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Sodja A, Fujioka H, Lemos FJA, Donnelly-Doman M, Jacobs-Lorena M. Induction of actin gene expression in the mosquito midgut by blood ingestion correlates with striking changes of cell shape. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:833-9. [PMID: 17537455 PMCID: PMC2756156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of a blood meal by the female mosquito Anopheles gambiae (L., Diptera: Culicidae), results in a dramatic distention of the midgut epithelium. Here, we report that these events correlate with a transient increase of actin mRNA and protein abundance. The newly synthesized actin may provide a pool of actin protein needed to remodel epithelial cell cytoarchitecture. We also document changes in midgut epithelial cell morphology. Upon blood ingestion, the columnar cells flatten accompanied by the loss of microvilli on the lumenal side and the unfolding of the labyrinth on the basal side. These changes correlate with the large increase of epithelial surface area needed to accommodate the blood meal. Actin gene expression, actin synthesis and cell morphology all return to the pre-feeding state by 24 h after blood intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sodja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Guerrero-Barrera AL, García-Cuéllar CM, Villalba JD, Segura-Nieto M, Gómez-Lojero C, Reyes ME, Hernández JM, Garcia RM, de la Garza M. Actin-related proteins in Anabaena spp. and Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1996; 142 ( Pt 5):1133-1140. [PMID: 8704955 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-5-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Actin has been described in all eukaryotic cells as the major microfilament cytoskeletal protein. Although prokaryotic cells do not have a cytoskeleton, proteins related to the latter have been found in different prokaryotic species. We have found prokaryotic actin-related proteins in the enterobacterium Escherichia coli and in the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica and Anabaena variabilis. They were identified by the following criteria: (1) by cross-reaction with a fluorescent conjugated anti-actin (rat-brain) mAb by Western blot analysis (in total cellular extracts); (2) specific binding of acetone powder and soluble cellular extracts to DNase I; and (3) specific binding of cells and total cellular extracts to phalloidin. In E coli, specific binding of phalloidin labelled with rhodamine to cells was detected by spectrofluorometry. In total cellular extracts, three bands of 60, 43 and 35 kDa were weakly recognized by the mAb by Western blot analysis; this recognition increased when phalloidin was added to the extracts. Furthermore, three polypeptides of kDa were isolated by binding to DNase I, showing pI values of 6.7, 6.65 and 6.6, less acidic than all reported actin pI values. In A. cylindrica and A. variabilis, specific binding of phalloidin labelled with rhodamine to cells was also detected by spectrofluorometry. In total and soluble cellular extracts, the mAb recognized two bands of 45 and 40 kDa by Western blot analysis, but only the first was purified by binding to DNase I, and it showed three isoforms of pI values 6.8, 6.5 and 6.4. These results suggest the presence, in prokaryotes, of proteins with similar biochemical characteristics to eukaryotic actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma L Guerrero-Barrera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuéllar
- División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan DF 14000, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - José D Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Segura-Nieto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km 9.6, Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Carlos Gómez-Lojero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - Magda E Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - José M Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Garcia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF 07000, Mexico
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Winrow MA, Sodja A. Initial characterization of several actin genes in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 178:578-85. [PMID: 1859418 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Southern hybridization data suggest a large actin gene family in Ascaris suum. Our genomic reconstruction experiment indicated that it consists of 50-75 members. Polymorphism was uncovered in the actin genes or in their surrounding sequences. From the genomic library 5 nonoverlapping actin clones were isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Winrow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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The development expression of the rat alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins: isolation and characterization of a rat gamma-enteric actin cDNA. Mol Cell Biol 1989. [PMID: 3244353 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.12.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized two cDNA clones from whole rat stomach, pRV alpha A-19 and pRE gamma A-11, which are specific for the alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins, respectively. The rat gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin contains a single amino acid substitution of a proline for a glutamine at position 359 of the mature peptide when compared with the chicken gizzard gamma-actin sequence (J. Vandekerckhove and K. Weber, FEBS Lett. 102:219, 1979). Sequence comparisons of the 5' and 3' untranslated (UT) regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs demonstrate that these regions contain no apparent sequence similarities. Additional comparisons of the 5' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs to all other known actin sequences reveal no apparent sequence similarities for the rat gamma-enteric isoactin within the 15 base pairs of sequence currently available, while the rat alpha-vascular isoactin contains two separate sequences which are similar to sequences within the 5' UT regions of the human and chicken alpha-vascular actin genes. A similar comparison of the 3' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actins demonstrates that the alpha-vascular isoactins do not contain the high degree of cross-species sequence conservation observed for the other isoactins and that the gamma-enteric isoactin contains an inverted sequence of 52 nucleotides which is similar to a sequence found within the 3' UT regions of the human, chicken, and rat beta-cytoplasmic isoactins. These observations complicate the apparent cross-species conservation of isotype specificity of these domains previously observed for the other actin isoforms. Northern blot analysis of day 15 rat embryos and newborn, day 19 postbirth, and adult rats demonstrates that the day 15 rat embryo displays low to undetectable levels of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA expression. By birth, the stomach and small intestine show dramatic increases in alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric actin expression. These initially high levels of expression decrease through day 19 to adulthood. In the adult rat, the uterus and aorta differ in their content of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA. These results demonstrate that the gamma-enteric and alpha-vascular isoactin mRNAs are coexpressed to various degrees in tissues which contain smooth muscle.
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McHugh KM, Lessard JL. The development expression of the rat alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins: isolation and characterization of a rat gamma-enteric actin cDNA. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:5224-31. [PMID: 3244353 PMCID: PMC365625 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.12.5224-5231.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized two cDNA clones from whole rat stomach, pRV alpha A-19 and pRE gamma A-11, which are specific for the alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins, respectively. The rat gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin contains a single amino acid substitution of a proline for a glutamine at position 359 of the mature peptide when compared with the chicken gizzard gamma-actin sequence (J. Vandekerckhove and K. Weber, FEBS Lett. 102:219, 1979). Sequence comparisons of the 5' and 3' untranslated (UT) regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs demonstrate that these regions contain no apparent sequence similarities. Additional comparisons of the 5' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs to all other known actin sequences reveal no apparent sequence similarities for the rat gamma-enteric isoactin within the 15 base pairs of sequence currently available, while the rat alpha-vascular isoactin contains two separate sequences which are similar to sequences within the 5' UT regions of the human and chicken alpha-vascular actin genes. A similar comparison of the 3' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actins demonstrates that the alpha-vascular isoactins do not contain the high degree of cross-species sequence conservation observed for the other isoactins and that the gamma-enteric isoactin contains an inverted sequence of 52 nucleotides which is similar to a sequence found within the 3' UT regions of the human, chicken, and rat beta-cytoplasmic isoactins. These observations complicate the apparent cross-species conservation of isotype specificity of these domains previously observed for the other actin isoforms. Northern blot analysis of day 15 rat embryos and newborn, day 19 postbirth, and adult rats demonstrates that the day 15 rat embryo displays low to undetectable levels of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA expression. By birth, the stomach and small intestine show dramatic increases in alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric actin expression. These initially high levels of expression decrease through day 19 to adulthood. In the adult rat, the uterus and aorta differ in their content of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA. These results demonstrate that the gamma-enteric and alpha-vascular isoactin mRNAs are coexpressed to various degrees in tissues which contain smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McHugh
- Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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