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Xie L, Zhou L, Zhang R, Zhou H, Yang Y. Material Composition Characteristics of Aspergillus cristatus under High Salt Stress through LC-MS Metabolomics. Molecules 2024; 29:2513. [PMID: 38893389 PMCID: PMC11173666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus cristatus is a crucial edible fungus used in tea fermentation. In the industrial fermentation process, the fungus experiences a low to high osmotic pressure environment. To explore the law of material metabolism changes during osmotic pressure changes, NaCl was used here to construct different osmotic pressure environments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the distribution and composition of A. cristatus under different salt concentrations. At the same time, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated. The LC-MS metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences between three A. cristatus mycelium samples grown on media with and without NaCl concentrations of 8% and 18%. The contents of gibberellin A3, A124, and prostaglandin A2 related to mycelial growth and those of arabitol and fructose-1,6-diphosphate related to osmotic pressure regulation were significantly reduced at high NaCl concentrations. The biosynthesis of energy-related pantothenol and pantothenic acid and antagonism-related fluvastatin, aflatoxin, and alternariol significantly increased at high NaCl concentrations. Several antioxidant capacities of A. cristatus mycelia were directly related to osmotic pressure and exhibited a significant downward trend with an increase in environmental osmotic pressure. The aforementioned results indicate that A. cristatus adapts to changes in salt concentration by adjusting their metabolite synthesis. At the same time, a unique set of strategies was developed to cope with high salt stress, including growth restriction, osmotic pressure balance, oxidative stress response, antioxidant defense, and survival competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm lnnovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.X.); (R.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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2
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Lin H, Wu H, Li H, Song A, Yin W. The essential role of GSTP1 I105V polymorphism in the prediction of CDNB metabolism and toxicity: In silico and in vitro insights. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105601. [PMID: 37031912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to toxic chemicals such as nitro-chlorobenzene (CDNB) through occupation, water, and even the air we breathe. Due to the severe toxicity caused by the high electrophilicity of CDNB, occupational and environmental exposure to CDNB can produce toxic effects that ultimately lead to cell damage. CDNB can be eliminated from organisms by binding to GSH, the catalytic product of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1). Therefore, GSTP1 plays an important role in the detoxification of CDNB. However, subtle variations in GSTP1 can result in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Indeed, the correlation between the clinical outcome of the disease and certain genotypes of GSTP1 has been extensively studied, however, their impact on the metabolic detoxification of toxicants such as CDNB remains to be elucidated. Among the various SNPs of GSTP1, I105V has a significant effect on the catalytic activity of GSTP1. In this paper, a GSTP1 I105V polymorphism model was successfully established, and its effect on CDNB metabolism and toxicity was studied by computer analysis including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The result demonstrated that the binding capacity of CDNB decreases with the I105V mutation of GSTP1(p < 0.001), indicating the changes in its detoxification efficacy in CDNB-induced cell damage. Organisms expressing GSTP1 V105 are more susceptible to cell damage caused by CDNB than individuals expressing GSTP1 I105 (p < 0.001). In sum, the data in this study provide prospective insights into the mechanism and capacity of CDNB detoxification in the GSTP1 allele, extending the CDNB-mediated toxicological profile. In addition, the heterogeneity of the GSTP1 allele should be included in toxicological studies of individuals exposed to CDNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengda Li
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aoqi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wu Yin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Liu K, Kang B, Luo X, Yang Z, Sun C, Li A, Fan Y, Chen X, Gao J, Lin H. Redox-Activated Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging Visualizes Glutathione-Mediated Biotransformation Dynamics in the Liver. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17831-17841. [PMID: 34751559 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GSH-mediated liver biotransformation is a crucial physiological process demanding efficient research tools. Here, we report a type of amorphous FexMnyO nanoparticles (AFMO-ZDS NPs) as redox-activated probes for in vivo visualization of the dynamics of GSH-mediated biotransformation in liver with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging technique reveals the periodic variations in GSH concentration during the degradation of AFMO-ZDS NPs due to the limited transportation capacity of GSH carriers in the course of GSH efflux from hepatocytes to perisinusoidal space, providing direct imaging evidence for this important carrier-mediated process during GSH-mediated biotransformation. Therefore, this technique offers an effective method for in-depth investigations of GSH-related biological processes in liver under various conditions as well as a feasible means for the real-time assessment of liver functions, which is highly desirable for early diagnosis of liver diseases and prompt a toxicity evaluation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bilun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yifan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Molecular, chemical, and structural characterization of prostaglandin A2 as a novel agonist for Nur77. Biochem J 2020; 476:2757-2767. [PMID: 31492735 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nur77 is a transcription factor belonging to the NR4A subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. Upon induction, Nur77 modulates the expression of its target genes and controls a variety of biological and pathophysiological processes. Prior research that revealed a structurally atypical ligand-binding domain (LBD) and failed to locate an endogenous ligand had led to a classification of Nur77 as an orphan receptor. However, several more recent studies indicate that small synthetic molecules and unsaturated fatty acids can bind to Nur77. Discovery of additional endogenous ligands will facilitate our understanding of the receptor's functions and regulatory mechanisms. Our data have identified prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), a cyclopentenone prostaglandin (PG), as such a ligand. Cyclopentenone PGs exert their biological effects primarily by forming protein adducts via the characteristic electrophilic β-carbon(s) located in their cyclopentenone rings. Our data show that PGA2 induces Nur77 transcriptional activity by forming a covalent adduct between its endocyclic β-carbon, C9, and Cys566 in the receptor's LBD. The importance of this endocyclic β-carbon was substantiated by the failure of PGs without such electrophilic properties to react with Nur77. Calculated chemical properties and data from reactive molecular dynamic simulations, intrinsic reaction co-ordinate modeling, and covalent molecular docking also corroborate the selectivity of PGA2's C9 β-carbon towards Nur77's Cys. In summary, our molecular, chemical, and structural characterization of the PGA2-Nur77 interaction provides the first evidence that PGA2 is an endogenous Nur77 agonist.
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Martín-Sierra C, Laranjeira P, Domingues MR, Paiva A. Lipoxidation and cancer immunity. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101103. [PMID: 30658904 PMCID: PMC6859558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxidation is a well-known reaction between electrophilic carbonyl species, formed during oxidation of lipids, and specific proteins that, in most cases, causes an alteration in proteins function. This can occur under physiological conditions but, in many cases, it has been associated to pathological process, including cancer. Lipoxidation may have an effect in cancer development through their effects in tumour cells, as well as through the alteration of immune components and the consequent modulation of the immune response. The formation of protein adducts affects different proteins in cancer, triggering different mechanism, such as proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis, among others, altering cancer progression. The divergent results obtained documented that the formation of lipoxidation adducts can have either anti-carcinogenic or pro-carcinogenic effects, depending on the cell type affected and the specific adduct formed. Moreover, lipoxidation adducts may alter the immune response, consequently causing either positive or negative alterations in cancer progression. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the effects of lipoxidation adducts in cancer cells and immune components and their consequences in the evolution of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martín-Sierra
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Laranjeira
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Portugal.
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6
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Medina S, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Durand T, Ferreres F, Domínguez-Perles R. Structural/Functional Matches and Divergences of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans with Bioactive Human Oxylipins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E165. [PMID: 30453565 PMCID: PMC6262570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) constitutes a crucial topic to discover new bioactive molecules. This approach initiates with the comparison of a target candidate with a molecule or a collection of molecules and their attributed biological functions to shed some light in the details of one or more SARs and subsequently using that information to outline valuable application of the newly identified compounds. Thus, while the empiric knowledge of medicinal chemistry is critical to these tasks, the results retrieved upon dedicated experimental demonstration retrieved resorting to modern high throughput analytical approaches and techniques allow to overwhelm the constraints adduced so far to the successful accomplishment of such tasks. Therefore, the present work reviews critically the evidences reported to date on the occurrence of phytoprostanes and phytofurans in plant foods, and the information available on their bioavailability and biological activity, shedding some light on the expectation waken up due to their structural similarities with prostanoids and isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier-ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Díez-Dacal B, Sánchez-Gómez FJ, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Milackova I, Zimmerman T, Ballekova J, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG, Gharbi S, Gago F, Stefek M, Pérez-Sala D. Molecular Interactions and Implications of Aldose Reductase Inhibition by PGA1 and Clinically Used Prostaglandins. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:42-52. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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8
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Lipoxidation adducts with peptides and proteins: deleterious modifications or signaling mechanisms? J Proteomics 2013; 92:110-31. [PMID: 23770299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein lipoxidation refers to the modification by electrophilic lipid oxidation products to form covalent adducts, which for many years has been considered as a deleterious consequence of oxidative stress. Oxidized lipids or phospholipids containing carbonyl moieties react readily with lysine to form Schiff bases; alternatively, oxidation products containing α,β-unsaturated moieties are susceptible to nucleophilic attack by cysteine, histidine or lysine residues to yield Michael adducts, overall corresponding to a large number of possible protein adducts. The most common detection methods for lipoxidized proteins take advantage of the presence of reactive carbonyl groups to add labels, or use antibodies. These methods have limitations in terms of specificity and identification of the modification site. The latter question is satisfactorily addressed by mass spectrometry, which enables the characterization of the adduct structure. This has allowed the identification of lipoxidized proteins in physiological and pathological situations. While in many cases lipoxidation interferes with protein function, causing inhibition of enzymatic activity and increased immunogenicity, there are a small number of cases where lipoxidation results in gain of function or activity. For certain proteins lipoxidation may represent a form of redox signaling, although more work is required to confirm the physiological relevance and mechanisms of such processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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9
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Solecki GM, Groh IAM, Kajzar J, Haushofer C, Scherhag A, Schrenk D, Esselen M. Genotoxic properties of cyclopentenone prostaglandins and the onset of glutathione depletion. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:252-61. [PMID: 23339592 DOI: 10.1021/tx300435p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are endogenous mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases during inflammatory processes. The five-membered ring can be dehydrated, and α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenone PGs (cyPGs) are generated. Recent studies have been focused on their potential pharmacological use against inflammation and cancer. However, little is known so far about possible adverse health effects of cyPGs. We addressed the question whether selected cyPGs at a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM exhibit mutagenic and genotoxic properties in the hamster lung fibroblast V79 cell line and whether these effects are accompanied by a depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The cyPGs 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) significantly induced DNA damage in V79 cells after 1 h of incubation. Furthermore, a more pronounced increase in formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, indicative of oxidative DNA-damage, was observed. The findings on DNA-damaging properties were supported by our results that 15dPGJ(2) acts as an aneugenic agent which induces the amount of kinetochore positive micronuclei associated with an increase of apoptosis. The strong potency of cyPGs to rapidly bind GSH measured in a chemical assay and to significantly reduce the GSH level after only 1 h of incubation may contribute to the observed oxidative DNA strand breaks, whereas directly induced oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species could be excluded. However, after an extended incubation time of 24 h no genotoxicity could be measured, this may contribute to the lack of mutagenicity in the hypoxanthine phosphorybosyltransferase (HPRT) assay. In conclusion, potential in vitro genotoxicity of cyPG and a strong impact on GSH homeostasis have been demonstrated, which may be involved in carcinogenesis mediated by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Morten Solecki
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Díez-Dacal B, Pérez-Sala D. A-class prostaglandins: Early findings and new perspectives for overcoming tumor chemoresistance. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Garzón B, Oeste CL, Díez-Dacal B, Pérez-Sala D. Proteomic studies on protein modification by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: Expanding our view on electrophile actions. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2243-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Sánchez-Gómez FJ, Díez-Dacal B, Pajares MA, Llorca O, Pérez-Sala D. Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins with Dienone Structure Promote Cross-Linking of the Chemoresistance-Inducing Enzyme Glutathione Transferase P1-1. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:723-33. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.065391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Whalen KE, Lane AL, Kubanek J, Hahn ME. Biochemical warfare on the reef: the role of glutathione transferases in consumer tolerance of dietary prostaglandins. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8537. [PMID: 20052279 PMCID: PMC2796389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the profound variation among marine consumers in tolerance for allelochemically-rich foods, few studies have examined the biochemical adaptations underlying diet choice. Here we examine the role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the detoxification of dietary allelochemicals in the digestive gland of the predatory gastropod Cyphoma gibbosum, a generalist consumer of gorgonian corals. Controlled laboratory feeding experiments were used to investigate the influence of gorgonian diet on Cyphoma GST activity and isoform expression. Gorgonian extracts and semi-purified fractions were also screened to identify inhibitors and possible substrates of Cyphoma GSTs. In addition, we investigated the inhibitory properties of prostaglandins (PGs) structurally similar to antipredatory PGs found in high concentrations in the Caribbean gorgonian Plexaura homomalla. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cyphoma GST subunit composition was invariant and activity was constitutively high regardless of gorgonian diet. Bioassay-guided fractionation of gorgonian extracts revealed that moderately hydrophobic fractions from all eight gorgonian species examined contained putative GST substrates/inhibitors. LC-MS and NMR spectral analysis of the most inhibitory fraction from P. homomalla subsequently identified prostaglandin A(2) (PGA(2)) as the dominant component. A similar screening of commercially available prostaglandins in series A, E, and F revealed that those prostaglandins most abundant in gorgonian tissues (e.g., PGA(2)) were also the most potent inhibitors. In vivo estimates of PGA(2) concentration in digestive gland tissues calculated from snail grazing rates revealed that Cyphoma GSTs would be saturated with respect to PGA(2) and operating at or near physiological capacity. SIGNIFICANCE The high, constitutive activity of Cyphoma GSTs is likely necessitated by the ubiquitous presence of GST substrates and/or inhibitors in this consumer's gorgonian diet. This generalist's GSTs may operate as 'all-purpose' detoxification enzymes, capable of conjugating or sequestering a broad range of lipophilic gorgonian compounds, thereby allowing this predator to exploit a range of chemically-defended prey, resulting in a competitive dietary advantage for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Whalen
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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14
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Sánchez-Gómez FJ, Gayarre J, Avellano MI, Pérez-Sala D. Direct evidence for the covalent modification of glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 by electrophilic prostaglandins: Implications for enzyme inactivation and cell survival. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 457:150-9. [PMID: 17169324 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, thus playing a key role in cell survival and tumor chemoresistance. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) are electrophilic eicosanoids that display potent antiproliferative properties, through multiple mechanisms not completely elucidated. Here we show that the cyPG 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) binds to GSTP1-1 covalently, as demonstrated by mass spectrometry and by the use of biotinylated 15d-PGJ2. Moreover, cyPG inactivate GSTP1-1 irreversibly. The presence of the cyclopentenone moiety is important for these effects. Covalent interactions also occur in cells, in which 15d-PGJ2 binds to endogenous GSTP1-1, irreversibly reduces GST free-thiol content and inhibits GST activity. Protein delivery of GSTP1-1 improves cell survival upon serum deprivation whereas 15d-PGJ2-treated GSTP1-1 displays a reduced protective effect. These results show the first evidence for the formation of stable adducts between cyPG and GSTP1-1 and may offer new perspectives for the development of irreversible GST inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Sánchez-Gómez
- Departamento de Estructura y Función de Proteínas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
This review considers modern concepts on the structural-functional properties and antiproliferative, antitumor, and antiviral effects of cyclopentenone prostaglandins A and mechanisms underlying their actions. Possible directions of pharmacological application of these compounds and their analogs are discussed.
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Cnubben NHP, Wortelboer HM, van Zanden JJ, Rietjens IMCM, van Bladeren PJ. Metabolism of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter inhibitors: complicating factor for multidrug resistance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2006; 1:219-32. [PMID: 16922638 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.1.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transport proteins play a central role in the defence of organisms against toxic compounds, including anticancer drugs. However, for compounds that are designed to display a toxic effect, this defence system diminishes their effectiveness. This is typically the case in the development of cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. Inhibitors of these transporters are thus potentially useful tools to reverse this transporter-mediated cellular resistance to anticancer drugs and, eventually, to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with drug-resistant cancer. This review highlights the various types of inhibitors of several multidrug resistance-related ABC proteins, and demonstrates that the metabolism of inhibitors, as illustrated by recent data obtained for various natural compound inhibitors, may have considerable implications for their effect on drug transport and their potential for treatment of drug resistance.
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Zhang J, Alston MA, Huang H, Rabin RL. Human T cell cytokine responses are dependent on multidrug resistance protein-1. Int Immunol 2006; 18:485-93. [PMID: 16481346 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) belongs to subfamily C of the ATP-binding cassette transporters, and exports leukotriene C(4) and organic anions including the fluorescent calcium indicator indo-1. The observation that leukocytes from patients with an autoimmune disease exported indo-1 at a higher rate than controls prompted the hypothesis that MRP1 contributes to the function of activated cells. To test this, we defined the expression of MRP1 on resting and activated human T cells, and determined whether T cell activation is dependent upon MRP1 function. MRP1 is expressed on resting memory but not on naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. After activation through the TCR, cord blood CD4 T cells express high levels of MRP1. Blockade of MRP1 with the specific inhibitor MK-571 abrogated superantigen-induced expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4 and CD69 by T cells without affecting their viability, and was reversible upon removal of MK-571 from the culture media. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that MRP1 blockade with MK-571 induces activation of the transcriptional repressor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in CD4 T cells, thus providing insight into the potential mechanism by which their responses are abrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA
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Musiek ES, Milne GL, McLaughlin BA, Morrow JD. Cyclopentenone eicosanoids as mediators of neurodegeneration: a pathogenic mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated and cyclooxygenase-mediated neurotoxicity. Brain Pathol 2005; 15:149-58. [PMID: 15912888 PMCID: PMC2881556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of cyclooxygenase enzymes in the brain has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative conditions. Similarly, oxidative stress is believed to be a major contributor to many forms of neurodegeneration. These 2 distinct processes are united by a common characteristic: the generation of electrophilic cyclopentenone eicosanoids. These cyclopentenone compounds are defined structurally by the presence of an unsaturated carbonyl moiety in their prostane ring, and readily form Michael adducts with cellular thiols, including those found in glutathione and proteins. The cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGs) PGA2, PGJ2, and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) PGJ2, enzymatic products of cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism, exert a complex array of potent neurodegenerative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Cyclopentenone isoprostanes (A2/J2-IsoPs), products of non-enzymatic, free radical-mediated arachidonate oxidation, are also highly bioactive, and can exert direct neurodegenerative effects. In addition, cyclopentenone products of docosahexaenoic acid oxidation (cyclopentenone neuroprostanes) are also formed abundantly in the brain. For the first time, the formation and biological actions of these various classes of reactive cyclopentenone eicosanoids are reviewed, with emphasis on their potential roles in neurodegeneration. The accumulating evidence suggests that the formation of cyclopentenone eicosanoids in the brain may represent a novel pathogenic mechanism, which contributes to many neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beth Ann McLaughlin
- Departments of Pharmacology and
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
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van Zanden JJ, Ben Hamman O, van Iersel MLPS, Boeren S, Cnubben NHP, Lo Bello M, Vervoort J, van Bladeren PJ, Rietjens IMCM. Inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 by the flavonoid quercetin. Chem Biol Interact 2003; 145:139-48. [PMID: 12686490 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) by the flavonoid quercetin has been investigated. The results show a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of GSTP1-1 by quercetin. GSTP1-1 activity is completely inhibited upon 1 h incubation with 100 microM quercetin or 2 h incubation with 25 microM quercetin, whereas 1 and 10 microM quercetin inhibit GSTP1-1 activity to a significant extent reaching a maximum of 25 and 42% inhibition respectively after 2 h. Co-incubation with tyrosinase greatly enhances the rate of inactivation, whereas co-incubation with ascorbic acid or glutathione prevents this inhibition. Addition of glutathione upon complete inactivation of GSTP1-1 partially restores the activity. Inhibition studies with the GSTP1-1 mutants C47S, C101S and the double mutant C47S/C101S showed that cysteine 47 is the key residue in the interaction between quercetin and GSTP1-1. HPLC and LC-MS analysis of trypsin digested GSTP1-1 inhibited by quercetin did not show formation of a covalent bond between Cys 47 residue of the peptide fragment 45-54 and quercetin. It was demonstrated that the inability to detect the covalent quercetin-peptide adduct using LC-MS is due to the reversible nature of the adduct-formation in combination with rapid and preferential dimerization of the peptide fragment once liberated from the protein. Nevertheless, the results of the present study indicate that quinone-type oxidation products of quercetin likely act as specific active site inhibitors of GSTP1-1 by binding to cysteine 47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer J van Zanden
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Nogués MR, Giralt M, Cervelló I, Del Castillo D, Espeso O, Argany N, Aliaga A, Mallol J. Parameters related to oxygen free radicals in human skin: a study comparing healthy epidermis and skin cancer tissue. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119:645-52. [PMID: 12230508 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies with tumor cells have demonstrated that oxygen free radicals are involved in the development of skin cancers and that variations in the body's defense mechanisms can modify the course of the disease. To assess the validity of this hypothesis in spontaneous tumors, we determined glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in healthy whole skin (n = 95), dermis (n = 73), and epidermis (n = 69). The values were compared with those obtained in three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (n = 16), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), and melanoma (n = 33). In healthy skin, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione were higher in epidermis than in dermis, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher in dermis than in epidermis; whole skin had intermediate values. These results suggest that there is an induction of some anti-oxygen free radicals mechanisms in epidermis as a result of increased oxygen free radicals production. Glutathione S-transferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher in all types of tumor than in healthy epidermis but oxidized glutathione was lower. Reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were lower in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma samples. Glutathione S-transferase increased, whereas superoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased in melanoma samples in direct relation to the Clark levels. Higher glutathione S-transferase activity, particularly in the most invasive forms of melanoma, indicates that this type of cancer is more malignant. Similarly, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity can also encourage progression of the tumor. These results are in accord with those from tumor cell cultures and could suggest new strategies (gene therapy) for managing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nogués
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovinai Virgili, Reus, Spain
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21
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Straus DS, Glass CK. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: new insights on biological activities and cellular targets. Med Res Rev 2001; 21:185-210. [PMID: 11301410 DOI: 10.1002/med.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA2, PGA1, and PGJ2 are formed by dehydration within the cyclopentane ring of PGE2, PGE1, and PGD2. PGJ2 is metabolized further to yield Delta(12)-PGJ(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)). Various compounds within the cyclopentenone prostaglandin family possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and anti-viral activity. Most actions of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins do not appear to be mediated by binding to G-protein coupled prostanoid receptors. Rather, the bioactivity of these compounds results from their interaction with other cellular target proteins. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) is a high affinity ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARgamma and modulates gene transcription by binding to this receptor. Other activities of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins are mediated by the reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group located in the cyclopentenone ring. The transcription factor NF-kappaB and its activating kinase are key targets for the anti-inflammatory activity of 15d-PGJ2, which inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated transcriptional activation by PPARgamma-dependent and independent molecular mechanisms. Other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, such as Delta(7)-PGA1 and Delta(12)-PGJ2, have strong anti-tumor activity. These compounds induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells depending on the cell type and treatment conditions. We review here recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins and their possible use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Straus
- Biomedical Sciences Division and Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0121, USA.
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22
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Abstract
In general, glutathione conjugation is regarded as a detoxication reaction. However, depending on the properties of the substrate, bioactivation is also possible. Four types of activation reaction have been recognized: direct-acting compounds, conjugates that are activated through cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, conjugates that are activated through redox cycling and lastly conjugates that release the original reactive parent compound. The glutathione S-transferases have three connections with the formation of biactivated conjugates: they catalyze their formation in a number of cases, they are the earliest available target for covalent binding by these conjugates and lastly, the parent alkylating agents are regularly involved in the induction of the enzymes. Individual susceptibility for each of these agents is determined by individual transferase subunit composition and methods are becoming available to assess this susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J van Bladeren
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research and TNO WU Centre for Food Toxicology, PO Box 360, Zeist 3700AJ, The Netherlands.
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Moos PJ, Edes K, Fitzpatrick FA. Inactivation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor by electrophilic prostaglandins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:9215-20. [PMID: 10908664 PMCID: PMC16848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.160241897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrophilic eicosanoids prostaglandins A(1) or A(2) impaired p53-dependent transcription of endogenous genes and exogenous p53-luciferase reporter plasmids in RKO and HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Cellular accumulation of genetically wild-type, but transcriptionally silent p53 varied as a function of exposure time and concentration of prostaglandins A(1) and A(2). Prostaglandins A(1) and A(2) induced a conformational change in wild-type p53 that corresponded with its inactivation and its aberrant redistribution from the cytosol to the nucleus. Derangement of its transcriptional activity manifested as inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis by etoposide, a representative antineoplastic agent. We conclude that electrophilic eicosanoids impair the role of wild-type p53 as a guardian of genomic integrity by a process distinct from somatic mutation or viral oncoprotein binding. This process may pertain to malignant and premalignant conditions, such as colon carcinoma and adenoma, which often harbor a genetically wild-type, but inactive form of p53 tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Moos
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA
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