1
|
Brotosudarmo THP, Wittmann B, Seki S, Fujii R, Köhler J. Wavelength-Dependent Optical Response of Single Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes from Siphonous Green Alga Codium fragile. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5226-5231. [PMID: 35670598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The siphonaxanthin-siphonein-Chl-a/b-protein (SCP) complex from the siphonous green alga Codium fragile is the major light-harvesting complex (LHC) of these alga and is highly homologous to that of green plants (trimeric pigment-protein complex, LHCII). Interestingly, we find remarkable differences in the spectral response from individual SCP complexes when excited at 561 and 639 nm. While excitation in the green spectral range reproduces the common LHCII-like emission features for most of the complexes, excitation in the red spectral range yields a red-shifted emission and a significant reduction of the fluorescence decay time. We hypothesize that the difference in spectral response of SCP to light in the green and red spectral ranges can be associated with the adaption of the algae to their natural habitat under water, where sudden intensity changes are diminished, and excess light features a red-enhanced spectrum that comes at tidal timings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Ciputra, Citraland CBD Boulevard, Surabaya 60219, Indonesia
| | - Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Soichiro Seki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preprocess dependence of optical properties of ensembles and single siphonaxanthin-containing major antenna from the marine green alga Codium fragile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8461. [PMID: 35589761 PMCID: PMC9120457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The siphonaxanthin-siphonein-Chl-a/b-protein (SCP) is the light-harvesting complex of the marine alga Codium fragile. Its structure resembles that of the major light-harvesting complexes of higher plants, LHC II, yet it features a reversed Chl a:Chl b ratio and it accommodates other variants of carotenoids. We have recorded the fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes from ensembles and single SCP complexes for three different scenarios of handling the samples. While the data obtained from ensembles of SCP complexes yield equivalent results, those obtained from single SCP complexes featured significant differences as a function of the sample history. We ascribe this discrepancy to the different excitation intensities that have been used for ensemble and single complex spectroscopy, and conclude that the SCP complexes undergo an aging process during storage. This process is manifested as a lowering of energetic barriers within the protein, enabling thermal activation of conformational changes at room temperature. This in turn leads to the preferential population of a red-shifted state that features a significant decrease of the fluorescence lifetime.
Collapse
|
3
|
Blaha ME, Hasan S, Dusny C, Belder D. Fluorescence lifetime activated droplet sorting (FLADS) for label-free sorting of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1604-1614. [PMID: 35332894 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the label-free sorting of cyanobacterial cells in droplets with single-cell sensitivity based on their fluorescence lifetime. We separated living and dead cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803) using fluorescence lifetime signals of the photopigment autofluorescence to indicate their photosynthetic activity. We developed a setup and a chip design to achieve live/dead sorting accuracies of more than 97% at a droplet frequency of 100 Hz with a PDMS-based chip system and standard optics using fluorescence lifetime as the sorting criterion. The obtained sorting accuracies could be experimentally confirmed by cell plating and observing the droplet sorting process via a high-speed camera. The herein presented results demonstrate the capabilities of the developed system for studying the effects of stressors on cyanobacterial physiology and the subsequent deterministic sorting of different stress-response phenotypes. This technology eliminates the need for tedious staining of cyanobacterial cells, which makes it particularly attractive for its application in the field of phototrophic microbial bio(techno)logic and in the context of cell secretion studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadat Hasan
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Dusny
- Department Solar Materials, Helmoltz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Marcek Chorvatova A, Uherek M, Mateasik A, Chorvat D. Time-resolved endogenous chlorophyll fluorescence sensitivity to pH: study on Chlorella sp. algae. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:024007. [PMID: 32074513 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab77f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To better understand pH-dependence of endogenous fluorescence of algae, we employed spectroscopy and microscopy methods, including advanced time-resolved fluorescence imaging microscopy (FLIM), using green algae Chlorella sp. as a model system. Absorption spectra confirmed two peaks, at 400-420 nm and 670 nm. Emission was maximal at 680 nm, with smaller peaks between 520 and 540 nm. Acidification led to a gradual decrease in the red fluorescence intensity with the maximum at 680 nm when excited by 450 nm laser. FLIM measurements, performed using 475 nm picoseconds excitation, uncovered that this effect is accompanied by a shortening of the tau1 fluorescence lifetime. Under severe acidification, we also noted an increase in the green fluorescence with a maximum between 520-540 nm and a shift toward 690-700 nm of the red fluorescence, accompanied by prolongation of the tau2 fluorescence lifetime. Gathered data increase our knowledge on the responsiveness of algae to acidification and indicate that endogenous fluorescence derived from chlorophylls can potentially serve as a biosensing tool for monitoring pH change in its natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marcek Chorvatova
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, nam. J Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pavlinska Z, Chorvat D, Mateasik A, Jerigova M, Velic D, Ivošević DeNardis N, Marcek Chorvatova A. Fluorescence responsiveness of unicellular marine algae Dunaliella to stressors under laboratory conditions. J Biotechnol 2020; 324S:100018. [PMID: 34154733 DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the responsiveness of unicellular green alga Dunalliela tertiolecta to selected stressors employing confocal- and time-resolved imaging of endogenous fluorescence. Our aim was to monitor cell endogenous fluorescence changes under exposure to heavy metal Cd, acidification, as well as light by laser-induced photobleaching. The accumulation of Cd in algae cells was confirmed by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique. For the first time, custom-made computational techniques were employed to evaluate separately the fluorescence in the flagella vs. the body region. In the presence of Cd, we recorded increase in the green fluorescence in the flagella region in the form of opacities, without change in the fluorescence lifetimes, suggesting higher availability of the fluorescent molecules. Under acidification, we noted significant rise in the green fluorescence in the flagella region, but associated with longer fluorescence lifetimes, pointing to changes in the algae environment. Photobleaching experiments corroborated gathered observations. Obtained data support a differential responsiveness of the flagella vs. the body region to stressors and enable us to better understand the pathophysiological changes of algal cells in culture under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pavlinska
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, nam. J Herdu 1, 91702 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Chorvat
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Mateasik
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Jerigova
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 4, 84215, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Velic
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 4, 84215, Slovakia
| | | | - Alzbeta Marcek Chorvatova
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, nam. J Herdu 1, 91702 Trnava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das G, Chattoraj S, Nandi S, Mondal P, Saha A, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Probing the conformational dynamics of photosystem I in unconfined and confined spaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:449-455. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PSI demonstrates strong fluctuations in fluorescence intensity and lifetime with two conformational states in bulk-water in contrast to a liposome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Das
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Shyamtanu Chattoraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal
- Bhopal Bypass Road
- Bhopal-462 066
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malý P, Gruber JM, van Grondelle R, Mančal T. Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Monomeric LHCII: Experiment and Theory. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26230. [PMID: 27189196 PMCID: PMC4870570 DOI: 10.1038/srep26230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We derive approximate equations of motion for excited state dynamics of a multilevel open quantum system weakly interacting with light to describe fluorescence-detected single molecule spectra. Based on the Frenkel exciton theory, we construct a model for the chlorophyll part of the LHCII complex of higher plants and its interaction with previously proposed excitation quencher in the form of the lutein molecule Lut 1. The resulting description is valid over a broad range of timescales relevant for single molecule spectroscopy, i.e. from ps to minutes. Validity of these equations is demonstrated by comparing simulations of ensemble and single-molecule spectra of monomeric LHCII with experiments. Using a conformational change of the LHCII protein as a switching mechanism, the intensity and spectral time traces of individual LHCII complexes are simulated, and the experimental statistical distributions are reproduced. Based on our model, it is shown that with reasonable assumptions about its interaction with chlorophylls, Lut 1 can act as an efficient fluorescence quencher in LHCII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Malý
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J. Michael Gruber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomáš Mančal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magdaong NM, Enriquez MM, LaFountain AM, Rafka L, Frank HA. Effect of protein aggregation on the spectroscopic properties and excited state kinetics of the LHCII pigment–protein complex from green plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 118:259-76. [PMID: 24077891 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic experiments have been carried out at room and cryogenic temperatures on aggregated and unaggregated monomeric and trimeric LHCII complexes isolated from spinach chloroplasts. Protein aggregation has been hypothesized to be one of the mechanistic factors controlling the dissipation of excess photo-excited state energy of chlorophyll during the process known as nonphotochemical quenching. The data obtained from the present experiments reveal the role of protein aggregation on the spectroscopic properties and dynamics of energy transfer and excited state deactivation of the protein-bound chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schatz GH, Brock H, Holzwarth AR. Kinetic and Energetic Model for the Primary Processes in Photosystem II. Biophys J 2010; 54:397-405. [PMID: 19431730 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(88)82973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed model for the kinetics and energetics of the exciton trapping, charge separation, charge recombination, and charge stabilization processes in photosystem (PS) II is presented. The rate constants describing these processes in open and closed reaction centers (RC) are calculated on the basis of picosecond data (Schatz, G. H., H. Brock, and A. R. Holzwarth. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:8414-8418) obtained for oxygen-evolving PS II particles from Synechococcus sp. with approximately 80 chlorophylls/P(680). The analysis gives the following results. (a) The PS II reaction center donor chlorophyll P(680) constitutes a shallow trap, and charge separation is overall trap limited. (b) The rate constant of charge separation drops by a factor of approximately 6 when going from open (Q-oxidized) to closed (Q-reduced) reaction centers. Thus the redox state of Q controls the yield of radical pair formation and the exciton lifetime in the Chl antenna. (c) The intrinsic rate constant of charge separation in open PS II reaction centers is calculated to be approximately 2.7 ps(-1). (d) In particles with open RC the charge separation step is exergonic with a decrease in standard free energy of approximately 38 meV. (e) In particles with closed RC the radical pair formation is endergonic by approximately 12 meV. We conclude on the basis of these results that the long-lived (nanoseconds) fluorescence generally observed with closed PS II reaction centers is prompt fluorescence and that the amount of primary radical pair formation is decreased significantly upon closing of the RC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gülen D, Wittmershaus BP, Knox RS. Theory of picosecond-laser-induced fluorescence from highly excited complexes with small numbers of chromophores. Biophys J 2010; 49:469-77. [PMID: 19431667 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(86)83656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of singlet excitation kinetics and dynamics, especially at high excitation intensities, among a small number of chromophores of a given system has been addressed. A specific scheme for the kinetics is suggested and applied to CPII, a small chlorophyll (Chl)a/b antenna complex the fluorescence lifetime of which has been reported to be independent of excitation intensity over a wide intensity range of picosecond pulses. We have modeled the kinetics from the point of view that Chla molecules in CPII are Förster coupled so that a second excitation received by the group of Chla's either creates a state with two localized excitons or raises the first one to a doubly excited state. The data on CPII can be understood on the basis of a kinetic model that does not exclude exciton annihilation during the excitation pulse. The implied annihilation rate is consistent with our theoretical estimates of that rate obtained by applying excitation transfer theory to pairs of molecules both initially excited.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements have been taken on a detergent-free P700-enriched complex at room temperature isolated from the blue-green alga Phormidium luridum with a chlorophyll a to reaction center ratio of 100. Emission at greater than 665 nm is characterized by two exponential-decay components. A fast component, which dominates the initial decay with an average lifetime of 16 ps and 87% amplitude, is attributed to excitations in the core antenna chlorophyll-proteins, which are rapidly trapped by the primary electron donor, P700. A second component, with an average lifetime of 106 ps and 13% amplitude, is attributed to the peripheral antenna proteins. For 532-nm, 30-ps pulse excitation the results are virtually independent of fluence in the range of 2 x 10(12) to 4 x 10(16) photons/cm(2) and the oxidation state of P700. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to 0.1% causes the second component's lifetime to increase by an average of a factor of 2.5. Only minor changes are observed in the first component's lifetime and the relative amplitudes of the two components. Two fractions isolated from the detergent-treated samples have also been examined. Our results indicate that excitation energy transfer within photosystem I is very efficient and that the excitation kinetics of the antennae may be limited by the trapping rate of P700 or strongly affected by the heterogeneity of the antennae.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rappaport F, Guergova-Kuras M, Nixon PJ, Diner BA, Lavergne J. Kinetics and pathways of charge recombination in photosystem II. Biochemistry 2002; 41:8518-27. [PMID: 12081503 DOI: 10.1021/bi025725p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of charge recombination of the S(2)Q(A)(-) state in photosystem II was investigated by modifying the free energy gap between the quinone acceptor Q(A) and the primary pheophytin acceptor Ph. This was done either by changing the midpoint potential of Ph (using mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis with a modified hydrogen bond to this cofactor), or that of Q(A) (using different inhibitors of the Q(B) pocket). The results show that the recombination rate is dependent on the free energy gap between Ph and Q(A), which confirms that the indirect recombination pathway involving formation of Ph(-) has a significant contribution. In the mutant with the largest free energy gap, direct electron transfer from Q(A)(-) to P(+) predominates. The temperature dependence of the recombination rate was investigated, showing a lower activation enthalpy in this mutant compared with the WT. The data allow the determination of the rate of the direct route and of its relative weight in the various strains. The set of currently accepted values for the midpoint potentials of the Q(A)/Q(A)(-), Ph/Ph(-), and P(+)/P* couples is not consistent with the relatively rapid rate of the indirect recombination pathway found here, nor with the 3% yield of delayed fluorescence as previously estimated by de Grooth and van Gorkom (1981, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 635, 445-456). It is argued that a likely explanation is that the midpoint potentials of the two latter couples are more positive than believed due to electrostatic interactions. If such is the case, the estimation of the midpoint potential of the P(+)/P and S(2)/S(1) couples must also be revised upward, with values of 1260 and 1020 mV, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Rappaport
- CNRS UPR 1261, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gillbro T, Sundström V, Sandström Å, Spangfort M, Andersson B. Energy transfer within the isolated light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b
protein of photosystem II (LHC-II). FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Barzda V, Gulbinas V, Kananavicius R, Cervinskas V, van Amerongen H, van Grondelle R, Valkunas L. Singlet-singlet annihilation kinetics in aggregates and trimers of LHCII. Biophys J 2001; 80:2409-21. [PMID: 11325740 PMCID: PMC1301429 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet-singlet annihilation experiments have been performed on trimeric and aggregated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) using picosecond spectroscopy to study spatial equilibration times in LHCII preparations, complementing the large amount of data on spectral equilibration available in literature. The annihilation kinetics for trimers can well be described by a statistical approach, and an annihilation rate of (24 ps)(-1) is obtained. In contrast, the annihilation kinetics for aggregates can well be described by a kinetic approach over many hundreds of picoseconds, and it is shown that there is no clear distinction between inter- and intratrimer transfer of excitation energy. With this approach, an annihilation rate of (16 ps)(-1) is obtained after normalization of the annihilation rate per trimer. It is shown that the spatial equilibration in trimeric LHCII between chlorophyll a molecules occurs on a time scale that is an order of magnitude longer than in Photosystem I-core, after correcting for the different number of chlorophyll a molecules in both systems. The slow transfer in LHCII is possibly an important factor in determining excitation trapping in Photosystem II, because it contributes significantly to the overall trapping time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Barzda
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schödel R, Irrgang KD, Voigt J, Renger G. Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence by triplets in solubilized light-harvesting complex II (LHCII). Biophys J 1999; 76:2238-48. [PMID: 10096919 PMCID: PMC1300197 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence by triplets in solubilized trimeric light harvesting complexes was analyzed by comparative pump-probe experiments that monitor with weak 2-ns probe pulses the fluorescence yield and changes of optical density, DeltaOD, induced by 2-ns pump pulses. By using a special array for the measurement of the probe fluorescence (Schödel R., F. Hillman, T. Schrötter, K.-D. Irrgang, J. Voight, and G. Biophys. J. 71:3370-3380) the emission caused by the pump pulses could be drastically reduced so that even at highest pump pulse intensities, IP, no significant interference with the signal due to the probe pulse was observed. The data obtained reveal: a) at a fixed time delay of 50 ns between pump and probe pulse the fluorescence yield of the latter drastically decreased with increasing IP, b) the recovery of the fluorescence yield in the microseconds time domain exhibits kinetics which are dependent on IP, c) DeltaOD at 507 nm induced by the pump pulse and monitored by the probe pulse with a delay of 50 ns (reflecting carotenoid triplets) increases with IP without reaching a saturation level at highest IP values, d) an analogous feature is observed for the bleaching at 675 nm but it becomes significant only at very high IP values, e) the relaxation of DeltaOD at 507 nm occurs via a monophasic kinetics at all IP values whereas DeltaOD at 675 nm measured under the same conditions is characterized by a biphasic kinetics with tau values of about 1 microseconds and 7-9 microseconds. The latter corresponds with the monoexponential decay kinetics of DeltaOD at 507 nm. Based on a Stern-Volmer plot, the time-dependent fluorescence quenching is compared with the relaxation kinetics of triplets. It is shown that the fluorescence data can be consistently described by a quenching due to triplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schödel
- AG Molekulare Biophysik und Spektroskopie, Institut für Physik der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schödel R, Irrgang KD, Voigt J, Renger G. Rate of carotenoid triplet formation in solubilized light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) from spinach. Biophys J 1998; 75:3143-53. [PMID: 9826635 PMCID: PMC1299986 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the rate of triplet transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids in solubilized LHCII was investigated by flash spectroscopy using laser pulses of approximately 2 ns for both pump and probe. Special attention has been paid to calibration of the experimental setup and to avoid saturation effects. Carotenoid triplets were identified by the pronounced positive peak at approximately 507 nm in the triplet-singlet difference spectra. DeltaOD (507 nm) exhibits a monoexponential relaxation kinetics with characteristic lifetimes of 2-9 micros (depending on the oxygen content) that was found to be independent of the pump pulse intensity. The rise of DeltaOD (507 nm) was resolved via a pump probe technique where an optical delay of up to 20 ns was used. A thorough analysis of these experimental data leads to the conclusion that the kinetics of carotenoid triplet formation in solubilized LHCII is almost entirely limited by the lifetime of the excited singlet state of chlorophyll but neither by the pulse width nor by the rate constant of triplet-triplet transfer. Within the experimental error the rate constant of triplet-triplet transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids was estimated to be kTT > (0.5 ns)-1. This value exceeds all data reported so far by at least one order of magnitude. The implications of this finding are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schödel
- AG Molekulare Biophysik und Spektroskopie, Institut für Physik der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schödel R, Hillmann F, Schrötter T, Voigt J, Irrgang KD, Renger G. Kinetics of excited states of pigment clusters in solubilized light-harvesting complex II: photon density-dependent fluorescence yield and transmittance. Biophys J 1996; 71:3370-80. [PMID: 8968606 PMCID: PMC1233824 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Relative fluorescence yield, phi F, and transmittance, T, were measured in solubilized light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) as a function of photon density, Ip, of monochromatic 645-nm laser pulses (duration: approximately 2.5 ns). Special efforts were made in constructing an optical set-up that allows the accurate determination of the fluorescence from an area of constant Ip, phi F(Ip) starts to decline at approximately 10(14) and drops to values below 0.01% at maximum Ip (approximately 10(19) photons cm-2 pulse-1). T(Ip) decreases only slightly at photon densities of approximately 10(15) but increases steeply at values of > 10(17) photons cm-2 pulse-1. The interpretation of the phi F(Ip) data using the saturation limit of Mauzerall's multiple hit model leads to a unit size of about 10-15 chlorophyll molecules. One interpretation is to attribute this result to a very fast exciton-exciton annihilation of multiple excited states generated within this small domain. Alternatively, based on the assumption that delocalized cluster states within the monomeric/trimeric subunit of LHCII exist, the results can be consistently described by a kinetic model comprising ground, monoexcitonic, and biexcitonic states of clusters and a triplet state that is quenched by carotenoids in LHCII. Within the framework of this model the annihilation of multiple excitations is explained as ultrafast radiationless relaxation of higher excited cluster states. Comparative measurements in diluted acetonic Chl a solution are consistently described by the depletion of the ground state, taking the absorption cross section at the used wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schödel
- AG Molekulare Biophysik und Spektroskopie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lokstein H, Leupold D, Voigt B, Nowak F, Ehlert J, Hoffmann P, Garab G. Nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain of light-harvesting complex II: absorption band substructure and exciton dynamics. Biophys J 1995; 69:1536-43. [PMID: 8534824 PMCID: PMC1236384 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectral substructure and ultrafast excitation dynamics have been investigated in the chlorophyll (Chl) a and b Qy region of isolated plant light-harvesting complex II (LHC II). We demonstrate the feasibility of Nonlinear Polarization Spectroscopy in the frequency domain, a novel photosynthesis research laser spectroscopic technique, to determine not only ultrafast population relaxation (T1) and dephasing (T2) times, but also to reveal the complex spectral substructure in the Qy band as well as the mode(s) of absorption band broadening at room temperature (RT). The study gives further direct evidence for the existence of up to now hypothetical "Chl forms". Of particular interest is the differentiated participation of the Chl forms in energy transfer in trimeric and aggregated LHC II. Limits for T2 are given in the range of a few ten fs. Inhomogeneous broadening does not exceed the homogeneous widths of the subbands at RT. The implications of the results for the energy transfer mechanisms in the antenna are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lokstein
- Institut für Biologie (Pflanzenphysiologie), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kinetic modelling of exciton migration in photosynthetic systems. (1) Effects of pigment heterogeneity and antenna topography on exciton kinetics and charge separation yields. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Gülen D. Theory of exciton annihilation in complexes of a finite number of molecular sites. Math Biosci 1990; 102:21-39. [PMID: 2134489 DOI: 10.1016/0025-5564(90)90054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A theory of the kinematics of singlet exciton annihilation in complexes of a finite number of molecular sites is developed. The theory is based on a specific scheme suggested earlier by Gülen, Wittmershaus, and Knox [Biophys J. 49:469-477 (1986)]. It is adequate to address the excitation kinetics and dynamics in such systems, especially under high excitation intensities. A Pauli master equation is formulated and is solved to give explicit expressions for observables such as quantum yield and fluorescence intensity. The excitation intensity dependence of the observables is taken into account by introducing Poisson statistics. Details relevant to its application to the annihilation of excitons in photosynthetic systems and its connection to earlier theories are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gülen
- Physics Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gillbro T, Sandström Å, Spangfort M, Sundström V, van Grondelle R. Excitation energy annihilation in aggregates of chlorophyll ab complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(88)90094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
Ide JP, Klug DR, Kühlbrandt W, Giorgi LB, Porter G. The state of detergent solubilised light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex as monitored by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence and circular dichroism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
van Grondelle R. Excitation energy transfer, trapping and annihilation in photosynthetic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(85)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
Domain sizes in chloroplasts and chlorophyll-protein complexes probed by fluorescence yield quenching induced by singlet-triplet exciton annihilation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Guard-Friar D, MacColl R, Berns DS, Wittmershaus B, Knox RS. Picosecond fluorescence of cryptomonad biliproteins. Effects of excitation intensity and the fluorescence decay times of phycocyanin 612, phycocyanin 645, and phycoerythrin 545. Biophys J 1985; 47:787-93. [PMID: 3926017 PMCID: PMC1435160 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(85)83982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence of purified biliproteins (phycocyanin 645, phycocyanin 612, and phycoerythrin 545) from three cryptomonads, Chroomonas species, Hemiselmis virescens, and Rhodomonas lens, and C-phycocyanin from Anacystis nidulans has been time resolved in the picosecond region with a streak camera system having less than or equal to 2-ps jitter. The fluorescence lifetimes of phycocyanins from Chroomonas species and Hemiselmis virescens are 1.5 +/- 0.2 ns and 2.3 +/- 0.2 ns, respectively, regardless of the fluence of the 30 ps, 532-nm excitation pulse. (Fluence [or photons/cm2] = f intensity [photons/cm2s]dt.). In contrast, that of C-phycocyanin is 2.3 +/- 0.2 ns when the excitation fluence is 8.2 X 10(11) photons/cm2 and decreases to a decay approximated by an exponential decay time of 0.65 +/- 0.1 ns at 7.2 X 10(16) photons/cm2. The cryptomonad phycoerythrin fluorescence decay lifetime is also dependent on intensity, having a decay time of 1.5 +/- 0.1 ns at low fluences and becoming clearly biphasic at higher fluences (greater than 10(15) photons/cm2). We interpret the shortening of decay times for C-phycocyanin and phycoerythrin 545 in terms of exciton annihilation, and have discussed the applicability of exciton annihilation theories to the high fluence effects.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gulotty RJ, Mets L, Alberte RS, Fleming GR. Picosecond fluorescence study of photosynthetic mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii: origin of the fluorescence decay kinetics of chloroplasts. Photochem Photobiol 1985; 41:487-96. [PMID: 4011705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Shepanski J, Williams D, Kalisky Y. The triplet exciton of chlorophyll a and carotenoid in solution and in photosynthetic antenna proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Karukstis KK, Sauer K. Fluorescence decay kinetics of chlorophyll in photosynthetic membranes. J Cell Biochem 1983; 23:131-58. [PMID: 6373794 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of light by the pigments of photosynthetic organisms results in electronic excitation that provides the energy to drive the energy-storing light reactions. A small fraction of this excitation gives rise to fluorescence emission, which serves as a sensitive probe of the energetics and kinetics of the excited states. The wavelength dependence of the excitation and emission spectra can be used to characterize the nature of the absorbing and fluorescing molecules and to monitor the process of sensitization of the excitation transfer from one pigment to another. This excitation transfer process can also be followed by the progressive depolarization of the emitted radiation. Using time-resolved fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, measurements of these processes can now be characterized to as short as a few picoseconds. Typically, excitation transfer among the antenna or light harvesting pigments occurs within 100 psec, whereupon the excitation has reached a photosynthetic reaction center capable of initiating electron transport. When this trap is functional and capable of charge separation, the fluorescence intensity is quenched and only rapidly decaying kinetic components resulting from the loss of excitation in transit in the antenna pigment bed are observed. When the reaction centers are blocked or saturated by high light intensities, the photochemical quenching is relieved, the fluorescence intensity rises severalfold, and an additional slower decay component appears and eventually dominates the decay kinetics. This slower (1-2 nsec) decay results from initial charge separation followed by recombination in the blocked reaction centers and repopulation of the excited electronic state, leading to a rapid delayed fluorescence component that is the origin of variable fluorescence. Recent growth in the literature in this area is reviewed here, with an emphasis on new information obtained on excitation transfer, trapping, and communication between different portions of the photosynthetic membranes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lotshaw WT, Alberte RS, Fleming GR. Low-intensity subnanosecond fluorescence study of the light-harvesting chlorophyll ab protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
|