1
|
Lean FZX, Payne J, Harper J, Devlin J, Williams DT, Bingham J. Evaluation of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) Antibodies for the Immunohistochemical Detection of BTV and Other Orbiviruses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081207. [PMID: 32784809 PMCID: PMC7464351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) antigens in formalin-fixed tissues has been challenging; therefore, only a limited number of studies on suitable immunohistochemical approaches have been reported. This study details the successful application of antibodies for the immunohistochemical detection of BTV in BSR variant baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-BSR) and infected sheep lungs that were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE). BTV reactive antibodies raised against non-structural (NS) proteins 1, 2, and 3/3a and viral structural protein 7 (VP7) were first evaluated on FFPE BTV-infected cell pellets for their ability to detect BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1). Antibodies that were successful in immunolabelling BTV-1 infected cell pellets were further tested, using similar methods, to determine their broader immunoreactivity against a diverse range of BTV and other orbiviruses. Antibodies specific for NS1, NS2, and NS3/3a were able to detect all BTV isolates tested, and the VP7 antibody cross-reacted with all BTV isolates, except BTV-15. The NS1 antibodies were BTV serogroup-specific, while the NS2, NS3/3a, and VP7 antibodies demonstrated immunologic cross-reactivity to related orbiviruses. These antibodies also detected viral antigens in BTV-3 infected sheep lung. This study demonstrates the utility of FFPE-infected cell pellets for the development and validation of BTV immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Z. X. Lean
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly AAHL), Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia; (J.P.); (J.H.); (D.T.W.)
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia;
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
- Correspondence: (F.Z.X.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jean Payne
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly AAHL), Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia; (J.P.); (J.H.); (D.T.W.)
| | - Jennifer Harper
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly AAHL), Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia; (J.P.); (J.H.); (D.T.W.)
| | - Joanne Devlin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia;
| | - David T. Williams
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly AAHL), Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia; (J.P.); (J.H.); (D.T.W.)
| | - John Bingham
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP, formerly AAHL), Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia; (J.P.); (J.H.); (D.T.W.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.X.L.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohanty NN, Shivachandra SB, Biswas SK, Nagaraj V, Basheer TJ, Narendra Babu D, Yogisharadhya R, Hemadri D. An efficient production of hybrid recombinant protein comprising non-structural proteins (NS 1 & NS 3) of bluetongue virus in prokaryotic expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:15-20. [PMID: 30217599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strategic design and suitable purification techniques are of paramount importance in the production of recombinant proteins, if intended for use in a diagnostic assay. However, there is no single protocol that can be universally adopted for obtaining proteins in requisite quality and quantity across various platforms. In this study, we have targeted proteins of bluetongue virus (BTV), which is the causative agent of an arthropod-borne infectious disease in ruminants. Traditionally, serological diagnosis of the disease has rested upon either virus neutralization test or on an ELISA test that employed a recombinant structural (VP1, VP7) protein. Among the non-structural (NS) proteins of BTV, NS1 and NS3, are preferred candidate antigens in development of immuno-diagnostics as these provide the option for identifying recent/ongoing infection. However, the difficulty in production/purification of recombinant full length NS proteins of BTV in sufficient quantity and quality in various expression systems, due to inherent structural complexities, have restricted their wider applicability as immunodiagnostic reagents. To circumvent the difficulties associated with production/purification, we developed a novel NS1 and NS3 fusion gene (∼1302 bp) encoding for NS1 N-terminus (1M to G252 aa) and NS3 protein containing the N- and C-termini with a deletion of two hydrophobic domains along with intervening variable central domain (118A to A182 aa) of bluetongue virus 23. This construct was cloned, over-expressed and efficiently purified by single step affinity chromatography under unique denaturing/renaturing condition. The purified fusion protein was found suitable for detection of antibodies against BTV in an indirect ELISA (iELISA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Nalini Mohanty
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanchay Kumar Biswas
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Nagaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thaslim Jaglur Basheer
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Dasappa Narendra Babu
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li JKK. Oncolytic bluetongue viruses: promise, progress, and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:46. [PMID: 21747785 PMCID: PMC3128942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are sero-negative toward bluetongue viruses (BTVs) since BTVs do not infect normal human cells. Infection and selective degradation of several human cancer cell lines but not normal ones by five US BTV serotypes have been investigated. We determined the susceptibilities of many normal and human cancer cells to BTV infections and made comparative kinetic analyses of their cytopathic effects, survival rates, ultra-structural changes, cellular apoptosis and necrosis, cell cycle arrest, cytokine profiles, viral genome, mRNAs, and progeny titers. The wild-type US BTVs, without any genetic modifications, could preferentially infect and degrade several types of human cancer cells but not normal cells. Their selective and preferential BTV-degradation of human cancer cells is viral dose–dependent, leading to effective viral replication, and induced apoptosis. Xenograft tumors in mice were substantially reduced by a single intratumoral BTV injection in initial in vivo experiments. Thus, wild-type BTVs, without genetic modifications, have oncolytic potentials. They represent an attractive, next generation of oncolytic viral approach for potential human cancer therapy combined with current anti-cancer agents and irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K-K Li
- Department of Biology, Utah State University Logan, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|