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Acha-Sagredo A, Wilson CM, Garcia Bediaga N, Kalirai H, Davies MPA, Coupland SE, Field JK, Liloglou T. Novel Transcriptional and DNA Methylation Abnormalities of SORT1 Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2154. [PMID: 38893272 PMCID: PMC11171784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is an important regulator with potential tumour-suppressor function by limiting EGFR signalling. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive expression analysis of sortilin transcript variants and the DNA methylation status of their corresponding promoters in human non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). RNA/DNA was extracted from 81 NSCLC samples and paired normal tissue. mRNA expression was measured by qPCR and DNA methylation determined by pyrosequencing. BigDye-terminator sequencing was used to confirm exon-8 alternative splicing. Results demonstrated that both SORT1A and SORT1B variants were downregulated in lung tumours. The SORT1A/SORT1B expression ratio was higher in tumours compared to normal tissue. SORT1B promoter hypermethylation was detected in lung tumours compared to normal lung (median difference 14%, Mann-Whitney test p = 10-6). Interestingly, SORT1B is hypermethylated in white blood cells, but a small and very consistent drop in methylation (6%, p = 10-15) was observed in the lung cancer cases compared to control subjects. We demonstrate that the SORT1B exon-8 splice variation, reported in sequence databases, is also a feature of SORT1A. The significantly altered quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sortilin mRNA in NSCLC indicate a significant involvement in tumour pathogenesis and may have significant impact for its utility as a predictive marker in lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Acha-Sagredo
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Naiara Garcia Bediaga
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (H.K.); (S.E.C.)
| | - Michael P. A. Davies
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (H.K.); (S.E.C.)
| | - John K. Field
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (M.P.A.D.); (J.K.F.)
- Medical School, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
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2
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Overby M, Serrano-Rodriguez A, Dadras S, Christiansen AK, Ozcelik G, Lichtenthaler SF, Weick JP, Müller HK. Neuron-specific gene NSG1 binds to and positively regulates sortilin ectodomain shedding via a metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105446. [PMID: 37949230 PMCID: PMC10704435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant regulation of sortilin ectodomain shedding can contribute to amyloid-β pathology and frontotemporal dementia, although the mechanism by which this occurs has not been elucidated. Here, we probed for novel binding partners of sortilin using multiple and complementary approaches and identified two proteins of the neuron-specific gene (NSG) family, NSG1 and NSG2, that physically interact and colocalize with sortilin. We show both NSG1 and NSG2 induce subcellular redistribution of sortilin to NSG1- and NSG2-enriched compartments. However, using cell surface biotinylation, we found only NSG1 reduced sortilin cell surface expression, which caused significant reductions in uptake of progranulin, a molecular determinant for frontotemporal dementia. In contrast, we demonstrate NSG2 has no effect on sortilin cell surface abundance or progranulin uptake, suggesting specificity for NSG1 in the regulation of sortilin cell surface expression. Using metalloproteinase inhibitors and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 KO cells, we further show that NSG1-dependent reduction of cell surface sortilin occurred via proteolytic processing by A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 with a concomitant increase in shedding of sortilin ectodomain to the extracellular space. This represents a novel regulatory mechanism for sortilin ectodomain shedding that is regulated in a neuron-specific manner. Furthermore, this finding has implications for the development of strategies for brain-specific regulation of sortilin and possibly sortilin-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Overby
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Antonio Serrano-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Somayeh Dadras
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ann Kathrine Christiansen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gözde Ozcelik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der lsar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der lsar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jason Porter Weick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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4
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Ertaş S, Ünver G, Gonca Okumuş Z, Yılmaz S, Dağ İ, Turhan U. Maternal serum Sortilin-1 level as a potential biomarker for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:935-938. [PMID: 36068972 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2119957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease related to pregnancy in women. Sortilin-1 is a sorting receptor belonging to the vacuolar protein sorting 10 (Vps10p) domain family, and recent studies have shown that Sortilin-1 has a distinct role in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate maternal serum Sortilin-1 level as a potential biomarker in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis.Materials and methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. We enrolled 80 pregnant women, 49 with the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and 31 healthy controls. Then, we measured maternal serum Sortilin-1 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and compared them between groups.Results: The mean Sortilin-1 level in the ICP group was higher than control group (3.3 ± 1.7 ng/mL vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 ng/mL, respectively, p < .001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis based on maternal serum Sortilin-1 levels to predict the presence of ICP was 85.3% controls [area under the curve (AUC), 0.853; 95% CI, 0.738-0.938, p < .001]. The optimal cutoff value of Sortilin-1 was 2.24 ng/mL (71.4% sensitivity and 74.2% specificity) to detect intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum Sortilin-1 levels are associated with ICP and can be used as a disease biomarker. Sortilin-1 levels can be combined with total bile acids, transaminases, and blood coagulation profile in the follow-up of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Ertaş
- VKV American Hospital, Women's Health Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Ünver
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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Mitok KA, Keller MP, Attie AD. Sorting through the extensive and confusing roles of sortilin in metabolic disease. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100243. [PMID: 35724703 PMCID: PMC9356209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is a post-Golgi trafficking receptor homologous to the yeast vacuolar protein sorting receptor 10 (VPS10). The VPS10 motif on sortilin is a 10-bladed β-propeller structure capable of binding more than 50 proteins, covering a wide range of biological functions including lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, neuronal growth and death, inflammation, and lysosomal degradation. Sortilin has a complex cellular trafficking itinerary, where it functions as a receptor in the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, secretory vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and at the cell surface. In addition, sortilin is associated with hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, and inflammation syndromes. The 1p13.3 locus containing SORT1, the gene encoding sortilin, carries the strongest association with LDL-C of all loci in human genome-wide association studies. However, the mechanism by which sortilin influences LDL-C is unclear. Here, we review the role sortilin plays in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and describe in detail the large and often contradictory literature on the role of sortilin in the regulation of LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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6
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Knecht S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Interval-Based Secretomics Unravels Acute-Phase Response in Hepatocyte Model Systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100241. [PMID: 35525403 PMCID: PMC9184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based secretomics approaches frequently utilize serum-free culture conditions to circumvent serum-induced interference and to increase analytical depth. However, this can negatively affect a wide range of cellular functions and cell viability. These effects become particularly apparent when investigating transcriptionally regulated secretion events and feedback-loops in response to perturbations that require 48 h or more to fully manifest. We present an “interval-based” secretomics workflow, which determines protein secretion rates in short serum-free time windows. Relative quantification using tandem mass tags enables precise monitoring of time-dependent changes. We applied this approach to determine temporal profiles of protein secretion in the hepatocyte model cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG after stimulation of the acute-phase response (APR) by the cytokines IL1b and IL6. While the popular hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 showed an incomplete APR, secretion patterns derived from differentiated HepaRG cells recapitulated the expected APR more comprehensively. For several APR response proteins, substantial secretion was only observed after 72 h, a time window at which cell fitness is substantially impaired under serum-free cell culture conditions. The interval-based secretomics approach enabled the first comprehensive analysis of time-dependent secretion of liver cell models in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. The extended time range facilitated the observation of distinct chronological phases and cytokine-dependent secretion phenotypes of the APR. IL1b directed the APR toward pathogen defense over three distinct phases—chemotaxis, effector, clearance—while IL6 directed the APR toward regeneration. Protein shedding on the cell surface was pronounced upon IL1b stimulation, and small molecule inhibition of ADAM and matrix metalloproteases identified induced as well as constitutive shedding events. Inhibition of ADAM proteases with TAPI-0 resulted in reduced shedding of the sorting receptor SORT1, and an attenuated cytokine response suggesting a direct link between cell surface shedding and cytokine secretion rates. Interval-based secretomics enables extended time course analysis. Time-resolved acute phase response in liver model systems HepG2 and HepaRG. IL1b response clusters in three phases. Cell surface shedding is amplified during acute-phase response. ADAM inhibition dampens secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knecht
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Eggert S, Kins S, Endres K, Brigadski T. Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem 2022; 403:43-71. [PMID: 34619027 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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Yang W, Xiang Y, Liao MJ, Wu PF, Yang L, Huang GH, Shi BZ, Yi L, Lv SQ. Presenilin1 inhibits glioblastoma cell invasiveness via promoting Sortilin cleavage. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:112. [PMID: 34781973 PMCID: PMC8594175 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glioblastoma are the most common and devastating diseases in the neurology and neurosurgery departments, respectively. Our previous research reports that the AD-related protein Presenilin1 represses cell proliferation by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. However, the function of Presenilin1 and the underlying mechanism need to be further investigated. METHODS The correlations of two genes were conducted on the R2 microarray platform and CGGA. Wound healing, Transwell assays and glioblastoma transplantation were performed to detect invasion ability. Phalloidin staining was employed to show cell morphology. Proximity ligation assays and protein docking assays were employed to detect two protein locations. We also employed western blotting to detect protein expression. RESULTS We found that Presenilin1 clearly repressed the migration, invasion and mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma cells. Intriguingly, we observed that the expression of Presenilin1 was positively correlated with Sortilin, which is identified as a pro-invasion molecule in glioma. Furthermore, Presenilin1 interacted with Sortilin at the transmembrane domain and repressed Sortilin expression by cleaving it in glioblastoma cells. First, we found that Sortilin introduced the function of Presenilin1 in phosphorylating β-catenin and repressing invasion in glioblastoma cells. Last, Presenilin1 stimulation sharply suppressed the invasion and mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma in mouse subcutaneous and intracranial transplantation models. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that Sortilin mediates the regulation of β-catenin by Presenilin1 and transduces the anti-invasive function of Presenilin1, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183# Xinqiao street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183# Xinqiao street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Mao-Jun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183# Xinqiao street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183# Xinqiao street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Bao-Zhong Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital & College of Clinical Medical, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 Henan China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183# Xinqiao street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037 China
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Jankowski V, Saritas T, Kjolby M, Hermann J, Speer T, Himmelsbach A, Mahr K, Heuschkel MA, Schunk SJ, Thirup S, Winther S, Bottcher M, Nyegard M, Nykjaer A, Kramann R, Kaesler N, Jankowski J, Floege J, Marx N, Goettsch C. Carbamylated sortilin associates with cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 101:574-584. [PMID: 34767831 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin, an intracellular sorting receptor, has been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly susceptible to develop cardiovascular complications such as calcification. However, specific CKD-induced posttranslational protein modifications of sortilin and their link to cardiovascular calcification remain unknown. To investigate this, we examined two independent CKD cohorts for carbamylation of circulating sortilin and detected increased carbamylated sortilin lysine residues in the extracellular domain of sortilin with kidney function decline using targeted mass spectrometry. Structure analysis predicted altered ligand binding by carbamylated sortilin, which was verified by binding studies using surface plasmon resonance measurement, showing an increased affinity of interleukin 6 to in vitro carbamylated sortilin. Further, carbamylated sortilin increased vascular calcification in vitro and ex vivo that was accelerated by interleukin 6. Imaging by mass spectrometry of human calcified arteries revealed in situ carbamylated sortilin. In patients with CKD, sortilin carbamylation was associated with coronary artery calcification, independent of age and kidney function. Moreover, patients with carbamylated sortilin displayed significantly faster progression of coronary artery calcification than patients without sortilin carbamylation. Thus, carbamylated sortilin may be a risk factor for cardiovascular calcification and may contribute to elevated cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anika Himmelsbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mahr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Augusto Heuschkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Soren Thirup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Morten Bottcher
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
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Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3231-3260. [PMID: 34711154 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in cancer has increased in the last years. In tumor cells the overexpression of peptides and their receptors is known and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk and worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR) and the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors and B-cell leukemia will be mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research lines to be developed in the future will be suggested such as: molecules regulating the expression of the NT precursor, influence of the diet in the development of tumors, molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT and antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the neurotensinergic system. CONCLUSION NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target and the administration of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumors overexpressing NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
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Ghaemimanesh F, Mehravar M, Milani S, Poursani EM, Saliminejad K. The multifaceted role of sortilin/neurotensin receptor 3 in human cancer development. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6271-6281. [PMID: 33634506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin (also known as neurotensin receptor 3) is a multitasking protein implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development, cardiovascular impairment, Alzheimer-type dementia, and depression. Although the definitive role of sortilin in human solid and hematological malignancies has been evidenced, few articles reviewed the task. The aim of the current review is to unravel the mechanisms by which sortilin controls oncogenicity and cancer progression; and also to summarize and discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. Questions on how sortilin is involving in the impairment of cell junctions, in exosomes composition and release, as well as in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking are also responded. In addition, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of sortilin in signal transduction by either neurotrophins or neurotensin in normal and malignant cells. The relevance of sortilin with normal and cancer stem cells is also discussed. The last section provides a general overview of sortilin applications as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the context of cancer detection. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaemimanesh
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mehravar
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saeideh Milani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh M Poursani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Identification of Sortilin Alternatively Spliced Variants in Mouse 3T3L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030983. [PMID: 33498179 PMCID: PMC7863940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder defined by systemic insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in adipocytes, an important regulator of glucose metabolism, results in impaired glucose uptake. The trafficking protein, sortilin, regulates major glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) movement, thereby promoting glucose uptake in adipocytes. Here, we demonstrate the presence of an alternatively spliced sortilin variant (Sort17b), whose levels increase with insulin resistance in mouse 3T3L1 adipocytes. Using a splicing minigene, we show that inclusion of alternative exon 17b results in the expression of Sort17b splice variant. Bioinformatic analysis indicated a novel intrinsic disorder region (IDR) encoded by exon 17b of Sort17b. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) measurements using molecular dynamics demonstrated increased flexibility of the protein backbone within the IDR. Using protein–protein docking and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show robust binding of Glut4 to Sort17b. Further, results demonstrate that over-expression of Sort17b correlates with reduced Glut4 translocation and decreased glucose uptake in adipocytes. The study demonstrates that insulin resistance in 3T3L1 adipocytes promotes expression of a novel sortilin splice variant with thus far unknown implications in glucose metabolism. This knowledge may be used to develop therapeutics targeting sortilin variants in the management of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Christou N, Blondy S, David V, Verdier M, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO, Mathonnet M, Perraud A. Neurotensin pathway in digestive cancers and clinical applications: an overview. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1027. [PMID: 33268796 PMCID: PMC7710720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Initially, NEUROTENSIN (NTS) has been shown to play physiological and biological functions as a neuro-transmitter/modulator in the central nervous system and as an endocrine factor in the periphery, through its binding to two kinds of receptors: NTSR1 and 2 (G protein-coupled receptors) and NTSR3/sortilin (a vacuolar protein-sorting 10-domain receptor). NTS also plays oncogenic roles in many types of cancer, including digestive cancers. In tumor tissues, NTS and NTSR1 expression is higher than in healthy ones and is associated with poor prognosis. NTS and NTRS1 promote cancer progression and play key functions in metastatic processes; they modulate several signaling pathways and they contribute to changes in the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, NTRS2 involvement in digestive cancers is poorly understood. Discovered for mediating NTS biological effects, sortilin recently emerged as a promising target as its expression was found to be increased in various types of cancers. Because it can be secreted, a soluble form of sortilin (sSortilin) appears as a new serum biomarker which, on the basis of recent studies, promises to be useful in both the diagnosis and tumor progression monitoring. More precisely, it appears that soluble sortilin can be associated with other receptors like TRKB. These associations occur in exosomes and trigger the aggressiveness of cancers like glioblastoma, leading to the concept of a possible composite theranostic biomarker. This review summarizes the oncogenic roles of the NTS signaling pathways in digestive cancers and discusses their emergence as promising early diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France.
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France.
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Valentin David
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Pharmacie, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service d'Immunologie, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR « Contrôle de l'Activation cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistances thérapeutiques », Faculté de médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Générale, CHU de Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France
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Al-Yozbaki M, Acha-Sagredo A, George A, Liloglou T, Wilson CM. Balancing neurotrophin pathway and sortilin function: Its role in human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Campbell GE, Jones EL, Comizzoli P, Duffy DM. Neurotensin stimulates the sperm acrosome reaction and reduces percentages of fertilization in vitro. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:27-35. [PMID: 35559737 PMCID: PMC10034862 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of neurotensin (NTS), a naturally occurring peptide, on the function of human and nonhuman primate sperm. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Consenting normozoospermic human donors and cynomolgus macaques. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm acrosome status was assessed. Computer-assisted semen analysis assessed sperm motility, progression, and velocity. Immunocytochemistry and receptor selective agonists were used to identify specific NTS receptors on sperm. Monkey oocytes were obtained after ovarian stimulation, and NTS-treated monkey sperm were used for in vitro fertilization. RESULTS Neurotensin treatment of human sperm stimulated the acrosome reaction in both a dose-dependent (0.1-10 μmol/L) and time-dependent (5-30 minutes) manner. Neurotensin treatment did not alter sperm motility or progression. Both a general NTS receptor antagonist (SR142948) and a NTSR1 selective antagonist (SR48692) reduced the ability of NTS to stimulate the acrosome reaction. The neurotensin receptor NTSR1, but not NTSR2 or SORT1, was detected in monkey sperm using immunostaining. Neurotensin treatment also compromised the ability of sperm to fertilize an oocyte. Percentage of fertilization with untreated monkey sperm and monkey oocytes was 72%. Sperm pre-treated with NTS yielded a significantly lower fertilization rate of 18%. CONCLUSION(S) Neurotensin effectively stimulates the acrosome reaction in human and monkey sperm. Neurotensin produced by the oviduct or cumulus cells may promote natural fertilization. Pretreatment of sperm with NTS significantly reduces fertilization. Exposure of sperm to NTS prior to reaching the oviduct has the potential for contraceptive development. Identification of NTSR1 as the mediator of NTS action provides a specific target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Campbell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Estella L Jones
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, and Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
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Dao T, Salahuddin S, Charfi C, Sicard AA, Jenabian MA, Annabi B. Pharmacological targeting of neurotensin response by diet-derived EGCG in macrophage-differentiated HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Ouyang S, Jia B, Xie W, Yang J, Lv Y. Mechanism underlying the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8958-8971. [PMID: 32474917 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and analyzes the updated information on the regulation of sortilin expression and its trafficking function. Evidence indicates that the expression and function of sortilin are closely regulated at four levels: DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and trafficking function. DNA methylation, several mutations, and minor single-nucleotide polymorphisms within DNA fragments affect the expression of SORT1 gene. A few transcription factors and microRNAs modulate its transcription as well as the splicing or stability of the mRNA. Moreover, several translation factors control the synthesis of sortilin protein, and posttranslational modifications affect its degradation processes. Multiple adaptor molecules modulate the sortilin trafficking function in the anterograde or retrograde pathway. Recent advances in the regulation of sortilin expression and function, and its related mechanisms will help the ongoing research related to sortilin and promote future clinical application via sortilin intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Yang W, Wu PF, Ma JX, Liao MJ, Xu LS, Xu MH, Yi L. Presenilin1 exerts antiproliferative effects by repressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 32046730 PMCID: PMC7014622 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the most common and devastating diseases in the central nervous system. The dysfunction of Presenilin1 is the main reason for AD pathogenesis. However, the molecular function of Presenilin1 and its relative mechanism in glioblastoma remain unclear. Methods Expression of presenilin1 in glioma was determined by IHC. CCK-8, colony formation, Flow cytometry, Edu staining were utilized to evaluate functions of presenilin1 on glioblastoma proliferation. The mechanism of above process was assessed by Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence. Mouse transplanting glioblastoma model and micro-MRI detection were used to verified presenilin1 function in vivo. Results In this study, we found that all grades of glioma maintained relatively low Presenilin1 expression and that the expression of Presenilin1 in high-grade glioma was significantly lower than that in low-grade glioma. Moreover, the Presenilin1 level had a positive correlation with glioma and glioblastoma patient prognosis. Next, we determined that Presenilin1 inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells by downregulating CDK6, C-myc and Cyclin D1 to arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. Mechanistically, Presenilin1 promoted the direct phosphorylation of β-catenin at the 45 site and indirect phosphorylation at the 33/37/41 site, then decreased the stabilized part of β-catenin and hindered its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that Presenilin1 downregulation clearly accelerated the growth of subcutaneous glioblastoma, and Presenilin1 overexpression significantly repressed the subcutaneous and intracranial transplantation of glioblastoma by hindering β-catenin-dependent cell proliferation. Conclusion Our data implicate the antiproliferative effect of Presenilin1 in glioblastoma by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a novel therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mao-Jun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lun-Shan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital & Institute Research of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhi Road, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Su X, Peng D. New insight into sortilin in controlling lipid metabolism and the risk of atherogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:232-243. [PMID: 31625271 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gumina V, Onesto E, Colombrita C, Maraschi A, Silani V, Ratti A. Inter-Species Differences in Regulation of the Progranulin-Sortilin Axis in TDP-43 Cell Models of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235866. [PMID: 31766750 PMCID: PMC6928728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregates and nuclear depletion of the ubiquitous RNA-binding protein TDP-43 have been described in the autoptic brain tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTLD) patients and both TDP-43 loss-of-function and gain-of-function mechanisms seem to contribute to the neurodegenerative process. Among the wide array of RNA targets, TDP-43 regulates progranulin (GRN) mRNA stability and sortilin (SORT1) splicing. Progranulin is a secreted neurotrophic and neuro-immunomodulatory factor whose endocytosis and delivery to the lysosomes are regulated by the neuronal receptor sortilin. Moreover, GRN loss-of-function mutations are causative of a subset of FTLD cases showing TDP-43 pathological aggregates. Here we show that TDP-43 loss-of-function differently affects the progranulin–sortilin axis in murine and human neuronal cell models. We demonstrated that although TDP-43 binding to GRN mRNA occurs similarly in human and murine cells, upon TDP-43 depletion, a different control of sortilin splicing and protein content may determine changes in extracellular progranulin uptake that account for increased or unchanged secreted protein in murine and human cells, respectively. As targeting the progranulin–sortilin axis has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for GRN-FTLD patients, the inter-species differences in TDP-43-mediated regulation of this pathway must be considered when translating studies from animal models to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gumina
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Elisa Onesto
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
| | - AnnaMaria Maraschi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.O.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (V.S.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-619113045
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Demir İ, Yildirim Akan O, Guler A, Bozkaya G, Aslanipour B, Calan M. Relation of Decreased Circulating Sortilin Levels With Unfavorable Metabolic Profiles in Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:8-16. [PMID: 31902442 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortilin, a pluripotent peptide hormone, plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. A link between sortilin and insulin sensitivity has been implicated. However, the clinical implications of this link remain elusive. Our aims were to investigate whether sortilin levels were altered in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to determine whether a link exist between sortilin levels and metabolic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 subjects including 75 nT2DM patients and 75 subjects with NGT who were matched in age, body mass index, and sex were enrolled into this case-control study. The circulating levels of sortilin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used for diagnosis of T2DM. Metabolic parameters of enrolled subjects were also determined. RESULTS The circulating levels of sortilin were found to be significantly lower in subjects with nT2DM than in controls (138.44 ± 38.39 vs. 184.93 ± 49.67 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Sortilin levels showed a negative correlation with insulin resistance and unfavorable lipid profiles, while they were positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in subjects with nT2DM. Linear regression analysis showed an independent and inverse link between sortilin and insulin resistance and unfavorable lipid profiles. Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that the subjects with the lowest sortilin levels had an increased risk of nT2DM compared with those subjects with the highest sortilin levels. CONCLUSIONS Decreased circulating levels of sortilin were associated with unfavorable metabolic profiles in subjects with nT2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Demir
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Giray Bozkaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Aslanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Tukey
| | - Mehmet Calan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.
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Sun S, Yang J, Xie W, Peng T, Lv Y. Complicated trafficking behaviors involved in paradoxical regulation of sortilin in lipid metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3258-3269. [PMID: 31608989 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize and discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the paradoxical effects of sortilin on lipid metabolism. The vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein (Vps10p) domain in the sortilin protein is responsible for substrate binding. Its cytoplasmic tail interacts with adaptor molecules, and modifications can determine whether sortilin trafficking occurs via the anterograde or retrograde pathway. The complicated trafficking behaviors likely contribute to the paradoxical roles of sortilin in lipid metabolism. The anterograde pathway of sortilin trafficking in hepatocytes, enterocytes, and peripheral cells likely causes an increase in plasma lipid levels, while the retrograde pathway leads to the opposite effect. Hepatocyte sortilin functions via the anterograde or retrograde pathway in a complicated and paradoxical manner to regulate apoB-containing lipoprotein metabolism. Clarifying the regulatory mechanisms underlying the trafficking behaviors of sortilin is necessary and may lead to artificial sortilin intervention as a potential therapeutic strategy for lipid disorder diseases. Conclusively, the paradoxical regulation of sortilin in lipid metabolism is likely due to its complicated trafficking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Tianhong Peng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, China
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Richner M, Pallesen LT, Ulrichsen M, Poulsen ET, Holm TH, Login H, Castonguay A, Lorenzo LE, Gonçalves NP, Andersen OM, Lykke-Hartmann K, Enghild JJ, Rønn LCB, Malik IJ, De Koninck Y, Bjerrum OJ, Vægter CB, Nykjær A. Sortilin gates neurotensin and BDNF signaling to control peripheral neuropathic pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9946. [PMID: 31223654 PMCID: PMC6584543 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major incurable clinical problem resulting from peripheral nerve trauma or disease. A central mechanism is the reduced expression of the potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in dorsal horn neurons induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), causing neuronal disinhibition within spinal nociceptive pathways. Here, we demonstrate how neurotensin receptor 2 (NTSR2) signaling impairs BDNF-induced spinal KCC2 down-regulation, showing how these two pathways converge to control the abnormal sensory response following peripheral nerve injury. We establish how sortilin regulates this convergence by scavenging neurotensin from binding to NTSR2, thus modulating its inhibitory effect on BDNF-mediated mechanical allodynia. Using sortilin-deficient mice or receptor inhibition by antibodies or a small-molecule antagonist, we lastly demonstrate that we are able to fully block BDNF-induced pain and alleviate injury-induced neuropathic pain, validating sortilin as a clinically relevant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Richner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lone T. Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Maj Ulrichsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ebbe T. Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Holm
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hande Login
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Annie Castonguay
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Etienne Lorenzo
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nádia P. Gonçalves
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lars C. B. Rønn
- Neurodegeneration Disease Biology Unit, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Ibrahim J. Malik
- Neurodegeneration Disease Biology Unit, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ole J. Bjerrum
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Vægter
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center, PROMEMO, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mazella J, Borsotto M, Heurteaux C. The Involvement of Sortilin/NTSR3 in Depression as the Progenitor of Spadin and Its Role in the Membrane Expression of TREK-1. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1541. [PMID: 30670975 PMCID: PMC6331531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular identification of sortilin, also called neurotensin receptor-3, from three different biochemical approaches already predicted the involvement of the protein in numerous biological and cellular functions. The first important observation was that sortilin is synthesized as a precursor that is converted to a mature protein after cleavage by the protein convertase furin in late Golgi compartments. This maturation leads to the formation of a 44 amino acid peptide, the propeptide (PE). The release of this peptide when matured sortilin reached the plasma membrane remained to be demonstrated. Sortilin has been also shown to be shedded by matrix metalloproteases releasing a large extracellular fragment identified as soluble sortilin. Therefore, sortilin has been shown to interact with several proteins and receptors confirming its role in the sorting of cellular components to the plasma membrane and/or to the lysosomal pathway. Interestingly, sortilin physically interacts with the two pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 and the PE as well as its synthetic analog spadin is able to block the activation of TREK-1 highlighting their role in the depression pathology. The present review describes the advance of research that led to these results and how both the soluble form of sortilin and the sortilin-derived PE have been detected in human serum and whose levels are affected in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The use of spadin as an antidepressant and the further role of soluble sortilin and of sortilin-derived PE as potential biomarkers during depression statement and/or remission of the pathology are considered and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Mazella
- CNRS, UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Marc Borsotto
- CNRS, UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- CNRS, UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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25
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Notaras M, van den Buuse M. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): Novel Insights into Regulation and Genetic Variation. Neuroscientist 2018; 25:434-454. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858418810142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has spawned a literature that now spans 35 years of research. While all neurotrophins share considerable overlap in sequence homology and their processing, BDNF has become the most widely studied neurotrophin because of its broad roles in brain homeostasis, health, and disease. Although research on BDNF has produced thousands of articles, there remain numerous long-standing questions on aspects of BDNF molecular biology and signaling. Here we provide a comprehensive review, including both a historical narrative and a forward-looking perspective on advances in the actions of BDNF within the brain. We specifically review BDNF’s gene structure, peptide composition (including domains, posttranslational modifications and putative motif sites), mechanisms of transport, signaling pathway recruitment, and other recent developments including the functional effects of genetic variation and the discovery of a new BDNF prodomain ligand. This body of knowledge illustrates a highly conserved and complex role for BDNF within the brain, that promotes the idea that the neurotrophin biology of BDNF is diverse and that any disease involvement is likely to be equally multifarious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Djillani A, Pietri M, Mazella J, Heurteaux C, Borsotto M. Fighting against depression with TREK-1 blockers: Past and future. A focus on spadin. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:185-198. [PMID: 30291907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mood disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression affects approximately one in five individuals in the world and represents heavy economic and social burdens. The neurobiological mechanisms of depression are not fully understood, but evidence highlights the role of monoamine neurotransmitter balance. Several antidepressants (ADs) are marketed to treat depression and related mood disorders. However, despite their efficacy, they remain nonspecific and unsafe because they trigger serious adverse effects. Therefore, developing new molecules for new targets in depression has become a real necessity. Eight years ago, spadin was described as a natural peptide with AD properties. This 17-amino acid peptide blocks TREK-1 channels, an original target in depression. Compared to the classical AD drugs such as fluoxetine, which requires 3-4 weeks for the AD effect to manifest, spadin acts rapidly within only 4 days of treatment. The AD properties are associated with increased neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the brain. Despite the advantages of this fast-acting AD, the in vivo stability is weak and does not last for >7 h. The present review summarizes different strategies such as retro-inverso strategy, cyclization, and shortening the spadin sequence that has led to the development and optimization of spadin as an AD. Shortened spadin analogs present increased inhibition potency for TREK-1, an improved AD activity, and prolonged in vivo bioavailability. Finally, we also discuss about other inhibitors of TREK-1 channels with a proven efficacy in treating depression in the clinic, such as fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine Djillani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - Mariel Pietri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - Marc Borsotto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France.
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27
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Moreno S, Devader CM, Pietri M, Borsotto M, Heurteaux C, Mazella J. Altered Trek-1 Function in Sortilin Deficient Mice Results in Decreased Depressive-Like Behavior. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 30127743 PMCID: PMC6088259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The background potassium channel TREK-1 has been shown to be a potent target for depression treatment. Indeed, deletion of this channel in mice resulted in a depression resistant phenotype. The association of TREK-1 with the sorting protein sortilin prompted us to investigate the behavior of mice deleted from the gene encoding sortilin (Sort1−/−). To characterize the consequences of sortilin deletion on TREK-1 activity, we combined behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical approaches performed in vivo and in vitro. Analyses of Sort1−/− mice revealed that they display: (1) a corticosterone-independent anxiety-like behavior, (2) a resistance to depression as demonstrated by several behavioral tests, and (3) an increased activity of dorsal raphe nucleus neurons. All these properties were associated with TREK-1 action deficiency consequently to a decrease of its cell surface expression and to the modification of its electrophysiological activity. An increase of BDNF expression through activation of the furin-dependent constitutive pathway as well as an increase of the activated BDNF receptor TrkB were in agreement with the decrease of depressive-like behavior of Sort1−/− mice. Our results demonstrate that the TREK-1 expression and function are altered in the absence of sortilin confirming the importance of this channel in the regulation on the mood as a crucial target to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moreno
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Christelle M Devader
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Mariel Pietri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Marc Borsotto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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28
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Goettsch C, Kjolby M, Aikawa E. Sortilin and Its Multiple Roles in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:19-25. [PMID: 29191923 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Studies of sortilin's influence on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases goes far beyond the genome-wide association studies that have revealed an association between cardiovascular diseases and the 1p13 locus that encodes sortilin. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of sortilin in the pathogenesis of vascular and metabolic diseases; this includes type II diabetes mellitus via regulation of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis through arterial wall inflammation and calcification, and dysregulated lipoprotein metabolism. Sortilin is also known for its functional role in neurological disorders. It serves as a key receptor for cytokines, lipids, and enzymes and participates in pathological cargo loading to and trafficking of extracellular vesicles. This article provides a comprehensive review of sortilin's contributions to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases but focuses particularly on atherosclerosis. We summarize recent clinical findings that suggest that sortilin may be a cardiovascular risk biomarker and also discuss sortilin as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goettsch
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (C.G.); The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Diabetes Academy, Denmark (M.K.); Department of Biomedicine (M.K.) and Department of Cardiology (M.K.), Aarhus University, Denmark; and Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mads Kjolby
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (C.G.); The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Diabetes Academy, Denmark (M.K.); Department of Biomedicine (M.K.) and Department of Cardiology (M.K.), Aarhus University, Denmark; and Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (C.G.); The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Diabetes Academy, Denmark (M.K.); Department of Biomedicine (M.K.) and Department of Cardiology (M.K.), Aarhus University, Denmark; and Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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29
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Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease: Modulation of APP Transport and Processing by the Transmembrane Proteins LRP1, SorLA, SorCS1c, Sortilin, and Calsyntenin. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5809-5829. [PMID: 29079999 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), one key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is extensively processed by different proteases. This leads to the generation of diverging fragments including the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which accumulates in brains of AD patients. Subcellular trafficking of APP is an important aspect for its proteolytic conversion, since the various secretases which cleave APP are located in different cellular compartments. As a consequence, altered subcellular targeting of APP is thought to directly affect the degree to which Aβ is generated. The mechanisms underlying intracellular APP transport are critical to understand AD pathogenesis and can serve as a target for future pharmacological interventions. In the recent years, a number of APP interacting proteins were identified which are implicated in sorting of APP, thereby influencing APP processing at different angles of the secretory or endocytic pathway. This review provides an update on the proteolytic processing of APP and the interplay of the transmembrane proteins low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, sortilin-receptor with A-type repeats, SorCS1c, sortilin, and calsyntenin. We discuss the specific interactions with APP, the capacity to modulate the intracellular itinerary and the proteolytic conversion of APP, a possible involvement in the clearance of Aβ, and the implications of these transmembrane proteins in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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Oh TJ, Ahn CH, Kim BR, Kim KM, Moon JH, Lim S, Park KS, Lim C, Jang H, Choi SH. Circulating sortilin level as a potential biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:92. [PMID: 28728579 PMCID: PMC5520342 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Context A previous genome-wide association study showed that a genetic variant of sortilin was associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the role of circulating sortilin is still unknown. We investigated the potential role of plasma sortilin as a biomarker for CAD and diabetes mellitus. Methods We enrolled statin-naïve subjects with CAD (n = 31) who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and control subjects (n = 116) who were free from CAD as evaluated by coronary CT angiography. The presence of diabetes mellitus was evaluated and plasma sortilin levels were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Results Plasma sortilin levels were higher in subjects with CAD and subjects with diabetes mellitus than in those without CAD or diabetes mellitus. Subjects in the highest sortilin tertile group were older and had higher glucose and HbA1c levels, but lipid profiles in the three tertile groups were comparable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that sortilin levels were independently associated with CAD. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that plasma sortilin levels could identify the presence of CAD or diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Elevated circulating sortilin levels are associated with CAD and diabetes mellitus and can be used as a biomarker of both diseases in statin-naïve subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-Rahm Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - HakChul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-070, South Korea.
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31
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Hu X, Hu ZL, Li Z, Ruan CS, Qiu WY, Pan A, Li CQ, Cai Y, Shen L, Chu Y, Tang BS, Cai H, Zhou XF, Ma C, Yan XX. Sortilin Fragments Deposit at Senile Plaques in Human Cerebrum. Front Neuroanat 2017. [PMID: 28638323 PMCID: PMC5461299 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein (Vps10p) family have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we demonstrate deposition of fragments from the Vps10p member sortilin at senile plaques (SPs) in aged and AD human cerebrum. Sortilin changes were characterized in postmortem brains with antibodies against the extracellular and intracellular C-terminal domains. The two antibodies exhibited identical labeling in normal human cerebrum, occurring in the somata and dendrites of cortical and hippocampal neurons. The C-terminal antibody also marked extracellular lesions in some aged and all AD cases, appearing as isolated fibrils, mini-plaques, dense-packing or circular mature-looking plaques. Sortilin and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition were correlated overtly in a region/lamina- and case-dependent manner as analyzed in the temporal lobe structures, with co-localized immunofluorescence seen at individual SPs. However, sortilin deposition rarely occurred around the pia, at vascular wall or in areas with typical diffuse Aβ deposition, with the labeling not enhanced by section pretreatment with heating or formic acid. Levels of a major sortilin fragment ~15 kDa, predicted to derive from the C-terminal region, were dramatically elevated in AD relative to control cortical lysates. Thus, sortilin fragments are a prominent constituent of the extracellularly deposited protein products at SPs in human cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wen-Ying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Yaping Chu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, United States
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical ScienceChangsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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32
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Devader C, Roulot M, Moréno S, Minelli A, Bortolomasi M, Congiu C, Gennarelli M, Borsotto M, Heurteaux C, Mazella J. Serum sortilin-derived propeptides concentrations are decreased in major depressive disorder patients. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:443-447. [PMID: 27838145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intense research on mechanisms underlying the depressive pathophysiology, reliable biomarkers to assess antidepressant treatment response are still lacking. Since the sortilin-derived propeptide (PE) displays potent antidepressant activities and can be measured in the blood of rodents, we wondered whether in human its seric level can vary between patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls and after antidepressant treatment. METHODS By using a specific dosing method, characterized by structure-recognition analysis with various synthesized PE analogues, we conducted a translational study to test whether blood levels of PE are under pathophysiological regulation and could serve as biomarkers of the depression state. RESULTS The serum concentration of PE, a peptide displaying potent antidepressant activities in rodents, is decreased in patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared to healthy non-psychiatric controls cohort (p=0.035). Interestingly, pharmacological antidepressant treatments restore normal PE levels. LIMITATIONS The limitation of the study concerns the relatively small patient samples that could negatively affect the likelihood that a nominally statistically significant finding actually reflects a true effect. CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal quantification of the serum PE concentration could assist psychiatrists in the diagnosis of antidepressant response efficacy, and the need to modify the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Devader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Morgane Roulot
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sébastien Moréno
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Congiu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marc Borsotto
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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Béraud-Dufour S, Devader C, Massa F, Roulot M, Coppola T, Mazella J. Focal Adhesion Kinase-Dependent Role of the Soluble Form of Neurotensin Receptor-3/Sortilin in Colorectal Cancer Cell Dissociation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111860. [PMID: 27834811 PMCID: PMC5133860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present review is to unravel the mechanisms of action of the soluble form of the neurotensin (NT) receptor-3 (NTSR3), also called Sortilin, in numerous physiopathological processes including cancer development, cardiovascular diseases and depression. Sortilin/NTSR3 is a transmembrane protein thought to exert multiple functions both intracellularly and at the level of the plasma membrane. The Sortilin/NTSR3 extracellular domain is released by shedding from all the cells expressing the protein. Although the existence of the soluble form of Sortilin/NTSR3 (sSortilin/NTSR3) has been evidenced for more than 10 years, the studies focusing on the role of this soluble protein at the mechanistic level remain rare. Numerous cancer cells, including colonic cancer cells, express the receptor family of neurotensin (NT), and particularly Sortilin/NTSR3. This review aims to summarize the functional role of sSortilin/NTSR3 characterized in the colonic cancer cell line HT29. This includes mechanisms involving signaling cascades through focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key pathway leading to the weakening of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions, a series of events which could be responsible for cancer metastasis. Finally, some future approaches targeting the release of sNTSR3 through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Béraud-Dufour
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Chistelle Devader
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Fabienne Massa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Morgane Roulot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Thierry Coppola
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Jean Mazella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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Neurotensin stimulates sortilin and mTOR in human microglia inhibitable by methoxyluteolin, a potential therapeutic target for autism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7049-E7058. [PMID: 27663735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604992113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We had reported elevated serum levels of the peptide neurotensin (NT) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we show that NT stimulates primary human microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, and the immortalized cell line of human microglia-SV40. NT (10 nM) increases the gene expression and release (P < 0.001) of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and CCL5 from human microglia. NT also stimulates proliferation (P < 0.05) of microglia-SV40. Microglia express only the receptor 3 (NTR3)/sortilin and not the NTR1 or NTR2. The use of siRNA to target sortilin reduces (P < 0.001) the NT-stimulated cytokine and chemokine gene expression and release from human microglia. Stimulation with NT (10 nM) increases the gene expression of sortilin (P < 0.0001) and causes the receptor to be translocated from the cytoplasm to the cell surface, and to be secreted extracellularly. Our findings also show increased levels of sortilin (P < 0.0001) in the serum from children with ASD (n = 36), compared with healthy controls (n = 20). NT stimulation of microglia-SV40 causes activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling kinase, as shown by phosphorylation of its substrates and inhibition of these responses by drugs that prevent mTOR activation. NT-stimulated responses are inhibited by the flavonoid methoxyluteolin (0.1-1 μM). The data provide a link between sortilin and the pathological findings of microglia and inflammation of the brain in ASD. Thus, inhibition of this pathway using methoxyluteolin could provide an effective treatment of ASD.
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Ogawa K, Ueno T, Iwasaki T, Kujiraoka T, Ishihara M, Kunimoto S, Takayama T, Kanai T, Hirayama A, Hattori H. Soluble sortilin is released by activated platelets and its circulating levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:110-5. [PMID: 27085161 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sortilin is involved multilaterally in the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we examine the release of soluble sortilin (sSortilin) from platelets and assess the association between circulating levels of sSoritlin and atherothrombosis such as coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS sSortilin levels measured in healthy subjects were higher in serum than in plasma (38.4 ± 8.7 vs. 15.8 ± 2.9 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Platelets were shown to contain both membrane-bound sortilin and its soluble form lacking the cytoplasmic tail. Stimulation of platelet-rich plasma with collagen induced sSortilin release concomitantly with platelet aggregation, and the release was suppressed by aspirin. In clinical evaluation, plasma sSortilin was detected at significantly higher levels in cardiovascular risk patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or diabetes without CAD (non-CAD, 18.7 ± 3.3 ng/mL) than in patients with CAD under aspirin therapy (17.1 ± 3.6 ng/mL; p < 0.01) or in healthy controls (16.8 ± 2.9 ng/mL; p < 0.01). In these patients, plasma sSortilin levels were significantly correlated with platelet counts (rs = 0.33; p = 0.0085) and showed significant positive associations with cardiovascular risk factors: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rs = 0.37; p = 0.0023), triglycerides (rs = 0.28; p = 0.023), and serum uric acid (rs = 0.30; p = 0.017) in non-CAD, and γ-glutamyltransferase (rs = 0.43; p = 0.020) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (rs = 0.33, p = 0.0022) in CAD. CONCLUSION Elevated plasma sSortilin levels may be associated with in vivo platelet activation and could be a risk factor for atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ogawa
- Advanced Medical Technology and Development Division, BML Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tadao Iwasaki
- Advanced Medical Technology and Development Division, BML Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kujiraoka
- Advanced Medical Technology and Development Division, BML Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishihara
- Advanced Medical Technology and Development Division, BML Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tadateru Takayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hattori
- Advanced Medical Technology and Development Division, BML Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan
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Wilson CM, Naves T, Al Akhrass H, Vincent F, Melloni B, Bonnaud F, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO. A new role under sortilin's belt in cancer. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1130192. [PMID: 27066187 PMCID: PMC4802778 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1130192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin receptor-3 also known as sortilin was the first member of the small family of vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein domain (Vps10p) discovered two decades ago in the human brain. The expression of sortilin is not confined to the nervous system but sortilin is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues. Sortilin has multiple roles in the cell as a receptor or a co-receptor, in protein transport of many interacting partners to the plasma membrane, to the endocytic pathway and to the lysosomes for protein degradation. Sortilin could be considered as the cells own shuttle system. In many human diseases including neurological diseases and cancer, sortilin expression has been shown to be deregulated. In addition, some studies have highlighted that the extracellular domain of sortilin is shedded into the culture media by an unknown mechanism. Sortilin can be released in exosomes and appears to control some mechanisms of exosome biogenesis. In lung cancer cells, sortilin can associate with two receptor tyrosine kinase receptors called the TES complex found in exosomes. Exosomes carrying the TES complex can convey a microenvironment control through the activation of ErbB signaling pathways and the release of angiogenic factors. Deregulation of sortilin function is now emerging to be implicated in four major human diseases- cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Wilson
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Al Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - François Bonnaud
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges , Limoges, France
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Increased serum levels of sortilin are associated with depression and correlated with BDNF and VEGF. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e677. [PMID: 26556286 PMCID: PMC5068760 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been investigated in relation to depression. The aim of the present study was to widen this focus to sortilin, a receptor involved in neurotrophic signalling. The serum sortilin level was investigated in 152 individuals with depression and 216 control individuals, and eight genetic markers located within the SORT1 gene were successfully analysed for association with depression. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. All the individuals returned a questionnaire and participated in a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Sortilin levels were measured by immunoassay, and potential determinants of the serum sortilin level were assessed by generalized linear models. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in previous studies. We identified a significant increase of serum sortilin levels in depressed individuals compared with controls (P=0.0002) and significant positive correlation between serum sortilin levels and the corresponding levels of BDNF and VEGF. None of the genotyped SNPs were associated with depression. Additional analyses showed that the serum sortilin level was influenced by several other factors. Alcohol intake and body mass index, as well as depression, serum BDNF and serum VEGF were identified as predictors of serum sortilin levels in our final multivariate model. In conclusion, the results suggest a role of circulating sortilin in depression which may relate to altered activity of neurotrophic factors.
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Borsotto M, Veyssiere J, Moha Ou Maati H, Devader C, Mazella J, Heurteaux C. Targeting two-pore domain K(+) channels TREK-1 and TASK-3 for the treatment of depression: a new therapeutic concept. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:771-84. [PMID: 25263033 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a disease that is particularly frequent, affecting up to 20% of the population in Western countries. The origins of this pathology involve multiple genes as well as environmental and developmental factors leading to a disorder that remains difficult to treat. Several therapies for depression have been developed and these mainly target monoamine neurotransmitters. However, these treatments are not only associated with numerous adverse effects, but they are also ineffective for more than one-third of patients. Therefore, the need to develop new concepts to treat depression is crucial. Recently, studies using knockout mouse models have provided evidence for a crucial role of two members of the two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P ) family, tandem P-domain weak inward rectifying K(+) (TWIK)-related K(+) channel 1 (TREK-1) and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel 3 (TASK-3) in the pathophysiology of depression. It is believed that TREK-1 and TASK-3 antagonists could lead to the development of new antidepressants. Herein, we describe the discovery of spadin, a natural peptide released from the maturation of the neurotensin receptor-3 (also known as sortilin), which specifically blocks the activity of the TREK-1 channel and displays particular antidepressant properties, with a rapid onset of action and the absence of adverse effects. The development of such molecules may open a new era in the field of psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borsotto
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Massa F, Devader C, Lacas-Gervais S, Béraud-Dufour S, Coppola T, Mazella J. Impairement of HT29 Cancer Cells Cohesion by the Soluble Form of Neurotensin Receptor-3. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:240-249. [PMID: 25221642 PMCID: PMC4162136 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin (NT) receptor-3 (NTSR3), also called sortilin is a multifunctional protein localized at the intracellular and plasma membrane level. The extracellular domain of NTSR3 (sNTSR3) is released by shedding from several cell lines including colonic cancer cells. This soluble protein acts as an active ligand through its ability to bind, to be internalized in the human adenocarcinoma epithelial HT29 cells and to stimulate the PI3 kinase pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular responses induced by sNTSR3 in HT29 cells. The cellular functions of sNTSR3 were monitored by immunofluocytochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative PCR in order to characterize the cell shape and the expression of adhesion proteins. We evidenced that sNTSR3 significantly regulates the cellular morphology as well as the cell-cell and the cell-matrix adherens properties by decreasing the expession of several integrins and by modifying the structure of desmosomes. Altogether, these properties lead to an increase of cell detachment upon sNTSR3 treatment on HT29, HCT116 and SW620 cancer cells. Our results indicate that sNTSR3 may induce the first phase of a process which weaken HT29 epithelial properties including desmosome architecture, cell spreading, and initiation of cell separation, all events which could be responsible for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Massa
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Christelle Devader
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Béraud-Dufour
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Thierry Coppola
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Wilson CM, Naves T, Vincent F, Melloni B, Bonnaud F, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO. Sortilin mediates the release and transfer of exosomes in concert with two tyrosine kinase receptors. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3983-97. [PMID: 25037567 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of exosomes containing both genetic and protein materials is necessary for the control of the cancer cell microenvironment to promote tumor angiogenesis. The nature and function of proteins found in the exosomal cargo, and the mechanism of their action in membrane transport and related signaling events are not clearly understood. In this study, we demonstrate, in human lung cancer A549 cells, that the exosome release mechanism is closely linked to the multifaceted receptor sortilin (also called neurotensin receptor 3). Sortilin is already known to be important for cancer cell function. Here, we report for the first time its role in the assembly of a tyrosine kinase complex and subsequent exosome release. This new complex (termed the TES complex) is found in exosomes and results in the linkage of the two tyrosine kinase receptors TrkB (also known as NTRK2) and EGFR with sortilin. Using in vitro models, we demonstrate that this sortilin-containing complex exhibits a control on endothelial cells and angiogenesis activation through exosome transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Wilson
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges CEDEX-France Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87000 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87000 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - François Bonnaud
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87000 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges CEDEX-France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges CEDEX-France
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Carlo AS, Nykjaer A, Willnow TE. Sorting receptor sortilin-a culprit in cardiovascular and neurological diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:905-11. [PMID: 24838608 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin is a sorting receptor that directs target proteins, such as growth factors, signaling receptors, and enzymes, to their destined location in secretory or endocytic compartments of cells. The activity of sortilin is essential for proper function of not only neurons but also non-neuronal cell types, and receptor (dys)function emerges as a major cause of malignancies, including hypercholesterolemia, retinal degeneration, neuronal cell loss in stroke and spinal cord injury, or Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we describe the molecular mechanisms of sortilin action in protein sorting and signaling and how modulation of receptor function may offer novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of common diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Carlo
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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The neurotrophic properties of progranulin depend on the granulin E domain but do not require sortilin binding. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Massa F, Devader C, Béraud-Dufour S, Brau F, Coppola T, Mazella J. Focal adhesion kinase dependent activation of the PI3 kinase pathway by the functional soluble form of neurotensin receptor-3 in HT29 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:952-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Much of the insight into LDL metabolism has been gained through the study of Mendelian disorders of lipid metabolism. Genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) are now being used to identify novel genes and loci that contribute to variations in LDL-C levels, and they have identified the SORT1 gene as an important modulator of LDL-C levels and ASCVD risk. Mechanistic studies in mice and cell culture also suggest that the SORT1 gene is an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism; however, these studies disagree on the directionality of the effect of Sort1 expression on plasma lipids and the mechanism for the lipid changes. Here we review the identification of the SORT1 locus as a modulator of LDL-C levels and ASCVD risk and the first mechanistic studies that explore the role of Sortilin in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5158, USA.
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Nykjaer A, Willnow TE. Sortilin: a receptor to regulate neuronal viability and function. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:261-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bose D, Zimmerman LJ, Pierobon M, Petricoin E, Tozzi F, Parikh A, Fan F, Dallas N, Xia L, Gaur P, Samuel S, Liebler DC, Ellis LM. Chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells and cancer stem cells mediate growth and survival of bystander cells. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1759-67. [PMID: 22045189 PMCID: PMC3242606 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) mediate chemoresistance, but interestingly, only a small percentage of cells in a resistant tumour are CSCs; this suggests that non-CSCs survive by other means. We hypothesised that chemoresistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells generate soluble factors that enhance survival of chemonaive tumour cells. METHODS Chemoresistant CRC cells were generated by serial passage in oxaliplatin (Ox cells). Conditioned media (CM) was collected from parental and oxaliplatin-resistant (OxR) cells. CRC cells were treated with CM and growth and survival were assessed. Tumour growth rates were determined in nude mice after cells were treated with CM. Mass spectrometry (MS) identified proteins in CM. Reverse phase protein microarray assays determined signalling effects of CM in parental cells. RESULTS Oxaliplatin-resistant CM increased survival of chemo-naive cells. CSC CM also increased growth of parental cells. Parental and OxR mixed tumours grew larger than tumours composed of parental or OxR cells alone. Mass spectrometry detected unique survival-promoting factors in OxR CM compared with parental CM. Cells treated with OxR CM demonstrated early phosphorylation of EGFR and MEK1, with later upregulation of total Akt .We identified progranulin as a potential mediator of chemoresistance. CONCLUSION Chemoresistant tumour cells and CSCs may promote resistance through soluble factors that mediate survival in otherwise chemosensitive tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bose
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - L J Zimmerman
- Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - E Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - F Tozzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - A Parikh
- Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - F Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - N Dallas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - L Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - P Gaur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - S Samuel
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - L M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
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Fine-tuning roles of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB and sortilin in colorectal cancer cell survival. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25097. [PMID: 21966426 PMCID: PMC3180371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophin receptors were initially identified in neural cells. They were recently detected in some cancers in association with invasiveness, but the function of these tyrosine kinase receptors was not previously investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods and Findings We report herein that human CRC cell lines synthesize the neural growth factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under stress conditions (serum starvation). In parallel, CRC cells expressed high- (TrkB) and low-affinity (p75NTR) receptors at the plasma membrane, whereas TrkA and TrkC, two other high affinity receptors for NGF and NT-3, respectively, were undetectable. We demonstrate that BDNF induced cell proliferation and had an anti-apoptotic effect mediated through TrkB, as assessed by K252a, a Trk pharmacologic inhibitor. It suppressed both cell proliferation and survival of CRC cells that do not express TrkA nor TrkC. In parallel to the increase of BDNF secretion, sortilin, a protein acting as a neurotrophin transporter as well as a co-receptor for p75NTR, was increased in the cytoplasm of primary and metastatic CRC cells, which suggests that sortilin could regulate neurotrophin transport in these cells. However, pro-BDNF, also detected in CRC cells, was co-expressed with p75NTR at the cell membrane and co-localized with sortilin. In contrast to BDNF, exogenous pro-BDNF induced CRC apoptosis, which suggests that a counterbalance mechanism is involved in the control of CRC cell survival, through sortilin as the co-receptor for p75NTR, the high affinity receptor for pro-neurotrophins. Likewise, we show that BDNF and TrkB transcripts (and not p75NTR) are overexpressed in the patients' tumors by comparison with their adjacent normal tissues, notably in advanced stages of CRC. Conclusion Taken together, these results highlight that BDNF and TrkB are essential for CRC cell growth and survival in vitro and in tumors. This autocrine loop could be of major importance to define new targeted therapies.
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Evans SF, Irmady K, Ostrow K, Kim T, Nykjaer A, Saftig P, Blobel C, Hempstead BL. Neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor is synthesized in excess, with levels regulated by sortilin-mediated trafficking and lysosomal degradation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29556-67. [PMID: 21730062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.219675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and morphology, and modest changes in BDNF levels results in complex behavioral phenotypes. BDNF levels and intracellular localization in neurons are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including use of distinct promoters, mRNA and protein transport, and regulated cleavage of proBDNF to mature BDNF. Sortilin is an intracellular chaperone that binds to the prodomain of BDNF to traffic it to the regulated secretory pathway. However, sortilin binds to numerous ligands and plays a major role in mannose 6-phosphate receptor-independent transport of lysosomal hydrolases utilizing motifs in the intracellular domain that mediate trafficking from the Golgi and late endosomes. Sortilin is modified by ectodomain shedding, although the biological implications of this are not known. Here we demonstrate that ADAM10 is the preferred protease to cleave sortilin in the extracellular stalk region, to release the ligand binding sortilin ectodomain from the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. We identify sortilin shedding at the cell surface and in an intracellular compartment. Both sortilin and BDNF are trafficked to and degraded by the lysosome in neurons, and this is dependent upon the sortilin cytoplasmic tail. Indeed, expression of the sortilin ectodomain, which corresponds to the domain released after shedding, impairs lysosomal targeting and degradation of BDNF. These findings characterize the regulation of sortilin shedding and identify a novel mechanism by which sortilin ectodomain shedding acts as a regulatory switch for delivery of BDNF to the secretory pathway or to the lysosome, thus modulating the bioavailability of endogenous BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Felice Evans
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Tsuchiya Y, Hatakeyama H, Emoto N, Wagatsuma F, Matsushita S, Kanzaki M. Palmitate-induced down-regulation of sortilin and impaired GLUT4 trafficking in C2C12 myotubes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34371-81. [PMID: 20805226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated saturated FFAs including palmitate (C16:0) are a primary trigger for peripheral insulin resistance characterized by impaired glucose uptake/disposal in skeletal muscle, resulting from impaired GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin. We herein demonstrate that palmitate induces down-regulation of sortilin, a sorting receptor implicated in the formation of insulin-responsive GLUT4 vesicles, via mechanisms involving PKC and TNF-α-converting enzyme, but not p38, JNK, or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, leading to impaired GLUT4 trafficking in C2C12 myotubes. Intriguingly, unsaturated FFAs such as palmitoleate (C16:1) and oleate (C18:1) had no such detrimental effects, appearing instead to effectively reverse palmitate-induced impairment of insulin-responsive GLUT4 recycling along with restoration of sortilin abundance by preventing aberrant PKC activation. On the other hand, shRNA-mediated reduction of sortilin in intact C2C12 myotubes inhibited insulin-induced GLUT4 recycling without dampening Akt phosphorylation. We found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist troglitazone prevented the palmitate-induced sortilin reduction and also ameliorated insulin-responsive GLUT4 recycling without altering the palmitate-evoked insults on signaling cascades; neither highly phosphorylated PKC states nor impaired insulin-responsive Akt phosphorylation was affected. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PKC-dependent insulin resistance with respect to insulin-responsive GLUT4 translocation, which could occur not only through defects of insulin signaling but also via a reduction of sortilin, which directly controls trafficking/sorting of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle cells. In addition, our data suggest the insulin-sensitizing action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to be at least partially mediated through the restoration of proper GLUT4 trafficking/sorting events governed by sortilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Hermey G. The Vps10p-domain receptor family. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2677-89. [PMID: 19434368 PMCID: PMC11115710 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The family of mammalian type-I transmembrane receptors containing a Vps10p domain contains five members, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2, SorCS3, and SorLA. The common characteristic of these receptors is an N-terminal Vps10p domain, which either represents the only module of the luminal/extracellular moiety or is combined with additional domains. Family members play roles in protein transport and signal transduction. The individual receptors bind and internalize a variety of ligands, such as neuropeptides and trophic factors, and Sortilin and SorLA mediate trans-Golgi network-to-endosome sorting. Their prominent neuronal expression, several of the identified ligands, and recent results support the notion that members of this receptor family have important functions in neurogenesis, plasticity-related processes, and functional maintenance of the nervous system. For instance, it has been demonstrated that Sortilin partakes in the transduction of proapoptotic effects, and there is converging biochemical and genetic evidence that implies that SorLA is an Alzheimer's disease risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hermey
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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