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Jiang S, Jia Y, Gao Z. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes apoptosis and oxidative stress of human lens epithelial cells through epigenetic regulation of WRN. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:I-X. [PMID: 35179402 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2026975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 is fundamental to age-related cataract (ARC), whereas the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we explored the possible mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in ARC. METHODS The expression of KCNQ1OT1 in ARC patients and H2O2-treated human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 was detected. Gene and protein expression were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. The relationship among KCNQ1OT1, G9a, H3K9me1/2 and WRN was verified by RNA pull down and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS KCNQ1OT1 was up-regulated in the anterior lens capsule tissues of ARC patients and H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. KCNQ1OT1 overexpression suppressed cell viability and facilitated apoptosis in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. KCNQ1OT1 up-regulation enhanced the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. WRN up-regulation led to a result opposite to KCNQ1OT1 overexpression. The influence of WRN up-regulation on cell viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress of SRA01/04 cells was rescued by KCNQ1OT1 overexpression. Additionally, KCNQ1OT1 interacted with G9a. Both G9a and H3K9me1/2 interacted with WRN promoter. G9a deficiency significantly enhanced WRN expression and repressed H3K9me1/2 expression in SRA01/04 cells, which was abrogated by KCNQ1OT1 up-regulation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress of human LECs through G9a-driven epigenetic regulation of WRN. This work highlights a novel lncRNA involving key regulators of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No.287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanwen Jia
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 29 Xianglong Lane, Changzhou 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No.287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
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Bloom's syndrome: Why not premature aging?: A comparison of the BLM and WRN helicases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:36-51. [PMID: 27238185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and aging. Premature aging (progeroid) syndromes are often caused by mutations in genes whose function is to ensure genomic integrity. The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved and plays crucial roles as genome caretakers. In humans, mutations in three RecQ genes - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - give rise to Bloom's syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS), and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. WS is a prototypic premature aging disorder; however, the clinical features present in BS and RTS do not indicate accelerated aging. The BLM helicase has pivotal functions at the crossroads of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. BS cells exhibit a characteristic form of genomic instability that includes excessive homologous recombination. The excessive homologous recombination drives the development in BS of the many types of cancers that affect persons in the normal population. Replication delay and slower cell turnover rates have been proposed to explain many features of BS, such as short stature. More recently, aberrant transcriptional regulation of growth and survival genes has been proposed as a hypothesis to explain features of BS.
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Epigenetic Regulation of Werner Syndrome Gene in Age-Related Cataract. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:579695. [PMID: 26509079 PMCID: PMC4609838 DOI: 10.1155/2015/579695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To examine the promoter methylation and histone modification of WRN (Werner syndrome gene), a DNA repair gene, and their relationship with the gene expression in age-related cataract (ARC) lens. Methods. We collected the lenses after cataract surgery from 117ARC patients and 39 age-matched non-ARC. WRN expression, DNA methylation and histone modification around the CpG island were assessed. The methylation status of Human-lens-epithelium cell (HLEB-3) was chemically altered to observe the relationship between methylation and expression of WRN. Results. The WRN expression was significantly decreased in the ARC anterior lens capsules comparing with the control. The CpG island of WRN promoter in the ARC anterior lens capsules displayed hypermethylation comparing with the controls. The WRN promoter was almost fully methylated in the cortex of ARC and control lens. Acetylated H3 was lower while methylated H3-K9 was higher in ARC anterior lens capsules than that of the controls. The expression of WRN in HLEB-3 increased after demethylation of the cells. Conclusions. A hypermethylation in WRN promoter and altered histone modification in anterior lens capsules might contribute to the ARC mechanism. The data suggest an association of altered DNA repair capability in lens with ARC pathogenesis.
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Guo H, Bassig BA, Lan Q, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Boyle P, Qin Q, Zhu C, Li N, Rothman N, Zheng T. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, hair dye use, and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1261-70. [PMID: 25178586 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and hair dye use may both have a role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We aimed to examine the interaction between variants in DNA repair genes and hair dye use with risk of NHL in a population-based case-control study of Connecticut women. METHODS We examined 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16 DNA repair genes among 518 NHL cases and 597 controls and evaluated the associations between hair dye use and risk of overall NHL and common NHL subtypes, stratified by genotype, using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Women who used hair dye before 1980 had a significantly increased risk of NHL, particularly for the follicular lymphoma (FL) subtype, but not for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The following genotypes in combination with hair dye use before 1980 were associated with FL risk: BRCA2 rs144848 AC+CC [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 3.28(1.27-8.50)], WRN rs1346044 TT [OR(95% CI) 2.70(1.30-5.65)], XRCC3 rs861539 CT+TT [OR(95% CI) 2.76(1.32-5.77)], XRCC4 rs1805377 GG [OR(95% CI) 2.07(1.10-3.90)] and rs1056503 TT [OR(95% CI) 2.17(1.16-4.07)], ERCC1 rs3212961 CC [OR(95% CI) 1.93(1.00-3.72)], RAD23B rs1805329 CC [OR(95% CI) 2.28(1.12-4.64)], and MGMT rs12917 CC, rs2308321 AA, and rs2308327 AA genotypes [OR(95% CI) 1.96(1.06-3.63), 2.02(1.09-3.75), and 2.23(1.16-4.29), respectively]. In addition, a significant interaction with risk of overall NHL was observed between WRN rs1346044 and hair dye use before 1980 (p(interaction) = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that genetic variation in DNA repair genes modifies susceptibility to NHL in relation to hair dye use, particularly for the FL subtype and in women who began using hair dye before 1980. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Oshitari T, Kitahashi M, Mizuno S, Baba T, Kubota-Taniai M, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Yamamoto S, Roy S. Werner syndrome with refractory cystoid macular edema and immunohistochemical analysis of WRN proteins in human retinas. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:31. [PMID: 24620826 PMCID: PMC3995689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To present our findings in a case of Werner syndrome with refractory cystoid macular edema (CME) and to determine the expression and the distribution of WRN proteins in human retinas. Case presentation A 35-year-old man with Werner syndrome who developed CME after YAG laser treatment was studied. Optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans were used to examine the CME in the right eye. The patient received topical eye drops (0.1% bromfenac sodium hydrate twice daily and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride thrice daily), sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection thrice, intravitreal bevacizumab injection twice, and pars plana vitrectomy of the right eye. Genetic analyses were performed to diagnose the disease. To examine the expression and distribution of WRN proteins in the retinas, immunohistochemistry for WRN proteins was performed in human retinas. The CME in the right eye was not improved by any of the treatments. During the follow-up period, CME developed in the left eye. Genetic analyses detected compound heterozygosity, Mut4 and Mut11, in the WRN gene and the individual was diagnosed with Werner syndrome. Immunohistochemical analysis of WRN proteins expression in human retinas showed that WRN proteins were expressed in the parts of the Müller cells in the inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer. Conclusion Patients with Werner syndrome can develop severe CME after laser treatment. A pathological link may exist between mutations in the WRN gene and the development of CME in patients with Werner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Oshitari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan.
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Jiang S, Hu N, Zhou J, Zhang J, Gao R, Hu J, Guan H. Polymorphisms of the WRN gene and DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes in age-related cataract in a Han Chinese population. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2435-2444. [PMID: 23334603 PMCID: PMC3824989 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is caused by mutations in the DNA repair Werner helicase (WRN) gene and characterized by accelerated aging including cataracts. Age-related cataract (ARC) cases (N = 504) and controls (N = 244) were recruited from a population-based study to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of WRN and another DNA repair gene (human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1) with ARC. Among the five SNPs tested, only WRN rs1346044 was found to be significantly associated between cases and controls before multiple-testing adjustment. The minor C allele of rs1346044 was associated with ARC with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.66, suggesting a protective role of the C allele for developing ARC. The stratification analysis on the subtypes of ARC showed that rs1346044 was significantly associated with cortical cataract, but not with nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and mixed types after multiple-testing adjustment (OR = 0.51, p< 0.01). The genetic model analysis showed that the results fit the dominant model (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001). The comet assay used to assess the extent of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of ARC cases found that the DNA damage in lymphocytes from patients with CC genotype was significantly less than that in patients with TT genotype. We concluded that the C allele of rs1346044, a non-synonymous SNP resulting in the conversion of Cys to Arg at amino acid position 1367 of WRN, alters susceptibility to ARC, especially the cortical type of the disease, in the Han Chinese. The underlying mechanism of its protective role might be related to the improved DNA repair function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Jianyan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China
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Chen Y, Zheng T, Lan Q, Kim C, Qin Q, Foss F, Chen X, Holford T, Leaderer B, Boyle P, Wang C, Dai M, Liu Z, Ma S, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Zhang Y. Polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes, body mass index, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:606-11. [PMID: 23619945 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a population-based case-control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in DNA repair pathway genes may modify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared to those with BMI <25, women with BMI ≥25 had significantly increased risk of NHL among women who carried BRCA1 (rs799917) CT/TT, ERCC2 (rs13181) AA, XRCC1 (rs1799782) CC, and WRN (rs1801195) GG genotypes, but no increase in NHL risk among women who carried BRCA1 CC, ERCC2 AC/CC, XRCC1 CT/TT, and WRN GT/TT genotypes. A significant interaction with BMI was only observed for WRN (rs1801195; P = 0.004) for T-cell lymphoma and ERCC2 (rs13181; P = 0.002) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The results suggest that common genetic variation in DNA repair pathway genes may modify the association between BMI and NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtai Chen
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Christopher Kim
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Qin Qin
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine; Portland Maine
| | - Francine Foss
- Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Xuezhong Chen
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital; Lanzhou People's Republic of China
| | | | - Brian Leaderer
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Preventive Research Institute; Lyon France
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dai
- Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Gansu Provincial College of Chinese Medicine; Lanzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale University School of Public Health; New Haven Connecticut
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Ding Q, Dimayuga E, Markesbery WR, Keller JN. Proteasome inhibition increases DNA and RNA oxidation in astrocyte and neuron cultures. J Neurochem 2005; 91:1211-8. [PMID: 15569264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of nucleic acid oxidation have been described as part of normal brain aging and have been demonstrated to occur in multiple neurological disorders. The basis for increased nucleic acid oxidation in each of these conditions is presently unknown. Proteasome inhibition occurs in a host of neurodegenerative conditions and likely contributes to increased levels of oxidative damage and neurotoxicity. In the present study we demonstrate for the first time the ability of proteasome inhibition to increase the level of nucleic acid oxidation in primary neuron and astrocyte cultures. Administration of proteasome inhibitors (MG262, MG115) at concentrations that do not induce neuron death in the first 24 h of treatment, dramatically increase the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8OHG) immunoreactivity in both cell types. Neurons underwent larger increases in nucleic acid oxidation compared to astrocyte cultures. While both DNA and RNA oxidation were observed following proteasome inhibition, RNA appeared to undergo a greater degree of oxidation than DNA. Both 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA were dramatically decreased following proteasome inhibition. Interestingly, an accumulation of unprocessed and/or cross-linked RNA species was observed following proteasome inhibition. Taken together, these data indicate the ability of proteasome inhibition to increase the levels of nucleic acid oxidation in both neurons and astrocytes, and suggest that proteasome inhibition may have deleterious effects on transcription and translation in both neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxing Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Ding Q, Reinacker K, Dimayuga E, Nukala V, Drake J, Butterfield DA, Dunn JC, Martin S, Bruce-Keller AJ, Keller JN. Role of the proteasome in protein oxidation and neural viability following low-level oxidative stress. FEBS Lett 2003; 546:228-32. [PMID: 12832045 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that proteasome inhibition may play a causal role in mediating the increased levels of protein oxidation and neuron death observed in conditions associated with oxidative stress. In the present study we demonstrate that administration of non-toxic levels of oxidative stress does not result in impairment of 20S/26S proteasome activity, and actually increases the expression of specific proteasome subunits. Non-toxic levels of oxidative stress were observed to elevate the amount of protein oxidation in the presence of preserved proteasomal function, suggesting that proteasome inhibition may not mediate increases in protein oxidation following low-level oxidative stress. Preserving basal proteasome function appears to be critical to preventing the neurotoxicity of low-level oxidative stress, based on the ability of proteasome inhibitor treatment to exacerbate oxidative stress toxicity. Taken together, these data indicate that maintaining neural proteasome function may be critical to preventing neurotoxicity, but not the increase in protein oxidation, following low-level oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxing Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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