1
|
Bharmoria P, Tietze AA, Mondal D, Kang TS, Kumar A, Freire MG. Do Ionic Liquids Exhibit the Required Characteristics to Dissolve, Extract, Stabilize, and Purify Proteins? Past-Present-Future Assessment. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3037-3084. [PMID: 38437627 PMCID: PMC10979405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are highly labile molecules, thus requiring the presence of appropriate solvents and excipients in their liquid milieu to keep their stability and biological activity. In this field, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained momentum in the past years, with a relevant number of works reporting their successful use to dissolve, stabilize, extract, and purify proteins. Different approaches in protein-IL systems have been reported, namely, proteins dissolved in (i) neat ILs, (ii) ILs as co-solvents, (iii) ILs as adjuvants, (iv) ILs as surfactants, (v) ILs as phase-forming components of aqueous biphasic systems, and (vi) IL-polymer-protein/peptide conjugates. Herein, we critically analyze the works published to date and provide a comprehensive understanding of the IL-protein interactions affecting the stability, conformational alteration, unfolding, misfolding, and refolding of proteins while providing directions for future studies in view of imminent applications. Overall, it has been found that the stability or purification of proteins by ILs is bispecific and depends on the structure of both the IL and the protein. The most promising IL-protein systems are identified, which is valuable when foreseeing market applications of ILs, e.g., in "protein packaging" and "detergent applications". Future directions and other possibilities of IL-protein systems in light-harvesting and biotechnology/biomedical applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bharmoria
- CICECO
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department
of Smart Molecular, Inorganic and Hybrid Materials, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular
and Translational Medicine, University of
Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alesia A. Tietze
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular
and Translational Medicine, University of
Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dibyendu Mondal
- CICECO
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute
of Plant Genetics (IPG), Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be
University), Jain Global
Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Tejwant Singh Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Center for Advance Studies-II,
Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Salt
and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Precipitant-Free Crystallization of Lysozyme and Glucose Isomerase by Drying. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystallization is usually conducted by using precipitants, although the “salting-out” phenomenon is still unclear and complex. Moreover, the addition of precipitants sometimes results in irreversible disordered precipitation of protein molecules. Although precipitant-free lysozyme crystals obtained by centrifugal concentration showed significant changes in three-dimensional structure compared to the structure of salted-out crystals, it was rather difficult to mount crystals from a viscous dense liquid phase after centrifugal concentration, and the quality of the crystals often deteriorated during the mounting process. Here we present novel precipitant-free crystallization methods, which were effective for lysozyme and glucose isomerase. Tetragonal lysozyme crystals were successfully crystallized in a glass capillary simply by drying highly concentrated lysozyme solution in the presence of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid without using any precipitants. Glucose isomerase dissolved in ultra-pure water was also successfully crystallized in hanging drops by drying highly concentrated solution under low-humidity conditions. Oscillation images of the obtained crystals were safely collected without handling; they clearly indicated the crystals had a tetragonal form for lysozyme and an orthorhombic form for glucose isomerase, and their lattice parameters are similar to those of previously reported crystals obtained by salting-out methods.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong MS, Lu AE, Bae J, Lee JM, Braatz RD. Droplet-Based Evaporative System for the Estimation of Protein Crystallization Kinetics. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:6064-6075. [PMID: 34759784 PMCID: PMC8569678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization is a potential cost-effective alternative to chromatography for the purification of biotherapeutic proteins. Crystallization kinetics are required for the design and control of such processes, but only a limited quantity of proteins is available during the initial stage of process development. This article describes the design of a droplet-based evaporative system for the evaluation of candidate crystallization conditions and the estimation of kinetics using only a droplet (on the order of μL) of protein solution. The temperature and humidity of air fed to a flow cell containing the droplet are controlled for evaporation and rehydration of the droplet, which are used for manipulating supersaturation. Dual-angle images of the droplet are taken and analyzed on-line to obtain the droplet volume and crystal sizes. Crystallization kinetics are estimated based on a first-principles process model and experimental data. Tight control of temperature and humidity of the air, fast and accurate image analysis, and accurate estimation of crystallization kinetics are experimentally demonstrated for a model protein lysozyme. The estimated kinetics are suitable for the model-based design and control of protein crystallization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moo Sun Hong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amos E. Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaehan Bae
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fahim A, Annunziata O. Effect of a Good buffer on the fate of metastable protein-rich droplets near physiological composition. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:519-527. [PMID: 34265335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastable protein-rich microdroplets are produced from liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein aqueous solutions. These globules can be intermediates for the formation of other protein-rich phases. Lysozyme aqueous solutions undergo LLPS around 0 °C in the presence of NaCl near physiological conditions. Here, it is shown that insertion of small amounts of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonate (HEPES, 0.1 M) as a second additive to lysozyme-NaCl-water solutions near physiological ionic strength (0.2 M) is an essential step for triggering conversion of protein-rich droplets into another phase. Specifically, LLPS induced by cooling reproducibly leads to a rapid and high-yield formation of compact tetragonal crystalline microparticles only in the presence of HEPES. These microcrystals exhibit small size (1-3 μm), narrow size distribution and guest-binding properties. The temperature-concentration phase diagram shows a characteristic topology with LLPS boundary metastable with respect to tetragonal microcrystals, which in turn become less stable than rod-shaped orthorhombic crystals above 40 °C. Interestingly, dynamic light scattering, hydrogen-ion titrations and isothermal titration calorimetry reveal that lysozyme-HEPES interactions were found to be weakly attractive and exothermic. Our findings indicate that additives of salting-in type can represent an important factor controlling the fate of metastable protein-rich microdroplets relevant to drug formulations, femtosecond crystallography, and potential implications in protein-driven cytoplasmic compartmentalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Fahim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2950 W. Bowie St., Sid Richardson Bldg. #438, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Onofrio Annunziata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2950 W. Bowie St., Sid Richardson Bldg. #438, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toledo e Silva SH, Bader-Mittermaier S, Silva LB, Doer G, Eisner P. Electrophoretic characterization, amino acid composition and solubility properties of Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata L.) kernel globulins. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
6
|
Pal A, Gope A, Athair AS, Iannacchione GS. A comparative study of the drying evolution and dried morphology of two globular proteins in de-ionized water solutions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16906-16916. [PMID: 35496925 PMCID: PMC9053175 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern formation in drying protein droplets continues to attract considerable research attention because it can be linked to specific protein-protein interactions. An extensive study of the drying evolution and the final crack patterns is presented, highlighting the concentration dependence (from 1 to 13 wt%) of two globular proteins, lysozyme (Lys) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), in de-ionized water. The drying evolution starts with a constant contact radius mode and shifts to a mixed mode where both fluid front and contact angle changes. The contact angle monotonically decreases, whereas, the fluid front exhibits two regimes: an initial linear regime and a later non-linear regime. Unlike the linear regime, the non-linear regime is faster for Lys droplets. This results in the formation of a "mound"-like structure in the central region. A new feature, a "dimple" is observed in this mound which is found to be dependent on the initial concentration. The different crack morphology of BSA and Lys depends strongly on the initial state of the solution and can be interpreted using a simple mechanical model. In fact, when dried under uniform conditions (surface, humidity, temperature, droplet diameter, etc.), the evolution and the final pattern displays as a fingerprint of the initial state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Pal
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
| | - Amalesh Gope
- Department of English, Tezpur University Tezpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Ari S Athair
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
| | - Germano S Iannacchione
- Department of Physics, Order-Disorder Phenomena Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Apparent protein cloud point temperature determination using a low volume high-throughput cryogenic device in combination with automated imaging. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:439-456. [PMID: 31754791 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Short-term parameters correlating to long-term protein stability, such as the protein cloud point temperature (Tcloud), are of interest to improve efficiency during protein product development. Such efficiency is reached if short-term parameters are obtained in a low volume and high-throughput (HT) manner. This study presents a low volume HT detection method for (sub-zero) Tcloud determination of lysozyme, as such an experimental method is not available yet. The setup consists of a cryogenic device with an automated imaging system. Measurement reproducibility (median absolute deviation of 0.2 °C) and literature-based parameter validation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.996) were shown by a robustness and validation study. The subsequent case study demonstrated a partial correlation between the obtained apparent Tcloud parameter and long-term protein stability as a function of lysozyme concentration, ion type, ionic strength, and freeze/thaw stress. The presented experimental setup demonstrates its ability to advance short-term strategies for efficient protein formulation development.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Yang J, Yao L, Qin F, Hou G, Chen B, Jin L, Deng J, Shen Y. Characterisation, physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolates from Amygdalus pedunculata Pall seeds. Food Chem 2019; 311:125888. [PMID: 31771911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amygdalus pedunculata Pall is a kind of desert woody oil plant, and its seeds are high in protein. The protein of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall (API) was identified by SDS-PAGE, 2-DE and MS. More than 300 proteins were identified. The improved solubility, emulsifying properties and foaming properties of API were observed in a pH range of 2.0-12.0 and a sodium chloride concentration of 0-1.0 M. The results showed that API had a good solubility (94.2%), bulk density (0.107 g/mL), oil absorption capacity (3.54 g/g), thermal stability (91.58 °C), emulsifying property (70 m2/g) and foaming property (83.7%). The conformation changes of API were studied by fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degree of denaturation of denaturants for API was guanidine hydrochloride > urea > SDS. These results showed that API has good processing performance and can be used as a new type of plant protein resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Juzhuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Fangling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Guofeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Lihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin W, Xie SX, Zhang J, Zhao D, He CX, Li HJ, Xing L, Li PQ, Jin X, Yin DC, Cao HL. An Analysis on Commercial Screening Kits and Chemical Components in Biomacromolecular Crystallization Screening. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Si-Xiao Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Lu Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Quan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders; Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Recovery of lysozyme from aqueous solution by polyelectrolyte precipitation with sodium alginate. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Klijn ME, Hubbuch J. Correlating multidimensional short-term empirical protein properties to long-term protein physical stability data via empirical phase diagrams. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:166-174. [PMID: 30769132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of long-term stable biopharmaceutical formulations is essential for biopharmaceutical product development. Reduction of the number of long-term storage experiments and a well-defined formulation search space requires knowledge-based formulation screenings and a detailed protein phase behavior understanding. To achieve this, short-term analytical techniques can serve as predictors for long-term protein phase behavior. Protein phase behavior studies that investigate this concept commonly display shortcomings such as limited and small datasets, sample adjustments, or simplistic data analysis. To overcome these shortcomings, 150 unique lysozyme solutions were analyzed using six different short-term analytical techniques. Lysozyme's structural properties, conformational stability, colloidal stability, surface charge, and surface hydrophobicity were obtained directly after formulation preparation. Employing the empirical phase diagram method, this short-term data was correlated to long-term physical stability data obtained during 40 days of storage. Short-term protein properties showed partial correlation to long-term phase behavior. Structural differences, changing surface properties, colloidal stability, and conformation stability as a function of formulation conditions were observed. This study contributes to long-term protein phase behavior research by presenting a systematic, data-dependent, and multidimensional data evaluation workflow to create a comprehensive overview of short-term protein analytics in relation to long-term protein phase behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E Klijn
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Klijn ME, Hubbuch J. Application of Empirical Phase Diagrams for Multidimensional Data Visualization of High-Throughput Microbatch Crystallization Experiments. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2063-2069. [PMID: 29709489 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein phase diagrams are a tool to investigate the cause and consequence of solution conditions on protein phase behavior. The effects are scored according to aggregation morphologies such as crystals or amorphous precipitates. Solution conditions affect morphologic features, such as crystal size, as well as kinetic features, such as crystal growth time. Commonly used data visualization techniques include individual line graphs or phase diagrams based on symbols. These techniques have limitations in terms of handling large data sets, comprehensiveness or completeness. To eliminate these limitations, morphologic and kinetic features obtained from crystallization images generated with high throughput microbatch experiments have been visualized with radar charts in combination with the empirical phase diagram method. Morphologic features (crystal size, shape, and number, as well as precipitate size) and kinetic features (crystal and precipitate onset and growth time) are extracted for 768 solutions with varying chicken egg white lysozyme concentration, salt type, ionic strength, and pH. Image-based aggregation morphology and kinetic features were compiled into a single and easily interpretable figure, thereby showing that the empirical phase diagram method can support high-throughput crystallization experiments in its data amount as well as its data complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E Klijn
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Liu T, Lu C, Dang L. Manipulating crystallization in lysozyme and supramolecular self-arrangement in solution using ionic liquids. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It was found that ILs exerted impact on intermolecular interactions for lysozyme in solution and brought about distinct evolution in secondary structures of supermolecules during self-assembly in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankuo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Leping Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Niyangoda C, Miti T, Breydo L, Uversky V, Muschol M. Carbonyl-based blue autofluorescence of proteins and amino acids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176983. [PMID: 28542206 PMCID: PMC5444599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic protein fluorescence is inextricably linked to the near-UV autofluorescence of aromatic amino acids. Here we show that a novel deep-blue autofluorescence (dbAF), previously thought to emerge as a result of protein aggregation, is present at the level of monomeric proteins and even poly- and single amino acids. Just as its aggregation-related counterpart, this autofluorescence does not depend on aromatic residues, can be excited at the long wavelength edge of the UV and emits in the deep blue. Differences in dbAF excitation and emission peaks and intensities from proteins and single amino acids upon changes in solution conditions suggest dbAF’s sensitivity to both the chemical identity and solution environment of amino acids. Autofluorescence comparable to dbAF is emitted by carbonyl-containing organic solvents, but not those lacking the carbonyl group. This implicates the carbonyl double bonds as the likely source for the autofluorescence in all these compounds. Using beta-lactoglobulin and proline, we have measured the molar extinction coefficients and quantum yields for dbAF in the monomeric state. To establish its potential utility in monitoring protein biophysics, we show that dbAF emission undergoes a red-shift comparable in magnitude to tryptophan upon thermal denaturation of lysozyme, and that it is sensitive to quenching by acrylamide. Carbonyl dbAF therefore provides a previously neglected intrinsic optical probe for investigating the structure and dynamics of amino acids, proteins and, by extension, DNA and RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chamani Niyangoda
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Miti
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martin Muschol
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yano YF, Kobayashi Y, Ina T, Nitta K, Uruga T. Hofmeister Anion Effects on Protein Adsorption at an Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9892-9898. [PMID: 27575543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hofmeister anion effects on adsorption kinetics of the positively charged lysozyme (pH < pI) at an air-water interface were studied by surface tension measurements and time-resolved X-ray reflectometry. In the salt-free solution, the protein adsorption rate increases with decreasing the net positive charge of lysozyme. When salt ions are dissolved in water, the protein adsorption rate drastically increases, and the rate is following an inverse Hoffmeister series (Br(-) > Cl(-) > F(-)). This is the result of the strongly polarized halide anion Br(-) being attracted to the adsorbed protein layer due to strong interaction with local electric field, while weakly polarized anion F(-) having no ability to penetrate the protein layer. In X-ray reflection studies, we observed that the lysozyme molecules initially adsorbed on the air-water interface have a flat unfolded structure as previously reported in the salt-free solution. In contrast, in the concentrated salt solutions, the lysozyme molecules begin to refold during adsorption. This protein refolding as a result of protein-protein rearrangements may be a precursor phenomenon of crystallization. The refolding is most significant for Cl(-), which is a good crystallization agent, whereas it is less observed for the strongly hydrated F(-). It is widely known in the bulk state that kosmotropic anions tend to precipitate proteins but at the same time stabilize proteins against denaturing. On the other hand, at the air-water interface where adsorbed proteins usually unfold, we observed chaotropic anions strongly bound to proteins that reduce electrostatic repulsion between protein molecules, and subsequently they induce protein refolding whereas the kosmotropic anions do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohko F Yano
- Department of Physics, Kindai University , 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Kindai University , 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ina
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cyo, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Nitta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cyo, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uruga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cyo, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pasquier C, Beaufils S, Bouchoux A, Rigault S, Cabane B, Lund M, Lechevalier V, Le Floch-Fouéré C, Pasco M, Pabœuf G, Pérez J, Pezennec S. Osmotic pressures of lysozyme solutions from gas-like to crystal states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28458-28465. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic pressures of lysozyme solutions at concentrations up to 850 g L−1 show three regimes and a clear influence of ionic strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Cabane
- Laboratoire CBI
- CNRS UMR 8231
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Université Diderot
- ESPCI
| | - Mikael Lund
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galm L, Morgenstern J, Hubbuch J. Manipulation of lysozyme phase behavior by additives as function of conformational stability. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:370-80. [PMID: 26302861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Undesired protein aggregation in general and non-native protein aggregation in particular need to be inhibited during bio-pharmaceutical processing to ensure patient safety and to maintain product activity. In this work the potency of different additives, namely glycerol, PEG 1000, and glycine, to prevent lysozyme aggregation and selectively manipulate lysozyme phase behavior was investigated. The results revealed a strong pH dependency of the additive impact on lysozyme phase behavior, lysozyme solubility, crystal size and morphology. This work aims to link this pH dependent impact to a protein-specific parameter, the conformational stability of lysozyme. At pH 3 the addition of 10% (w/v) glycerol, 10% (w/v) PEG 1000, and 1 M glycine stabilized or destabilized lysozymes' native conformation resulting in a modified size of the crystallization area without influencing lysozyme solubility, crystal size and morphology. Addition of 1 M glycine even promoted non-native aggregation at pH 3 whereas addition of PEG 1000 completely inhibited non-native aggregation. At pH 5 the addition of 10% (w/v) glycerol, 10% (w/v) PEG 1000, and 1 M glycine did not influence lysozymes' native conformation, but strongly influenced the position of the crystallization area, lysozyme solubility, crystal size and morphology. The observed pH dependent impact of the additives could be linked to a differing lysozyme conformational stability in the binary systems without additives at pH 3 and pH 5. However, in any case lysozyme phase behavior could selectively be manipulated by addition of glycerol, PEG 1000 and glycine. Furthermore, at pH 5 crystal size and morphology could selectively be manipulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Galm
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Josefine Morgenstern
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quigley A, Williams DR. The second virial coefficient as a predictor of protein aggregation propensity: A self-interaction chromatography study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:282-90. [PMID: 26259782 PMCID: PMC4644993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The second osmotic virial coefficients (b2) of four proteins – lysozyme, recombinant human lactoferrin, concanavalin A and catalase were measured by self-interaction chromatography (SIC) in solutions of varying salt type, concentration and pH. Protein aggregate sizes based on the initial hydrodynamic radius of the protein solution species present were measured using dynamic light scattering, and the relationship between b2 and protein aggregate size was studied. A linear correlation was established between b2 values and protein aggregate hydrodynamic size for all proteins, and for almost all solution conditions. Aggregate sizes of <∼10 nm, indicative of non-aggregated protein systems, were consistently observed to have b2 values >0. The observed b2 trends as a function of solution conditions were very much protein dependent, with notable trends including the existence of attractive interactions (negative b2 values) at low ionic strengths for catalase and concanavalin A, and the highly positive b2 values observed for lactoferrin over a wide range of solution conditions, reflecting lactoferrin’s innately high stability. It is concluded that the quantification of protein–protein interactions using SIC based b2 data is a potentially valuable screening tool for predicting protein aggregation propensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Quigley
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BY, UK
| | - D R Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fujiwara T, Suzuki Y, Yoshizaki I, Tsukamoto K, Murayama K, Fukuyama S, Hosokawa K, Oshi K, Ito D, Yamazaki T, Tachibana M, Miura H. Correction of the equilibrium temperature caused by slight evaporation of water in protein crystal growth cells during long-term space experiments at International Space Station. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:083704. [PMID: 26329200 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The normal growth rates of the {110} faces of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme crystals, R, were measured as a function of the supersaturation σ parameter using a reflection type interferometer under μG at the International Space Station (NanoStep Project). Since water slightly evaporated from in situ observation cells during a long-term space station experiment for several months, equilibrium temperature T(e) changed, and the actual σ, however, significantly increased mainly due to the increase in salt concentration C(s). To correct σ, the actual C(s) and protein concentration C(p), which correctly represent the measured T(e) value in space, were first calculated. Second, a new solubility curve with the corrected C(s) was plotted. Finally, the revised σ was obtained from the new solubility curve. This correction method successfully revealed that the 2.8% water was evaporated from the solution, leading to 2.8% increase in the C(s) and C(p) of the solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Fujiwara
- Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suzuki
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshizaki
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuo Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8570, Japan
| | - Kenta Murayama
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8570, Japan
| | - Seijiro Fukuyama
- Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Mitsui Bldg., 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Kouhei Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oshi
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8570, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8570, Japan
| | - Masaru Tachibana
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miura
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huettmann H, Zich S, Berkemeyer M, Buchinger W, Jungbauer A. Design of industrial crystallization of interferon gamma: Phase diagrams and solubility curves. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
21
|
Hekmat D. Large-scale crystallization of proteins for purification and formulation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1209-31. [PMID: 25700885 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since about 170 years, salts were used to create supersaturated solutions and crystallize proteins. The dehydrating effect of salts as well as their kosmotropic or chaotropic character was revealed. Even the suitability of organic solvents for crystallization was already recognized. Interestingly, what was performed during the early times is still practiced today. A lot of effort was put into understanding the underlying physico-chemical interaction mechanisms leading to protein crystallization. However, it was understood that already the solvation of proteins is a highly complex process not to mention the intricate interrelation of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions taking place. Although many basic questions are still unanswered, preparative protein crystallization was attempted as illustrated in the presented case studies. Due to the highly variable nature of crystallization, individual design of the crystallization process is needed in every single case. It was shown that preparative crystallization from impure protein solutions as a capture step is possible after applying adequate pre-treatment procedures like precipitation or extraction. Protein crystallization can replace one or more chromatography steps. It was further shown that crystallization can serve as an attractive alternative means for formulation of therapeutic proteins. Crystalline proteins can offer enhanced purity and enable highly concentrated doses of the active ingredient. Easy scalability of the proposed protein crystallization processes was shown using the maximum local energy dissipation as a suitable scale-up criterion. Molecular modeling and target-oriented protein engineering may allow protein crystallization to become part of a platform purification process in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusch Hekmat
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bénas P, Auzeil N, Legrand L, Brachet F, Regazzetti A, Riès-Kautt M. Weak protein-cationic co-ion interactions addressed by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:2217-31. [PMID: 25084340 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714011304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of Rb(+), Cs(+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Yb(3+) onto the positively charged hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) has been investigated by solving 13 X-ray structures of HEWL crystallized with their chlorides and by applying electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) first to dissolved protein crystals and then to the protein in buffered salt solutions. The number of bound cations follows the order Cs(+) < Mn(2+) ≃ Co(2+) < Yb(3+) at 293 K. HEWL binds less Rb(+) (qtot = 0.7) than Cs(+) (qtot = 3.9) at 100 K. Crystal flash-cooling drastically increases the binding of Cs(+), but poorly affects that of Yb(3+), suggesting different interactions. The addition of glycerol increases the number of bound Yb(3+) cations, but only slightly increases that of Rb(+). HEWL titrations with the same chlorides, followed by ESI-MS analysis, show that only about 10% of HEWL binds Cs(+) and about 40% binds 1-2 Yb(3+) cations, while the highest binding reaches 60-70% for protein binding 1-3 Mn(2+) or Co(2+) cations. The binding sites identified by X-ray crystallography show that the monovalent Rb(+) and Cs(+) preferentially bind to carbonyl groups, whereas the multivalent Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Yb(3+) interact with carboxylic groups. This work elucidates the basis of the effect of the Hofmeister cation series on protein solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bénas
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8015 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire EA 4463, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
| | - Laurent Legrand
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), UMR 7588 CNRS/UPMC (Université Paris 6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Franck Brachet
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8015 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire EA 4463, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
| | - Madeleine Riès-Kautt
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8015 CNRS, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berg A, Schuetz M, Dismer F, Hubbuch J. Automated measurement of apparent protein solubility to rapidly assess complex parameter interactions. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Giegé R. A historical perspective on protein crystallization from 1840 to the present day. FEBS J 2013; 280:6456-97. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Université de Strasourg et CNRS; France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kurut A, Lund M. Solution electrostatics beyond pH: a coarse grained approach to ion specific interactions between macromolecules. Faraday Discuss 2013; 160:271-8; discussion 311-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
Maosoongnern S, Diaz Borbon V, Flood AE, Ulrich J. Introducing a Fast Method to Determine the Solubility and Metastable Zone Width for Proteins: Case Study Lysozyme. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Maosoongnern
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand
| | - Viviana Diaz Borbon
- Martin-Luther-Universitität Halle-Wittenberg, Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften,
Verfahrenstechnik/TVT, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Adrian E. Flood
- School of
Chemical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand
| | - Joachim Ulrich
- Martin-Luther-Universitität Halle-Wittenberg, Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften,
Verfahrenstechnik/TVT, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yigit C, Welsch N, Ballauff M, Dzubiella J. Protein sorption to charged microgels: characterizing binding isotherms and driving forces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14373-14385. [PMID: 22989142 DOI: 10.1021/la303292z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a set of Langmuir binding models in which electrostatic cooperativity effects to protein sorption is incorporated in the spirit of Guoy-Chapman-Stern models, where the global substrate (microgel) charge state is modified by bound reactants (charged proteins). Application of this approach to lysozyme sorption to oppositely charged core-shell microgels allows us to extract the intrinsic, binding affinity of the protein to the gel, which is salt concentration independent and mostly hydrophobic in nature. The total binding affinity is found to be mainly electrostatic in nature, changes many orders of magnitude during the sorption process, and is significantly influenced by osmotic deswelling effects. The intrinsic binding affinity is determined to be about 7 k(B)T for our system. We additionally show that Langmuir binding models and those based on excluded-volume interactions are formally equivalent for low to moderate protein packing, if the nature of the bound state is consistently defined. Having appreciated this, a more quantitative interpretation of binding isotherms in terms of separate physical interactions is possible in the future for a wide variety of experimental approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Yigit
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gorr HM, Zueger JM, McAdams DR, Barnard JA. Salt-induced pattern formation in evaporating droplets of lysozyme solutions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012. [PMID: 23201720 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solute self-organization during evaporation of colloidal sessile droplets has attracted the attention of researchers over the past few decades due to a variety of technological applications. Recently, pattern formation during evaporation of various biofluids has been studied due to potential applications in screening and diagnosis. The complex morphological patterns in the deposit are unique to various disorders and are influenced by various physical mechanisms occurring during evaporation. These complex patterns can be better understood by studying evaporation of model solutions of biological relevance. Here, we examine the general features of pattern formation during sessile droplet evaporation of aqueous lysozyme solutions with varying concentrations of NaCl. Lysozyme is a globular protein found in biological fluids such as tears and saliva. The morphological evolution of the droplet is studied by time-lapse video during evaporation via reflection optical microscopy. The final deposits exhibit an amorphous peripheral ring and interior regions containing crystallites and dendritic forms, dependent on NaCl concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate the multi-scale hierarchical nature of these structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Meloy Gorr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gorr HM, Zueger JM, Barnard JA. Characteristic size for onset of coffee-ring effect in evaporating lysozyme-water solution droplets. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12213-20. [PMID: 22998072 DOI: 10.1021/jp307933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid droplets containing suspended particles deposited on a solid surface often form a ring-like structure due to the redistribution of solute during evaporation, a phenomenon known as the "coffee ring effect". The complex patterns left on the substrate after evaporation are characteristic of the nature of the solute and the particle transport mechanisms. In this study, the morphological evolution and conditions for coffee ring formation for simplified model biological solutions of DI water and lysozyme are examined by AFM and optical microscopy. Lysozyme is a globular protein found in high concentration, for example, in human tears and saliva. The drop diameters studied are very small, ranging from 1 to 50 μm. In this size range, protein motion and the resulting dried residue morphology are highly influenced by the decreased evaporation time of the drop. In this work, we consider the effect of droplet size and concentration on the morphology of the deposited drop as well as the minimal conditions for coffee ring formation in this system. Two distinct deposit types are observed: a simple cap-shaped deposit for drops with small diameters and a ring-like deposit at larger diameters. Ring formation occurs at a critical diameter, which depends systematically on initial lysozyme concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Meloy Gorr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang L, Zhang J. Specific Ion–Protein Interactions Dictate Solubility Behavior of a Monoclonal Antibody at Low Salt Concentrations. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2582-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Analytical
and Formulation Sciences,
Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799,
United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Analytical
and Formulation Sciences,
Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rozhkov S, Goryunov А. Salt induced thermodynamic instability, concentration heterogeneity and phase transitions in lysozyme solutions. Biophys Chem 2012; 170:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Gbadamosi SO, Abiose SH, Aluko RE. Amino acid profile, protein digestibility, thermal and functional properties of Conophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) defatted flour, protein concentrate and isolates. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang L, Tan H, Matthew Fesinmeyer R, Li C, Catrone D, Le D, Remmele RL, Zhang J. Antibody Solubility Behavior in Monovalent Salt Solutions Reveals Specific Anion Effects at Low Ionic Strength. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:965-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Voets IK, Trappe V, Schurtenberger P. Generic pathways to stability in concentrated protein mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2929-33. [PMID: 22261790 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a series of experimental results that disclose the crucial role of ionic strength and partial volume fractions in the control of the phase behaviour of binary protein mixtures. Our findings can be understood as that the ionic strength determines the relative contribution of the entropy of the protein counter-ions to the overall thermodynamics of the system. Associative phase separation and crystallization observed at, respectively, low and high ionic strength are suppressed at intermediate salt concentrations, where the entropy gain upon releasing the counter-ions from the double layer of the proteins is negligible and the entropy loss upon confining the counter-ions within the protein crystal phase significant. Moreover, we find that the partial volume fraction of the protein prone to crystallize determines the crystallization boundary and that the presence of other proteins strongly delays crystallization, leading to temporarily stable mixtures. These findings suggest that stability in more complex protein mixtures, such as the cytosol, relates to the ionic strength and protein composition rather than to protein specific properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bowes BD, Traylor SJ, Timmick SM, Czymmek KJ, Lenhoff AM. Insights into Protein Sorption and Desorption on Dextran-Modified Ion-Exchange Media. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Mason BD, Zhang L, Remmele RL, Zhang J. Opalescence of an IgG2 monoclonal antibody solution as it relates to liquid–liquid phase separation. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4587-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
37
|
Choi YS, Kang DG, Lim S, Yang YJ, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Recombinant mussel adhesive protein fp-5 (MAP fp-5) as a bulk bioadhesive and surface coating material. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:729-737. [PMID: 21770718 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.600830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) attach to all types of inorganic and organic surfaces, even in wet environments. MAP of type 5 (fp-5), in particular, has been considered as a key adhesive material. However, the low availability of fp-5 has hampered its biochemical characterization and practical applications. Here, soluble recombinant fp-5 is mass-produced in Escherichia coli. Tyrosinase-modified recombinant fp-5 showed ∼1.11 MPa adhesive shear strength, which is the first report of a bulk-scale adhesive force measurement for purified recombinant of natural MAP type. Surface coatings were also performed through simple dip-coating of various objects. In addition, complex coacervate using recombinant fp-5 and hyaluronic acid was prepared as an efficient adhesive formulation, which greatly improved the bulk adhesive strength. Collectively, it is expected that this work will enhance basic understanding of mussel adhesion and that recombinant fp-5 can be successfully used as a realistic bulk-scale bioadhesive and an efficient surface coating material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Giffard M, Ferté N, Ragot F, El Hajji M, Castro B, Bonneté F. Urate oxidase purification by salting-in crystallization: towards an alternative to chromatography. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19013. [PMID: 21589929 PMCID: PMC3092763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rasburicase (Fasturtec® or Elitek®, Sanofi-Aventis), the recombinant form of urate oxidase from Aspergillus flavus, is a therapeutic enzyme used to prevent or decrease the high levels of uric acid in blood that can occur as a result of chemotherapy. It is produced by Sanofi-Aventis and currently purified via several standard steps of chromatography. This work explores the feasibility of replacing one or more chromatography steps in the downstream process by a crystallization step. It compares the efficacy of two crystallization techniques that have proven successful on pure urate oxidase, testing them on impure urate oxidase solutions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we investigate the possibility of purifying urate oxidase directly by crystallization from the fermentation broth. Based on attractive interaction potentials which are known to drive urate oxidase crystallization, two crystallization routes are compared: a) by increased polymer concentration, which induces a depletion attraction and b) by decreased salt concentration, which induces attractive interactions via a salting-in effect. We observe that adding polymer, a very efficient way to crystallize pure urate oxidase through the depletion effect, is not an efficient way to grow crystals from impure solution. On the other hand, we show that dialysis, which decreases salt concentration through its strong salting-in effect, makes purification of urate oxidase from the fermentation broth possible. CONCLUSIONS The aim of this study is to compare purification efficacy of two crystallization methods. Our findings show that crystallization of urate oxidase from the fermentation broth provides purity comparable to what can be achieved with one chromatography step. This suggests that, in the case of urate oxidase, crystallization could be implemented not only for polishing or concentration during the last steps of purification, but also as an initial capture step, with minimal changes to the current process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Giffard
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UPR3118 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Natalie Ferté
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UPR3118 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François Ragot
- Biotechnology Department, Sanofi-Aventis, Aramon, France
| | - Mohamed El Hajji
- Analytical Sciences Department, Sanofi-Aventis Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Castro
- Analytical Sciences Department, Sanofi-Aventis Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Bonneté
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UPR3118 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mason BD, Zhang-van Enk J, Zhang L, Remmele RL, Zhang J. Liquid-liquid phase separation of a monoclonal antibody and nonmonotonic influence of Hofmeister anions. Biophys J 2011; 99:3792-800. [PMID: 21112304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation was studied for a monoclonal antibody in the monovalent salt solutions of KF, KCl, and KSCN under different pH conditions. A modified Carnahan-Starling hard-sphere model was utilized to fit the experimental data, establish the liquid-liquid coexistence curve, and determine antibody-antibody interactions in the form of T(c) (critical temperature) under the different solution conditions. The liquid-liquid phase separation revealed the complex relationships between antibody-antibody interactions and different solution conditions, such as pH, ionic strength, and the type of anion. At pH 7.1, close to the pI of the antibody, a decrease of T(c) versus ionic strength was observed at low salt conditions, suggesting that the protein-protein interactions became less attractive. At a pH value below the pI of the antibody, a nonmonotonic relationship of T(c) versus ionic strength was apparent: initially as the ionic strength increased, protein-protein interactions became more attractive with the effectiveness of the anions following the inverse Hofmeister series; then the interactions became less attractive following the direct Hofmeister series. This nonmonotonic relationship may be explained by combining the charge neutralization by the anions, perhaps with the ion-correlation force for polarizable anions, and their preferential interactions with the antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Mason
- Department of Analytical and Formulation Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Rozhkov SP, Goryunov AS. Thermodynamic study of protein phases formation and clustering in model water–protein–salt solutions. Biophys Chem 2010; 151:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
The solubility of hen lysozyme in ethylammonium nitrate/H2O mixtures and a novel approach to protein crystallization. Molecules 2010; 15:793-803. [PMID: 20335946 PMCID: PMC6257119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the solubility of hen lysozyme (HEWL) in aqueous ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) as a function of water content. We find the solubility behavior to be complex, exhibiting both a maximum (400 mg/mL) at very high EAN content) and a minimum at intermediate EAN content. We exploit this solubility profile in a novel approach to generating crystals of hydrophilic proteins, based on rehydration of a high concentration protein solution. We describe the production of crystals of X-ray diffraction quality. Two related ionic liquid solvent systems, with the same solubility profiles but different effective pH characteristics, are identified for future evaluation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rozhkov SP. An analysis of the applicability of the sechenov equation to the system lysozyme-aqueous solution of NaCl. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410090153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
44
|
Wiendahl M, Völker C, Husemann I, Krarup J, Staby A, Scholl S, Hubbuch J. A novel method to evaluate protein solubility using a high throughput screening approach. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
45
|
Le Brun V, Friess W, Schultz-Fademrecht T, Muehlau S, Garidel P. Lysozyme-lysozyme self-interactions as assessed by the osmotic second virial coefficient: Impact for physical protein stabilization. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1305-19. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
Song J. Insight into "insoluble proteins" with pure water. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:953-9. [PMID: 19233178 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are not refoldable and also insoluble. Previously no general method was available to solubilize them and consequently their structural properties remained unknown. Surprisingly, we recently discovered that all insoluble proteins in our laboratory, which are highly diverse, can be solubilized in pure water. Structural characterization by CD and NMR led to their classification into three groups, all of which appear trapped in the highly disordered or partially-folded states with a substantial exposure of hydrophobic side chains. In this review, I discuss our results in a wide context and subsequently propose a model to rationalize the discovery. The potential applications are also explored in studying protein folding, design and membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Trevino SR, Scholtz J, Pace C. Measuring and Increasing Protein Solubility. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4155-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
48
|
Anion Binding Mediated Precipitation of a Peptibody. Pharm Res 2008; 26:152-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
49
|
Dumetz AC, Chockla AM, Kaler EW, Lenhoff AM. Effects of pH on protein–protein interactions and implications for protein phase behavior. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:600-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Dumetz AC, Snellinger-O'brien AM, Kaler EW, Lenhoff AM. Patterns of protein protein interactions in salt solutions and implications for protein crystallization. Protein Sci 2007; 16:1867-77. [PMID: 17766383 PMCID: PMC2206983 DOI: 10.1110/ps.072957907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The second osmotic virial coefficients of seven proteins-ovalbumin, ribonuclease A, bovine serum albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, myoglobin, cytochrome c, and catalase-were measured in salt solutions. Comparison of the interaction trends in terms of the dimensionless second virial coefficient b(2) shows that, at low salt concentrations, protein-protein interactions can be either attractive or repulsive, possibly due to the anisotropy of the protein charge distribution. At high salt concentrations, the behavior depends on the salt: In sodium chloride, protein interactions generally show little salt dependence up to very high salt concentrations, whereas in ammonium sulfate, proteins show a sharp drop in b(2) with increasing salt concentration beyond a particular threshold. The experimental phase behavior of the proteins corroborates these observations in that precipitation always follows the drop in b(2). When the proteins crystallize, they do so at slightly lower salt concentrations than seen for precipitation. The b(2) measurements were extended to other salts for ovalbumin and catalase. The trends follow the Hofmeister series, and the effect of the salt can be interpreted as a water-mediated effect between the protein and salt molecules. The b(2) trends quantify protein-protein interactions and provide some understanding of the corresponding phase behavior. The results explain both why ammonium sulfate is among the best crystallization agents, as well as some of the difficulties that can be encountered in protein crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C Dumetz
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|