospholipids on canthaxanthin transport by serum lipoproteins and canthaxanthin muscle deposition in trout. Three groups of 12 immature trout in triplicate with a mean body weight of 130 g were fed with three experimental diets containing (1) canthaxanthin plus lecithin plus fish oil, (2) canthaxanthin plus lecithin, and (3) canthaxanthin alone, for 12 days. The two major lipoprotein classes in rainbow trout are high-density lipoproteins, which transport principally carotenoids present in the serum, and low-density lipoproteins, which are responsible for the transport of cholesterol, both independently of the administered diet. In addition, very low density lipoproteins are responsible for triglyceride transport in serum. Nevertheless, the amount of canthaxanthin in the serum increased when carotenoid was associated with phospholipids plus fish oil. When canthaxanthin is transported by lecithin plus fish oil, the amount of phospholipids, cantaxanthin, and cholesterol deposited in muscle increased but not significantly. The highest apparent canthaxanthin digestibility coefficient was obtained when canthaxanthin was carried by lecithin plus fish oil. The administration of canthaxanthin carried by phospholipids improved its accumulation in the muscle of rainbow trout. This accumulation could be enhanced if the time of administration of canthaxanthin is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Salvador
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Vigh L, Nakamoto H, Landry J, Gomez-Munoz A, Harwood JL, Horvath I. Membrane regulation of the stress response from prokaryotic models to mammalian cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1113:40-51. [PMID: 17656573 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1391.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
"Membrane regulation" of stress responses in various systems is widely studied. In poikilotherms, membrane rigidification could be the first reaction to cold perception: reducing membrane fluidity of membranes at physiological temperatures is coupled with enhanced cold inducibility of a number of genes, including desaturases (see J.L. Harwood's article in this Proceedings volume). A similar role of changes in membrane physical state in heat (oxidative stress, etc.) sensing- and signaling gained support recently from prokaryotes to mammalian cells. Stress-induced remodeling of membrane lipids could influence generation, transduction, and deactivation of stress signals, either through global effects on the fluidity of the membrane matrix, or by specific interactions of boundary (or raft) lipids with receptor proteins, lipases, ion channels, etc. Our data point to membranes not only as targets of stress, but also as sensors in activating a stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biology Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,Temesvari krt 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Farooqui AA, Horrocks LA, Farooqui T. Interactions between neural membrane glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid mediators: A recipe for neural cell survival or suicide. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1834-50. [PMID: 17393491 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neural membranes contain phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are precursors for lipid mediators involved in signal transduction processes. Degradation of glycerophospholipids by phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) generates arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). Arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids and DHA is metabolized to docosanoids. The catabolism of glycosphingolipids generates ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. These metabolites modulate PLA(2) activity. Arachidonic acid, a product derived from glycerophospholipid catabolism by PLA(2), modulates sphingomyelinase (SMase), the enzyme that generates ceramide and phosphocholine. Furthermore, sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates cyclooxygenase, an enzyme responsible for eicosanoid production in brain. This suggests that an interplay and cross talk occurs between lipid mediators of glycerophospholipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in brain tissue. This interplay between metabolites of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism may play an important role in initiation and maintenance of oxidative stress associated with neurologic disorders as well as in neural cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that PLA(2) and SMase inhibitors can be used as neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic agents. Development of novel inhibitors of PLA(2) and SMase may be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with neurologic disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and head and spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq A Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Dyatlovitskaya EV. The role of lysosphingolipids in the regulation of biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2007; 72:479-84. [PMID: 17573701 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes data on the role of lysosphingolipids (glucosyl- and galactosylsphingosines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine-1-phosphocholine) in the regulation of various biological processes in normal and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Dyatlovitskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.
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Garcia-Marcos M, Pochet S, Marino A, Dehaye JP. P2X7 and phospholipid signalling: The search of the “missing link” in epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2006; 18:2098-104. [PMID: 16815675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2X(7) is widely expressed in epithelial cells. This receptor shares in common with the other P2X receptors the ability to form a non-selective cation channel. On the other hand, the COOH terminus of P2X(7) seems to allow this receptor to couple to a spectrum of downstream effectors responsible for the regulation of cell death and pore formation among other functions. However, the coupling of P2X(7) to these downstream effectors, as well as the identity of possible adapters directly interacting with the receptor, remains poorly understood. Here we review the ability of P2X(7) to activate phospholipid signalling pathways in epithelial cells and propose this step as a possible link between the receptor and other downstream effectors. The P2X(7) ability to control the cellular levels of several lipid messengers (PA, AA, DAG, ceramide, etc.) through the modulation of phospholipases (C, A(2), D) and neutral sphingomyelinase is described. These pathways are sometimes regulated independently of the channel function of the receptor. Recent data concerning P2X(7) localization in lipid rafts is also discussed in relation to the coupling to these pathways and dissociation from channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Reinehr R, Becker S, Braun J, Eberle A, Grether-Beck S, Haüssinger D. Endosomal Acidification and Activation of NADPH Oxidase Isoforms Are Upstream Events in Hyperosmolarity-induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:23150-66. [PMID: 16772302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601451200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic exposure of rat hepatocytes induced a rapid oxidative-stress(ROS) response as an upstream signal for proapoptotic CD95 activation. This study shows that hyperosmotic ROS formation involves a rapid ceramide- and protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta)-dependent serine phosphorylation of p47phox and subsequent activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms. Hyperosmotic p47phox phosphorylation and ROS formation were sensitive to inhibition of sphingomyelinases and were strongly blunted after knockdown of acidic sphingomyelinase (ASM) or of p47phox protein. Hyperosmolarity induced a rapid bafilomycin- and 4,4 '-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2 '-disulfonic acid disodium salt (DIDS)-sensitive acidification of a vesicular compartment, which was accessible to endocytosed fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and colocalized with ASM, PKCzeta, and the NADPH oxidase isoform Nox 2 (gp91phox). Bafilomycin and DIDS prevented the hyperosmolarity-induced increase in ceramide formation, p47phox phosphorylation, and ROS formation. As shown recently (Reinehr, R., Becker, S., Höngen, A., and Häussinger, D. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 23977-23987), hyperosmolarity induced a Yes-dependent activation of JNK and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), followed by EGFR-CD95 association, EGFR-catalyzed CD95-tyrosine phosphorylation, and translocation of the EGFR-CD95 complex to the plasma membrane, where formation of the deathinducing signaling complex occurs. These proapoptotic responses were not only sensitive to inhibitors of sphingomyelinase, PKCzeta, or NADPH oxidases but also to ASM knockdown, bafilomycin, and DIDS, i.e. maneuvers largely preventing hyperosmolarity-induced endosomal acidification and/or ceramide formation. In hepatocytes from p47phox knock-out mice, hyperosmolarity failed to activate the CD95 system. The data suggest that hyperosmolarity induces endosomal acidification as an important upstream event for CD95 activation through stimulation of ASM-dependent ceramide formation and activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Reinehr
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University and Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Gómez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate/ceramide, a switch between life and death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:2049-56. [PMID: 16808893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide is a well-characterized sphingolipid metabolite and second messenger that participates in numerous biological processes. In addition to serving as a precursor to complex sphingolipids, ceramide is a potent signaling molecule capable of regulating vital cellular functions. Perhaps its major role in signal transduction is to induce cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis. In contrast, little is known about the metabolic or signaling pathways that are regulated by the phosphorylated form of ceramide. It was first demonstrated that ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) had mitogenic properties, and more recently it has been described as potent inhibitor of apoptosis and inducer of cell survival. C1P and ceramide are antagonistic molecules that can be interconverted in cells by kinase and phosphatase activities. An appropriate balance between the levels of these two metabolites seems to be crucial for cell and tissue homeostasis. Switching this balance towards accumulation of one or the other may result in metabolic dysfunction, or disease. Therefore, the activity of the enzymes that are involved in C1P and ceramide metabolism must be efficiently coordinated to ensure normal cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain.
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Bleijerveld OB, Houweling M, Thomas MJ, Cui Z. Metabolipidomics: Profiling metabolism of glycerophospholipid species by stable isotopic precursors and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2006; 352:1-14. [PMID: 16564484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onno B Bleijerveld
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Brizuela L, Rábano M, Peña A, Gangoiti P, Macarulla JM, Trueba M, Gómez-Muñoz A. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a novel stimulator of aldosterone secretion. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1238-49. [PMID: 16554657 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500510-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid capable of regulating critical physiological and pathological functions. Here, we report for the first time that S1P stimulates aldosterone secretion in cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. Regulation of aldosterone secretion is important because this hormone controls electrolyte and fluid balance and is implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis. S1P-stimulated aldosterone secretion was dependent upon the protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms alpha and delta and extracellular Ca2+, and it was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX). S1P activated phospholipase D (PLD) through a PTX-sensitive mechanism, also involving PKC alpha and delta and extracellular Ca2+. Primary alcohols, which attenuate the formation of phosphatidic acid (the product of PLD), and cell-permeable ceramides, which inhibit PLD activity, blocked S1P-stimulated aldosterone secretion. Furthermore, propranolol, chlorpromazine, and sphingosine, which are potent inhibitors of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) (the enzyme that produces diacylglycerol from phosphatidate), also blocked aldosterone secretion. These data suggest that the PLD/PAP pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of aldosterone secretion by S1P and that Gi protein-coupled receptors, extracellular Ca2+, and the PKC isoforms alpha and delta are all important components in the cascade of events controlling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Brizuela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Dyatlovitskaya EV, Kandyba AG. Role of biologically active sphingolipids in tumor growth. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:10-7. [PMID: 16457613 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the literature on the effects of biologically active sphingolipids (sphingosine, ceramide, sphingomyelin, glucosylceramide, gangliosides GM1, GM2, GM3, GD3, etc.) on proliferation, apoptosis, metastases, and invasiveness of tumor cells and the putative role of sphingolipids in chemotherapy of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Dyatlovitskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Wijesinghe DS, Massiello A, Subramanian P, Szulc Z, Bielawska A, Chalfant CE. Substrate specificity of human ceramide kinase. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2706-16. [PMID: 16170208 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500313-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have established ceramide kinase (CERK) as a critical mediator of eicosanoid synthesis. To date, CERK has not been well characterized in vitro. In this study, we investigated the substrate specificity of CERK using baculovirus-expressed human CERK (6 x His) and a newly designed assay based on mixed micelles of Triton X-100. The results indicate that the ability of CERK to recognize ceramide as a substrate is stereospecific. A minimum of a 12 carbon acyl chain was required for normal CERK activity, and the 4-5 trans double bond was important for substrate recognition. A significant discrimination by CERK was not observed between ceramides with long saturated and long unsaturated fatty acyl chains. Methylation of the primary hydroxyl group resulted in a loss of activity, confirming that CERK produces ceramide-1-phosphate versus ceramide-3-phosphate. In addition, methylation of the secondary hydroxyl group drastically decreased the phosphorylation by CERK. These results also indicated that the free hydrogen of the secondary amide group is critical for substrate recognition. Lastly, the sphingoid chain was also required for substrate recognition by CERK. Together, these results indicate a very high specificity for substrate recognition by CERK, explaining the use of ceramide and not sphingosine or diacylglycerol as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanjan S Wijesinghe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Di Marzio L, Di Leo A, Cinque B, Fanini D, Agnifili A, Berloco P, Linsalata M, Lorusso D, Barone M, De Simone C, Cifone MG. Detection of alkaline sphingomyelinase activity in human stool: proposed role as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:856-62. [PMID: 15824156 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase, by exerting a major role in dietary sphingomyelin digestion, is responsible for the generation of messengers able to trigger the rapid turnover and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Markedly reduced mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity has been associated with human colorectal neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze the alkaline sphingomyelinase activity in feces from healthy subjects and colorectal adenocarcinoma patients and to correlate it with the enzyme activity in intestinal tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enzyme activity was measured both in the intestinal samples from 12 healthy controls and 51 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (tumoral and paratumoral tissue) and in the fecal samples of 34 healthy subjects and 29 patients with adenocarcinoma. The relation between sphingomyelinase activity and Dukes' stage, cell differentiation degree, age, and gender was also analyzed. RESULTS Alkaline sphingomyelinase was significantly decreased (P < 0.001; mean reduction >90%) in tumoral intestinal mucosa of patients compared with controls independently of Dukes' stage and tumor differentiation grade. Interestingly, the enzyme activity in histologically normal paratumoral tissues was statistically lower than control samples (P < 0.001). As occurs in neoplastic tissues, a relevant mean reduction (P < 0.0001; almost 90%) of alkaline sphingomyelinase was revealed in stool samples from tumor patients when compared with controls. CONCLUSION These findings may have implications for cancer biology and perhaps also for the design of clinical test, thus suggesting that the fecal sphingomyelinase activity could really reflect the human intestinal mucosa enzyme level and could represent a new marker for human colorectal adenocarcinoma, mainly taking into account its early appearance in intestinal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Drug Science, University of L'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article presents an overview of the recent progress in understanding metabolic and functional interrelationships of biologically active sphingolipids related to the sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway in relation to the regulation of apoptosis in macrophages. RECENT FINDINGS Ceramide generation is an essential, early step in apoptosis in numerous systems. There are several mechanisms for ceramide generation, including activation of plasma membrane, lysosomal, nuclear, and mitochondrial sphingomyelinases, and induction of de-novo synthesis of ceramide. Some of the proapoptotic actions of ceramide are to facilitate assembly of death receptor complexes in the plasma membrane, to prevent the activation of protein kinase B/Akt, and to promote the activation of caspase 3. Failure of macrophages in developing atherosclerotic plaques to undergo apoptosis is a possible contributor to plaque expansion. At low concentrations, oxidized LDL has been shown to prevent apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal in cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, in part by inhibiting sphingomyelinase and preventing generation of ceramide. At high concentrations, however, oxidized LDL can induce apoptosis or necrosis of macrophages. SUMMARY Sphingolipid signal transduction pathways play an important role in the regulation of growth and survival pathways in macrophages. These are directly relevant to the pathogenesis of a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs P Steinbrecher
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Dobrzyń A, Knapp M, Górski J. Effect of acute exercise and training on metabolism of ceramide in the heart muscle of the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 181:313-9. [PMID: 15196092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The sphingomyelin signalling pathway operates in the heart muscle. There are no data on the effect of exercise on the functioning of this pathway in the myocardium and it was the aim of the present study to examine this question. METHODS The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats, 300-320 g of body weight. They were divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) run 3 h on a treadmill moving with a speed of 1200 m h(-1) and set at +10 degrees incline, and (3) trained on a treadmill for 6 weeks. The rats were anaesthetized and samples of the left ventricle were taken. They were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Thereafter, lipids were extracted and ceramide and sphingomyelin were isolated by means of thin layer chromatography. Their fatty acids were identified and quantified by means of gas-liquid chromatography. In separate heart samples the activity of neutral, Mg(2+)-dependent sphingomyelinase and acid sphingomyelinase was determined using labelled sphingomyelin as a substrate. RESULTS Thirteen different ceramides and sphingomyelins were identified based on their fatty acid residue. Exercise markedly reduced the total content of ceramide-fatty acids and had no effect on the total content of sphingomyelin-fatty acids. Training did not affect the total content either of ceramide-, or sphingomyelin-fatty acids. The activity of both neutral Mg(2+)-sphingomyelinase and acid sphingomyelinase was reduced after exercise. Training did not affect the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase and reduced the activity of acid sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION It is concluded that acute, prolonged exercise, but not training, markedly affects the operation of the sphingomyelin-signalling pathway in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dobrzyń
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Helge JW, Dobrzyn A, Saltin B, Gorski J. Exercise and training effects on ceramide metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2004; 89:119-27. [PMID: 15109217 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In rat skeletal muscle prolonged exercise affects the content and composition of ceramides, but in human skeletal muscle no data are available on this compound. Our aim was to examine the content of ceramide- and sphingomyelin fatty acids and neutral, Mg(2+)-dependent sphingomyelinase activity in skeletal muscle in untrained and trained subjects before and after prolonged exercise. Healthy male subjects were recruited into an untrained (n = 8, VO2,max 3.8 +/- 0.2 1 min1) and a trained (n = 8, Vo2,max 5.1 +/- 0.1 1 min2) group. Before and after a 3-h exercise bout (58 +/- 1% VO2,max) a muscle biopsy was excised from the vastus lateralis. Ceramide and sphingomyelin were isolated using thin-layer chromatography. The content of individual ceramide fatty acids and sphingomyelin fatty acids was measured by means of gas-liquid chromatography. The activity of neutral, Mg(2+)-dependent sphingomyelinase was measured using N-[14CH3]-sphingomyelin as a substrate. Prior to exercise, the muscle total ceramide fatty acid content in both groups was similar (201 +/- 18 and 197 +/- 9 nmol g(-1) in the untrained and trained group, respectively) and after exercise a 25% increase in the content was observed in each group. At rest, the muscle total sphingomyelin fatty acid content was higher in untrained than in trained subjects (456 +/- 10, 407 +/- 7 nmol g(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). After exercise a 20% increase (P < 0.05) in total sphingomyelin was observed only in the trained subjects. The muscle neutral, Mg(2+)-dependent sphingomyelinase activity was similar in the two groups at rest and a similar reduction was observed after exercise in both groups (untrained from 2.19 +/- 0.08 to 1.78 +/- 0.08 and trained from 2.31 +/- 0.12 to 1.80 +/- 0.09 nmol (mg protein) (-1) h(-1); P < 0.05 in each case). In conclusion, we have reported, for the first time, the values for ceramide fatty acid content and neutral, Mg2(+)-dependent sphingomyelinase activity in human skeletal muscle. The results indicate that acute prolonged exercise affects ceramide metabolism in human skeletal muscle both in untrained and in trained subjects and this may influence muscle cell adaptation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Wulff Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2102 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Kitatani K, Akiba S, Sato T. Ceramide-induced enhancement of secretory phospholipase A2 expression via generation of reactive oxygen species in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated mesangial cells. Cell Signal 2004; 16:967-74. [PMID: 15157676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since prostanoids such as prostaglandin E2 play a pivotal role in modulating renal function, we investigated the involvement of ceramide in expression of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated mesangial cells. TNF-alpha stimulation increased ceramide generation in parallel with a decrease in sphingomyelin. Pretreatment with exogenous sphingomyelinase (SMase) dose-dependently enhanced TNF-alpha-stimulated increases in COX-2 protein and sPLA) activity. SMase also augmented TNF-alpha-mediated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, completely inhibited the SMase-induced increase in sPLA2 activity, whereas NAC inhibited partially the activity stimulated with TNF-alpha alone. Under the conditions, NAC completely inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by SMase followed by TNF-alpha. These results suggest that ceramide elicits up-regulation of NF-kappaB through ROS production, which, in turn, leads to stimulation of COX-2 and sPLA2 expression. Therefore, ceramide may be implicated in the pathogenesis of renal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (CER-1-P) is emerging as a novel bioactive sphingolipid. It is formed by phosphorylation of ceramide catalyzed by ceramide kinase, and has been implicated in different cellular processes. Cer-1-P is mitogenic for fibroblasts, blocks apoptosis in macrophages, controls phagocytosis in neutrophils, and mediates inflammatory responses. Only recently have we started to uncover the signaling pathways that cytosolic phospholipase A2 and acid sphingomyelinase are direct intracellular targets of Cer-1-P, and that it may also induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 and calcium mobilization. These actions of Cer-1-P seem to be cell type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
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Abstract
The lipid matrix of biological membranes is composed of a complex mixture of polar lipids. It has been estimated that more than 600 distinct molecular species of lipid are constituents of biological membranes. This rather remarkable feature raises the questions of why such complexity is required when barrier properties and many protein functions can be reconstituted with relatively simple lipid systems. Secondly, the molecular species composition of morphologically distinct membranes appears to be preserved within fairly narrow limits. The biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for this homeostasis are not fully understood. This review examines the origin of membrane lipid complexity, the methods that are currently employed to measure and detect lipid molecular species and the biochemical reactions associated with the turnover of membrane lipids in resting and stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Wolf
- Biochemistry Department, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, INSERM U 538, Faculté de Médecine Saint Antoine, Paris 75012, France
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Lieser B, Liebisch G, Drobnik W, Schmitz G. Quantification of sphingosine and sphinganine from crude lipid extracts by HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:2209-16. [PMID: 12897185 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d300025-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine (SPH) comprises the backbone of sphingolipids and is known as a second messenger involved in the modulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The currently available methods for the quantification of SPH are, in part, complicated, time-consuming, insensitive, or unselective. Therefore, a fast and convenient methodology for the quantification of SPH and the biosynthetic intermediate sphinganine (SPA) was developed. The method is based on an HPLC separation coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Quantitation is achieved by the use of a constant concentration of a non-naturally occurring internal standard, 17-carbon chain SPH (C17-SPH), together with a calibration curve established by spiking different concentrations of naturally occurring sphingoid bases. SPH and SPA coeluted with C17-SPH, which allows an accurate correction of the analyte response. Interference of the SPH+2 isotope with SPA quantification was corrected by an experimentally determined factor. The limits of detection were 9 fmol for SPH and 21 fmol for SPA. The overall coefficients of variation were 8% and 13% for SPH and SPA, respectively. The developed HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry methodology, with an analysis time of 3.5 min, simple sample preparation, and automated data analysis, allows high-throughput quantification of sphingoid bases from crude lipid extracts and is a valuable tool for studies of cellular sphingolipid metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lieser
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Gómez-Muñoz A, Kong JY, Salh B, Steinbrecher UP. Ceramide-1-phosphate blocks apoptosis through inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase in macrophages. J Lipid Res 2003; 45:99-105. [PMID: 14523050 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300158-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported previously that ceramide-1-phosphate (Cer-1-P) is mitogenic for fibroblasts (Gómez-Muñoz, A., P. A. Duffy, A. Martin, L. O'Brien, H-S. Byun, R. Bittman, and D. N. Brindley. 1995. Mol. Pharmacol. 47: 883-889; Gómez-Muñoz, A., L. M. Frago, L. Alvarez, and I. Varela-Nieto. 1997. Biochem. J. 325: 435-440). We now show that Cer-1-P prevents cell death in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) after withdrawal of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Removal of M-CSF is known to induce apoptosis in these cells. Cer-1-P blocked activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway and prevented DNA fragmentation, indicating that the enhancement of cell survival was due to inhibition of apoptosis. M-CSF deprivation resulted in activation of acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), increased ceramide levels, and a decrease in intracellular Cer-1-P. Exogenously added Cer-1-P inhibited A-SMase in intact BMDMs at concentrations that also prevented apoptosis. Cer-1-P also inhibited A-SMase in cell homogenates, suggesting a possible direct physical interaction of Cer-1-P with the enzyme. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that Cer-1-P blocks apoptosis in BMDMs through inhibition of A-SMase, thereby reducing ceramide generation. This adds a new dimension to the understanding of the metabolic interrelationship of ceramides and Cer-1-P, and shows how altering the balance of intracellular levels of these mediators can affect cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Brambilla R, Neary JT, Fumagalli M, Cottini L, Cattabeni F, Schiller PR, Abbracchio MP. P2Y receptors in brain astroglial cells: Identification of a gliotic P2Y receptor coupled to activation of a calcium-independent ras/ERK1/2 pathway. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fillet M, Bentires-Alj M, Deregowski V, Greimers R, Gielen J, Piette J, Bours V, Merville MP. Mechanisms involved in exogenous C2- and C6-ceramide-induced cancer cell toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1633-42. [PMID: 12754099 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are important intracellular second messengers that play a role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and programmed cell death. To determine whether ceramides can mediate the apoptosis of HCT116 and OVCAR-3 cancer cells, exogenous C2-, C6-, and C16-ceramides were used to mimic the endogenous lipid increase that follows a large variety of stresses. C2- and C6-ceramides (cell-permeable ceramide analogs), but not C16-ceramide, induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding, caspase-3 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation, and mitochondrial cytochrome c release, indicating that apoptosis occurs through the caspase cascade and the mitochondrial pathway. No difference in survival was observed between control cells and cells expressing mutated IkappaBalpha and treated with the permeable ceramides. This suggests that, at least in these cell lines, stable NF-kappaB inhibition did not modify the ceramide-induced cytotoxicity pathway. C6-ceramide also induced a double block in G1 and G2, thus emptying the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Human Genetics, CHU B35, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Zhu XF, Liu ZC, Xie BF, Feng GK, Zeng YX. Ceramide induces cell cycle arrest and upregulates p27kip in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2003; 193:149-54. [PMID: 12706871 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide mediates differentiation, growth arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine biosynthesis and secretion, and a variety of other cellular functions. However, little is known regarding ceramide signaling linked to the cell cycle. In the present study, the effect of ceramide on cell cycle in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 was investigated. The results showed that ceramide inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in CNE2 cells. Exposure of CNE2 cells to ceramide resulted in a dose-dependent up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and a decrease of phospho-Akt without reduced expression of total AKT protein. The activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and the protein expression of PTEN were unaffected following ceramide treatment. We concluded that ceramide induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in CNE2 cells and p27 up-regulation was involved in this process. In addition, up-regulation of p27 resulting from ceramide treatment may be due to the interruption of Akt, but decrease of phospho-Akt is independent of PI3K function or PTEN protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 DongFeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Costello MF, Otto CM, Rubin LJ. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the sphingosine pathway in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1435-6935.2003.t01-1-00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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