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Su N. Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Flocculants and Retention Aids in Wet-End Papermaking. Molecules 2023; 28:7984. [PMID: 38138474 PMCID: PMC10745445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the criteria of energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection become more important, and with the development of wet-end papermaking, developing excellent retention aids is of great significance. Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) bearing polyelectrolyte chains grafted densely to the surface of core particle have the potential to be novel retention aids in wet-end papermaking not only because of their spherical structure, but also due to controllable grafting density and molecular weight. Such characteristics are crucial in order to design multi-functional retention aids in sophisticated papermaking systems. This review presents some important recent advances with respect to retention aids, including single-component system and dual-component systems. Then, basic theory in papermaking is also briefly reviewed. Based on these advances, it emphatically describes spherical polyelectrolyte brushes, focused on their preparation methods, characterization, conformation, and applications in papermaking. This work is expected to contribute to improve a comprehensive understanding on the composition, properties, and function mechanisms of retention aids, which helps in the further investigation on the design of novel retention aids with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Su
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai 200093, China
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2
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Hansoge NK, Gupta A, White H, Giuntoli A, Keten S. Universal Relation for Effective Interaction between Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K. Hansoge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Agam Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Heather White
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Andrea Giuntoli
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
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3
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Boyle BM, Heinz O, Miyake GM, Ding Y. Impact of the Pendant Group on the Chain Conformation and Bulk Properties of Norbornene Imide-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:3426-3434. [PMID: 32773888 PMCID: PMC7413623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Three series of well-defined norbornene imide-based polymers with different pendant groups were synthesized to investigate the effect of the pendant group on the polymer conformation in solution and bulk melt properties. Each of these three series was examined by analyzing the polymers' bulk z-average radius of gyration via static light scattering and the polymers' melt viscoelastic properties via oscillatory measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. Sterically bulky pendant wedge groups modestly increase the rodlike conformation of the norbornene-imide polymer, however, the inherent rigidity of the polymer main-chain can still be observed with less bulky substituents. In stark contrast, the different side groups significantly impacted the bulk viscoelastic and thermal properties. By increasing the pendant group size, the chain diameter of the polymer increases and lowers the entanglement modulus. Finally, as the wedge pendant group size increases, the segmental relaxation time and the fragility index of these norbornene-based polymers are decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ozge Heinz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Pidhatika B, Nalam PC. Investigation of design parameters in generating antifouling and lubricating surfaces using hydrophilic polymer brushes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidhari Pidhatika
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of MaterialsETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10, 8093, Zurich Switzerland
| | - Prathima C. Nalam
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of MaterialsETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10, 8093, Zurich Switzerland
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5
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Interacting Bacteria Surfaces. Biophys J 2018; 114:1515-1517. [PMID: 29642022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Che HX, Gwee SJ, Ng WM, Ahmad AL, Lim J. Design of core-shell magnetic nanocomposite by using linear and branched polycation as an ad-layer: Influences of the structural and viscoelastic properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Formation of stable cell–cell contact without a solid/gel scaffold: Non-invasive manipulation by laser under depletion interaction with a polymer. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Beer S, Mensink LIS, Kieviet BD. Geometry-Dependent Insertion Forces on Particles in Swollen Polymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Liz I. S. Mensink
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard D. Kieviet
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Thiruvengadathan R, Korampally V, Ghosh A, Chanda N, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S. Nanomaterial processing using self-assembly-bottom-up chemical and biological approaches. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:066501. [PMID: 23722189 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/6/066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is touted as the next logical sequence in technological evolution. This has led to a substantial surge in research activities pertaining to the development and fundamental understanding of processes and assembly at the nanoscale. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches may be used to realize a range of well-defined nanostructured materials with desirable physical and chemical attributes. Among these, the bottom-up self-assembly process offers the most realistic solution toward the fabrication of next-generation functional materials and devices. Here, we present a comprehensive review on the physical basis behind self-assembly and the processes reported in recent years to direct the assembly of nanoscale functional blocks into hierarchically ordered structures. This paper emphasizes assembly in the synthetic domain as well in the biological domain, underscoring the importance of biomimetic approaches toward novel materials. In particular, two important classes of directed self-assembly, namely, (i) self-assembly among nanoparticle-polymer systems and (ii) external field-guided assembly are highlighted. The spontaneous self-assembling behavior observed in nature that leads to complex, multifunctional, hierarchical structures within biological systems is also discussed in this review. Recent research undertaken to synthesize hierarchically assembled functional materials have underscored the need as well as the benefits harvested in synergistically combining top-down fabrication methods with bottom-up self-assembly.
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Halperin A, Kröger M. Ternary protein adsorption onto brushes: strong versus weak. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11621-34. [PMID: 19673469 DOI: 10.1021/la9008569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Attractive interactions between proteins and polyethylene glycol (PEG) give rise to ternary adsorption within PEG brushes. Experimental evidence suggests two ternary adsorption modes: (i) weak, due to nonspecific weak attraction between PEG monomers and the surface of the protein, as exemplified by serum albumin and (ii) strong, due to strong binding of PEG segments to specific protein sites as it occurs for PEG antibodies, which can involve the terminal adsorption of free chain ends or backbone adsorption due to binding to interior chain segments. Ternary adsorption affects the capacity of brushes to repress protein adsorption. The strong adsorption of antibodies can trigger an immune response that may affect the biocompatibility of the surface. Theoretical adsorption isotherms and protein concentration profiles of the three cases are compared for "parabolic" brushes, allowing for the grafting density, 1/Sigma, and degree of polymerization of the PEG chains, N, as well as the volume and surface area of the proteins. The amount of adsorbed protein per unit area, Gamma, exhibits a mode-specific maximum in all three cases. For backbone and weak adsorption, Gamma approximately N, whereas for terminal adsorption, Gamma approximately N0. In every case, the concentration profile of adsorbed proteins, ctern(z), exhibits a maximum at zmax>0 that shifts outward as Sigma decreases; zmax=0 occurs only for weak and backbone adsorption at a high Sigma value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halperin
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS, UMR 5588, BP 87, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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11
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Duval JFL. Metal Speciation Dynamics in Soft Colloidal Ligand Suspensions. Electrostatic and Site Distribution Aspects. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2275-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme F. L. Duval
- Laboratory Environment and Mineral Processing, CNRS, Nancy-University, UMR 7569, BP 40 - F-54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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12
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Marsh D. Protein modulation of lipids, and vice-versa, in membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1545-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The transport function of the Na pump (Na,K-ATPase) in cellular ion homeostasis involves both nucleotide binding reactions in the cytoplasm and alternating aqueous exposure of inward- and outward-facing ion binding sites. An osmotically active, nonpenetrating polymer (poly(ethyleneglycol); PEG) and a modifier of the aqueous viscosity (glycerol) were used to probe the overall and partial enzymatic reactions of membranous Na,K-ATPase from shark salt glands. Both inhibit the steady-state Na,K-ATPase as well as Na-ATPase activity, whereas the K(+)-dependent phosphatase activity is little affected by up to 50% of either. Both Na,K-ATPase and Na-ATPase activities are inversely proportional to the viscosity of glycerol solutions in which the membranes are suspended, in accordance with Kramers' theory for strong coupling of fluctuations at the active site to solvent mobility in the aqueous environment. PEG decreases the affinity for Tl(+) (a congener for K(+)), whereas glycerol increases that for the nucleotides ATP and ADP in the presence of NaCl but has little effect on the affinity for Tl(+). From the dependence on osmotic stress induced by PEG, the aqueous activation volume for the Na,K-ATPase reaction is estimated to be approximately 5-6 nm(3) (i.e., approximately 180 water molecules), approximately half this for Na-ATPase, and essentially zero for p-nitrophenol phosphatase. The change in aqueous hydrated volume associated with the binding of Tl(+) is in the region of 9 nm(3). Analysis of 15 crystal structures of the homologous Ca-ATPase reveals an increase in PEG-inaccessible water space of approximately 22 nm(3) between the E(1)-nucleotide bound forms and the E(2)-thapsigargin forms, showing that the experimental activation volumes for Na,K-ATPase are of a magnitude comparable to the overall change in hydration between the major E(1) and E(2) conformations of the Ca-ATPase.
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Halperin A, Fragneto G, Schollier A, Sferrazza M. Primary versus ternary adsorption of proteins onto PEG brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:10603-17. [PMID: 17803323 DOI: 10.1021/la701007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) brushes are used to reduce protein adsorption at surfaces. Their design needs to allow for two leading adsorption modes at the brush-coated surface. One is primary adsorption at the surface itself. The second is ternary adsorption within the brush as a result of weak PEG-protein attraction. We present a scaling theory of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms allowing for concurrent primary and ternary adsorption. The analysis concerns the weak adsorption limit when individual PEG chains do not bind proteins. It also addresses two issues of special relevance to brushes of short PEGs: the consequences of large proteins at the surface protruding out of a shallow brush and the possibility of marginal solvent conditions leading to mean-field behavior. The simple expressions for the adsorption isotherms are in semiquantitative agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halperin
- SPrAM/DRFMC, CEA-Grenoble, Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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15
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Grayson P, Evilevitch A, Inamdar MM, Purohit PK, Gelbart WM, Knobler CM, Phillips R. The effect of genome length on ejection forces in bacteriophage lambda. Virology 2006; 348:430-6. [PMID: 16469346 PMCID: PMC3178461 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of viruses tightly pack their genetic material into protein capsids that are barely large enough to enclose the genome. In particular, in bacteriophages, forces as high as 60 pN are encountered during packaging and ejection, produced by DNA bending elasticity and self-interactions. The high forces are believed to be important for the ejection process, though the extent of their involvement is not yet clear. As a result, there is a need for quantitative models and experiments that reveal the nature of the forces relevant to DNA ejection. Here, we report measurements of the ejection forces for two different mutants of bacteriophage lambda, lambdab221cI26 and lambdacI60, which differ in genome length by approximately 30%. As expected for a force-driven ejection mechanism, the osmotic pressure at which DNA release is completely inhibited varies with the genome length: we find inhibition pressures of 15 atm and 25 atm, for the short and long genomes, respectively, values that are in agreement with our theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grayson
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA.
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Wolgemuth CW, Miao L, Vanderlinde O, Roberts T, Oster G. MSP dynamics drives nematode sperm locomotion. Biophys J 2005; 88:2462-71. [PMID: 15665134 PMCID: PMC1305345 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.054270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells can crawl over surfaces. In general, this motility requires three sequential actions: polymerization at the leading edge, adhesion to the substrate, and retraction at the rear. Recent in vitro experiments with extracts from spermatozoa from the nematode Ascaris suum suggest that retraction forces are generated by depolymerization of the major sperm protein cytoskeleton. Combining polymer entropy with a simple kinetic model for disassembly we propose a model for disassembly-induced retraction that fits the in vitro experimental data. This model explains the mechanism by which disassembly of the cytoskeleton generates the force necessary to pull the cell body forward and suggests further experiments that can test the validity of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Wolgemuth
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Cell Biology, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3505, USA
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