1
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McCarthy NLC, Chan CL, Mignini Urdaneta GECM, Liao Y, Law RV, Ces O, Seddon JM, Brooks NJ. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on lipid membrane lateral structure. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:49-76. [PMID: 38971612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
High pressure is both an environmental challenge to which deep sea biology has to adapt, and a highly sensitive thermodynamic tool that can be used to trigger structural changes in biological molecules and assemblies. Lipid membranes are amongst the most pressure sensitive biological assemblies and pressure can have a large influence on their structure and properties. In this chapter, we will explore the use of high pressure small angle X-ray diffraction and high pressure microscopy to measure and quantify changes in the lateral structure of lipid membranes under both equilibrium high pressure conditions and in response to pressure jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi L Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yifei Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Ohtani R, Kawano K, Kinoshita M, Yanaka S, Watanabe H, Hirai K, Futaki S, Matsumori N, Uji-I H, Ohba M, Kato K, Hayami S. Pseudo-Membrane Jackets: Two-Dimensional Coordination Polymers Achieving Visible Phase Separation in Cell Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17931-17937. [PMID: 32608036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes contain lateral systems that consist of various lipid compositions and actin cytoskeleton, providing two-dimensional (2D) platforms for chemical reactions. However, such complex 2D environments have not yet been used as a synthetic platform for artificial 2D nanomaterials. Herein, we demonstrate the direct synthesis of 2D coordination polymers (CPs) at the liquid-cell interface of the plasma membrane of living cells. The coordination-driven self-assembly of networking metal complex lipids produces cyanide-bridged CP layers with metal ions, enabling "pseudo-membrane jackets" that produce long-lived micro-domains with a size of 1-5 μm. The resultant artificial and visible phase separation systems remain stable even in the absence of actin skeletons in cells. Moreover, we show the cell application of the jackets by demonstrating the enhancement of cellular calcium response to ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology and Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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3
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Ohtani R, Kawano K, Kinoshita M, Yanaka S, Watanabe H, Hirai K, Futaki S, Matsumori N, Uji‐i H, Ohba M, Kato K, Hayami S. Pseudo‐Membrane Jackets: Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers Achieving Visible Phase Separation in Cell Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawano
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N20W10 Kita-Ward Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji‐i
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N20W10 Kita-Ward Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology and Institute of Pulsed Power Science Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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4
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Wypych A, Szpotkowski K, Jurga S, Domka L, Kozak M. Interactions of a cationic surfactant--(benzyloxymethyl) dodecyldimethylammonium chloride with model biomembrane systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:212-8. [PMID: 23584361 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of a cationic surfactant on phospholipid structure and dynamics. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and dielectric relaxation (DRS) spectroscopies as well as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with synchrotron radiation have been used to analyse the structure of fully hydrated 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) in the presence of a quaternary ammonium surfactant: (benzyloxymethyl) dodecyldimethylammoniumchloride (BzMDDAC). The presence of the surfactant caused changes in the temperature of the DMPC phase transition, as revealed using FTIR and DRS measurements. This change results from the disappearance of the multilamellar phase of DMPC and the formation of the unilamellar (most likely bicellar) phase, as indicated by the SAXS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wypych
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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5
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Brooks NJ, Ces O, Templer RH, Seddon JM. Pressure effects on lipid membrane structure and dynamics. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 164:89-98. [PMID: 21172328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on lipid structure and dynamics is highly important as a tool in biophysics and bio-technology, and in the biology of deep sea organisms. Despite its importance, high hydrostatic pressure remains significantly less utilised than other thermodynamic variables such as temperature and chemical composition. Here, we give an overview of some of the theoretical aspects which determine lipid behaviour under pressure and the techniques and technology available to study these effects. We also summarise several recent experiments which highlight the information available from these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Brooks
- Membrane Biophysics Platform and Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, UK
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6
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Heuert U, Krumova M, Hempel G, Schiewek M, Blume A. NMR probe for pressure-jump experiments up to 250 bars and 3 ms jump time. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:105102. [PMID: 21034114 DOI: 10.1063/1.3481164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design and performance of a pressure-jump instrument for time-resolved NMR experiments. Initial pressure of up to 250 bars can be produced by means of a HPLC pump and distilled water as a pressure-transmitting liquid. Fast pressure release at a time resolution of 3 ms is achieved using a fast acting valve driven by a piezostack close to the sample chamber. The pressure-jump cell is placed together with two valves in an especially designed NMR probe, which can be used in standard spectrometers with wide-bore magnets. All functions of the instrument are personal computer controlled. The equipment is designed for investigations on systems of biological interest, especially lipid-water dispersions. A theoretical consideration implies that probably the limited speed of valve opening determines the lower boundary of the jump time. The performance is illustrated by time-resolved NMR spectra across the phase transition of a phospholipid-water dispersion after a pressure jump from 100 bars to atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Heuert
- Insitut für Physik, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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7
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Landwehr A, Winter R. High-pressure differential thermal analysis of lamellar to lamellar and lamellar to non-lamellar lipid phase transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19940980214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Kozak M, Domka L, Jurga S. The effect of selected surfactants on the structure of a bicellar system (DMPC/DHPC) studied by SAXS. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Schiewek M, Krumova M, Hempel G, Blume A. Pressure jump relaxation setup with IR detection and millisecond time resolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:045101. [PMID: 17477687 DOI: 10.1063/1.2719020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An instrument is described that allows the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a detection system for kinetic processes after a pressure jump of up to 100 bars. The pressure is generated using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pump and water as a pressure transducing medium. A flexible membrane separates the liquid sample in the IR cell from the pressure transducing medium. Two electromagnetic switching valves in the setup enable pressure jumps with a decay time of 4 ms. The FTIR spectrometer is configured to measure time resolved spectra in the millisecond time regime using the rapid scan mode. All components are computer controlled. For a demonstration of the capability of the method first results on the kinetics of a phase transition between two lamellar phases of an aqueous phospholipid dispersion are presented. This combination of FTIR spectroscopy with the pressure jump relaxation technique can also be used for other systems which display cooperative transitions with concomitant volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schiewek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Mühlpforte 1, Halle (Saale), Germany
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10
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Nieh MP, Glinka CJ, Krueger S, Prosser RS, Katsaras J. SANS study on the effect of lanthanide ions and charged lipids on the morphology of phospholipid mixtures. Small-angle neutron scattering. Biophys J 2002; 82:2487-98. [PMID: 11964236 PMCID: PMC1302038 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural phase behavior of phospholipid mixtures consisting of short-chain (dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine) and long-chain lipids (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol), with and without lanthanide ions was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS profiles were obtained from 10 degrees C to 55 degrees C using lipid concentrations ranging from 0.0025 g/ml to 0.25 g/ml. The results reveal a wealth of distinct morphologies, including lamellae, multi-lamellar vesicles, unilamellar vesicles, and bicellar disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Ping Nieh
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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11
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Winter R. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering of lyotropic lipid mesophases, model biomembranes and proteins in solution at high pressure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1595:160-84. [PMID: 11983394 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the use of X-ray and neutron diffraction methods for investigating the temperature- and pressure-dependent structure and phase behaviour of lipid and model biomembrane systems. Hydrostatic pressure has been used as a physical parameter for studying the stability and energetics of lipid mesophases, but also because high pressure is an important feature of certain natural membrane environments and because the high pressure phase behaviour of biomolecules is of importance for several biotechnological processes. Using the pressure jump relaxation technique in combination with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the kinetics of different lipid phase transformations was investigated. The techniques can also be applied to the study of other soft matter and biomolecular phase transformations, such as surfactant phase transitions and protein un/refolding reactions. Several examples are given. In particular, we present data on the pressure-induced unfolding and refolding of small proteins, such as Snase. The data are compared with the corresponding results obtained using other trigger mechanisms and are discussed in the light of recent theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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12
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Raudino A, Castelli F, Briganti G, Cametti C. Anomalous dielectric behavior of undulated lipid membranes. Theoretical model and dielectric spectroscopy measurements of the ripple phase of phosphatidylcholine. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1403685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Koynova R, Caffrey M. Phases and phase transitions of the phosphatidylcholines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1376:91-145. [PMID: 9666088 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(98)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LIPIDAT (http://www.lipidat.chemistry.ohio-state.edu) is an Internet accessible, computerized relational database providing access to the wealth of information scattered throughout the literature concerning synthetic and biologically derived polar lipid polymorphic and mesomorphic phase behavior and molecular structures. Here, a review of the data subset referring to phosphatidylcholines is presented together with an analysis of these data. This subset represents ca. 60% of all LIPIDAT records. It includes data collected over a 43-year period and consists of 12,208 records obtained from 1573 articles in 106 different journals. An analysis of the data in the subset identifies trends in phosphatidylcholine phase behavior reflecting changes in lipid chain length, unsaturation (number, isomeric type and position of double bonds), asymmetry and branching, type of chain-glycerol linkage (ester, ether, amide), position of chain attachment to the glycerol backbone (1,2- vs. 1,3-) and head group modification. Also included is a summary of the data concerning the effect of pressure, pH, stereochemical purity, and different additives such as salts, saccharides, amino acids and alcohols, on phosphatidylcholine phase behavior. Information on the phase behavior of biologically derived phosphatidylcholines is also presented. This review includes 651 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Koynova
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Semmler K, Wunderlich J, Richter W, Meyer HW. High-pressure freezing causes structural alterations in phospholipid model membranes. J Microsc 1998; 190:317-27. [PMID: 9674157 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of high-pressure freezing (HPF) on the lipid arrangement in phospholipid model membranes has been investigated. Liposomes consisting of pure dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and of DPPC mixed with a branched-chain phosphocholine (1,2-di(4-dodecyl-palmitoyl)- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) have been analysed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The liposomes were frozen either by plunging into liquid propane or by HPF. The characteristic macroripple-phase of the two-component liposome system is drastically changed in its morphology when frozen under high-pressure conditions. The influence of ethanol which acts as pressure transfer medium was ruled out by control experiments. In contrast, no high-pressure alterations of the pure DPPC bilayer membrane have been observed. We assume that the modification of the binary system is due to a pressure-induced relaxation of a stressed and unstable lipid molecule packing configuration. HPF was performed with a newly designed sample holder, for using sandwiched copper platelets with the high-pressure freezing machine Balzers HPM010. The sandwich construction turned out to be superior to the original holder system with regard to freeze-fracturing of fluid samples. By inserting a spacer between the supports samples with a thickness of 20-100 microns can be high-pressure frozen. The sandwich holder is provided with a thermocouple to monitor cooling rates and allows exact sample temperature control. Despite a two-fold mass reduction compared to the original holder no HPF cooling rate improvement has been achieved (4000 degrees Cs-1). We conclude that the cooling process in high-pressure freezing is determined mainly by cryogen velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Semmler
- Institute of Ultrastructure Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
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16
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Bras W, Ryan AJ. Sample environments and techniques combined with small angle X-ray scattering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1998; 75:1-43. [PMID: 9611762 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(97)00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of synchrotron radiation-based Small Angle X-ray Scattering beamlines has increased considerably over the last decade. With the high X-ray flux and collimation of these beamlines it not only has become possible to perform time-resolved experiments on time scales down to the millisecond/frame range, but also it allows experimenters to utilise new sample environments and use simultaneous several experimental techniques on one sample. An overview of recent developments in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bras
- DUBBLE CRG/ESRF Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) c/o ESRF, Grenoble, France
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17
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Klösgen B, Reichle C, Kohlsmann S, Kramer KD. Dielectric spectroscopy as a sensor of membrane headgroup mobility and hydration. Biophys J 1996; 71:3251-60. [PMID: 8968595 PMCID: PMC1233813 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy is based on the response of the permanent dipoles to a driving electric field. The phospholipid membrane systems of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine can be prepared as samples of multilamellar liposomes with a well known amount of interlamellar water. For optimal resolution in dielectric spectroscopy one has to design the experimental set-up so that the direction of the permanent headgroup dipole moment is mostly parallel to the field vector of the external radio frequency (rf) electric field in this layered system. A newly developed coaxial probe technique makes it possible to sweep the measuring frequency between 1 and 1000 MHz in the temperature range 286-323 K. The response yields both the dispersion (epsilon') and the absorption part (epsilon") of the complex dielectric permittivity, which are attributed to the rotational diffusions of the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine headgroup and the hydration water, respectively. Although the contributions of the headgroup and the hydration dipole moments to the dielectric relaxation are found to be situated close together, we succeeded in separating them. In the language of the Debye description, we propose to assign the lower frequency portion of the signal response to the relaxation contributed by the headgroups. The respective relaxation frequency is a discrete value in the range of 15-100 MHz and it shows normal temperature dependence. The contribution of the hydration water molecules exhibits a similar behavior in the range of 100-500 MHz but with the attributed relaxation frequency as the center of an asymmetric distribution of frequencies in analogy to simulation models known from the literature. Activation energies are derived for each of these relaxation processes from the Arrhenius plots of the temperature-dependent relaxation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Klösgen
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Experimental Physics, Germany.
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18
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Cheng A, Mencke A, Caffrey M. Manipulating Mesophase Behavior of Hydrated DHPE: An X-ray Diffraction Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951707o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anchi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Andrés Mencke
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Martin Caffrey
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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19
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Cunningham BA, Bras W, Lis LJ, Quinn PJ. Synchrotron X-ray studies of lipids and membranes: a critique. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1994; 29:87-111. [PMID: 7836663 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(94)90046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review gives a description of techniques, suitable for the study of lipid dispersions and unorientated membranes, that are available at synchrotron facilities to determine either the kinetics of transitional phenomena in the time after a temperature or pressure jump is initiated, or the phases present while a sample undergoes a phase transition. Included in this description is information about synchrotron X-ray sources, sample holders and temperature controllers, detection systems, as well as data reduction. Examples involving lipid dispersions are provided to illustrate the application of these methods using synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cunningham
- Physics Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837
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20
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Cheng A, Hummel B, Mencke A, Caffrey M. Kinetics and mechanism of the barotropic lamellar gel/lamellar liquid crystal phase transition in fully hydrated dihexadecylphosphatidylethanolamine: a time-resolved x-ray diffraction study using pressure jump. Biophys J 1994; 67:293-303. [PMID: 7918998 PMCID: PMC1225359 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the barotropic lamellar gel (L beta')/lamellar liquid crystal (L alpha) phase transition in fully hydrated 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHPE) has been studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction (TRXRD). The phase transition was induced by pressure jumps of varying amplitudes in both the pressurization and depressurization directions at controlled temperature (78 degrees C). Both low- and wide-angle diffracted x rays were recorded simultaneously in live time using an x-ray-sensitive image intensifier coupled to a CCD camera and Super-VHS videotape recorder. Such an arrangement allowed for the direct and quantitative characterization of the long- (lamellar repeat spacing) and short-range order (chain packing) during a kinetic experiment. The image-processed live-time x-ray diffraction data were fitted using a nonlinear least-squares model, and the parameters of the fits were monitored continuously throughout the transition. The pressure-induced transitions from the L alpha to the L beta' phase and from the L beta' to the L alpha phase was two-state (no formation of intermediates apparent during the transition) to within the sensitivity limits of the method. The corresponding transit time (the time during which both phases coexist) associated with the long- and short-range order of the pressurization-induced L alpha-to-L beta' phase transition decreased to a limiting value of approximately 50 ms with increasing pressure jump amplitude. This limiting value was close to the response time of the detector/recording system. Thus, the intrinsic transit time of this transition in fully hydrated DHPE at 78 degrees C was less than or equal to 50 ms. In contrast, the depressurization-induced L beta'-to-L alpha phase transition was slower, taking approximately 1 s to complete, and occurred with no obvious dependence of the transit time on pressure jump amplitude. In the depressurization jump experiment, the lipid responded rapidly to the pressure jump in the L beta' phase up to the rate-determining L beta'-to-L alpha transition. Such behavior was examined carefully, as it could complicate the interpretation of phase transition kinetic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University Columbus 43210
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laggner
- Institute of Biophysics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz
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Chapter 1 Protein-lipid interactions and membrane heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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