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Yokota A, Fujishiro T, Usami Y, Neo M. An Experimental Rat Model of C5 Palsy Following Posterior Decompression Surgery of the Cervical Spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:E124-E131. [PMID: 34381002 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic in vivo research. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish an animal model that is appropriate for analyzing the mechanisms of C5 palsy (C5P) and to clarify the structural and functional alterations of cervical roots following posterior decompression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although C5P is one of the major complications of cervical surgery, the exact pathogenesis of C5P remains unclear partly because of the lack of an appropriate animal model. Tethering of the cervical roots due to posterior cord shift following posterior decompression is thought to be one of the possible factors that cause C5P. METHODS Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Group L (cervical laminectomy, N = 18) or Group S (sham surgery, N = 10) and examined up to postoperative day 14 (PO14). Posterior cord shift and the length of the anterior rootlets were quantified by computed tomography-myelogram images. Motor evoked potential (MEP) of the deltoid (C5, 6 innervated) and triceps brachii (C7-T1 innervated), mechanical allodynia, and grip strength of the forepaw (C7-T1 regulated) were measured. RESULTS All anterior rootlets were elongated as the cord gradually shifted posteriorly postoperatively. The elongation rate of the C6 anterior rootlets was the highest (142% at PO14). The MEP latency of the deltoid was significantly delayed throughout all postoperative time points. However, significant delay in the latency of the triceps brachii was observed only on postoperative day 10. The withdrawal threshold of the forepaw did not change; grip strength of the forelimb decreased at PO14. CONCLUSION This model was thought to be appropriate for analyzing the pathogenesis of C5P since our findings were comparable to the clinical course of C5P subsequent to posterior cervical decompression. Although a future study for clarifying histological and molecular alterations will be needed, tethering of the anterior rootlets due to posterior cord shift was suggested to be a probable mechanism causing C5P.Level of Evidence: 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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Redfern WS, Dymond A, Strang I, Storey S, Grant C, Marks L, Barnard C, Heys C, Moyser K, Greenwood K, Cobey D, Moore N, Karp NA, Prior H. The functional observational battery and modified Irwin test as global neurobehavioral assessments in the rat: Pharmacological validation data and a comparison of methods. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 98:106591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abdulrahman AA, Faisal K, Meshref AAA, Arshaduddin M. Low-dose acute vanillin is beneficial against harmaline-induced tremors in rats. Neurol Res 2017; 39:264-270. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1275456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunnathodi Faisal
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Amri Meshref
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Services Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vilela-Filho O, Ferraz FP, Barros BA, Silva LO, Anunciação SF, Souza JT, Silva DJ, Leite MB, Atayde IB, Ragazzo PC, Barreto PG, Nobrega MA, Araujo MR, Santos MR, Ala VH, Queiroz ST. Effects of unilateral stereotactic posterior striatotomy on harmaline-induced tremor in rats. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1328-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando P. Ferraz
- Department of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Breno A. Barros
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Luciana O. Silva
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Suzana F. Anunciação
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Joaquim T. Souza
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Delson J. Silva
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Mauricio B. Leite
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Ingrid B. Atayde
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | | | - Paula G. Barreto
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Mariana A. Nobrega
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Maisa R. Araujo
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Mayra R. Santos
- Division of Neurosurgery; Medical School, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Victor H. Ala
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
| | - Stefano T. Queiroz
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Goiânia; Goiás; Brazil
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Causal effects of synthetic chemicals on mitochondrial deficits and diabetes pandemic. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:178-88. [PMID: 23389879 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial deficits cause many common age-associated diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, it has not been understood what causes mitochondrial damages and how to interrupt the development of the diseases in patients. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrated a positive correlation between serum concentrations of environmental pollutants and insulin resistance/diabetes. Emerging data strongly suggest that some synthetic pollutants disturb the signaling pathway critical for energy homeostasis and insulin action. The synthetic chemicals are possibly involved in pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes as mitochondria-disturbing agents. In this review, we present a molecular scheme to address the contribution of environmental synthetic chemicals to this metabolic catastrophe. Efforts to identify synthetic chemicals with mitochondria-damaging activities may open a new era to develop effective therapeutic interventions against the worldwide-spreading metabolic disorder.
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Coluccia A, Borracci P, Belfiore D, Renna G, Carratù MR. Late embryonic exposure to all-trans retinoic acid induces a pattern of motor deficits unrelated to the developmental stage. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30:1120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coluccia A, Borracci P, Renna G, Giustino A, Latronico T, Riccio P, Carratù MR. Developmental omega‐3 supplementation improves motor skills in juvenile‐adult rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Coluccia
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Pietro Borracci
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Renna
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology “Ernesto Quagliariello”University of Bari70126BariItaly
| | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of BiologyD.B.A.F., University of Basilicata85100PotenzaItaly
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
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Coluccia A, Borracci P, Belfiore D, Renna G, Giustino A, Carratù MR. Effects of early gestational all-trans retinoic acid treatment on motor skills: A longitudinal study in the offspring of Sprague–Dawley rats. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:1107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gestational all-trans retinoic acid treatment in the rat: Neurofunctional changes and cerebellar phenotype. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2008; 30:395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Miwa H, Hama K, Kajimoto Y, Kondo T. Effects of zonisamide on experimental tremors in rats. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007; 14:33-6. [PMID: 17587636 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS To study the effect of zonisamide on experimental tremors in rats. METHODS Effect of zonisamide on harmaline- or oxotreorine-induced tremors, and tacrine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJMs) was studied. RESULTS Zonisamide significantly suppressed both harmaline- and oxotremorine-induced tremors dose-dependently. Zonisamide also significantly suppressed tacrine-induced TJMs, and this effect was not lost under conditions of monoamine-depletion or dopaminergic blockade. CONCLUSION The anti-tremor effects of zonisamide may be achieved by a non-dopaminergic mechanism. Since it effectively suppressed tremors that are based on different kinds of tremors, we propose a novel perspective of clinical potential of zonisamide as a non-specific, anti-tremor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Miwa
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan.
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Carratù MR, Borracci P, Coluccia A, Giustino A, Renna G, Tomasini MC, Raisi E, Antonelli T, Cuomo V, Mazzoni E, Ferraro L. Acute exposure to methylmercury at two developmental windows: Focus on neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects in rat offspring. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1619-29. [PMID: 16781816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects produced by prenatal methylmercury exposure (8 mg/kg, gestational-days 8 or 15), were investigated in rats. On postnatal day 40, animals exposed to methylmercury and tested in the open field arena, showed a reduction in the number of rearings, whereas the number of crossings and resting time was not altered with respect to the age-matched control rats. The methylmercury-exposed groups showed a lower level of exploratory behavior as well as an impairment in habituation and working memory when subjected to the novel object exploration task. The neophobia displayed by methylmercury-exposed rats is unlikely to be attributed to a higher degree of anxiety. Prenatal methylmercury exposure did not affect motor coordination or motor learning in 40-day-old rats subjected to the balance task on a rotating rod, and it did not impair the onset of reflexive behavior in pups screened for righting reflex, cliff aversion and negative geotaxis. In cortical cell cultures from pups exposed to methylmercury during gestation, basal extracellular glutamate levels were higher, whereas the KCl-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were lower than that measured in cultures from rats born to control mothers. In addition, a higher responsiveness of glutamate release to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation was evident in cortical cell cultures from pups born from methylmercury-treated dams than in cultures obtained from control rats. The present results suggest that acute maternal methylmercury exposure induces, in rat offspring, subtle changes in short-term memory as well as in exploratory behavior. These impairments seem to be associated to alterations of cortical glutamatergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Carratù
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Medical School, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Tariq M, Khan HA, Elfaki I, Al Deeb S, Al Moutaery K. Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. Brain Res Bull 2005; 67:161-8. [PMID: 16140176 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are regarded as potential therapeutic targets to control various neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to the relevance of cholinergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD) this investigation was aimed to study the effect of nicotine, a nAChR agonist, on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurodegeneration in female Wistar rats. Systemic administration of 3-NP in rats serves as an important model of HD. The animals received subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. 3-NP (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily 30 min after nicotine for the same duration. One additional group of rats served as control (vehicle only). On day 8, the animals were observed for neurobehavioral performance (motor activity, inclined plane test, grip strength test, paw test and beam balance). Immediately after behavioral studies, the animals were transcardially perfused with neutral buffered formalin (10%) and brains were fixed for histological studies. Lesions in the striatal dopaminergic neurons were assessed by immunohistochemical method using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining. Treatment of rats with nicotine significantly and dose-dependently attenuated 3-NP-induced behavioral deficits. Administration of 3-NP alone caused significant depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) and glutathione (GSH), which was significantly and dose-dependently attenuated by nicotine. Preservation of striatal dopaminergic neurons by nicotine was also confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. These results clearly showed neuroprotective effect of nicotine in experimental model of HD. The clinical relevance of these findings in HD patients remains unclear and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tariq
- Neuroscience Research Group, Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897 (W-912), Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia. rkh_research.yahoo.com
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Tariq M, Khan HA, Al Moutaery K, Al Deeb S. Sodium benzoate attenuates iminodipropionitrile-induced behavioral syndrome in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2004; 15:585-8. [PMID: 15577457 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200412000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of the antioxidant sodium benzoate (SB) on iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced excitation with choreiform and circling (ECC) syndrome in adult female Wistar rats. Rats in four different groups (n=8) received i.p. injections of SB (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. IDPN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily 30 min before SB for the first 8 days. Two additional groups served as control (vehicle) and SB alone (200 mg/kg) groups. The animals were observed daily for neurobehavioral abnormalities, including dyskinetic head movements, circling, tail hanging, righting reflex and contact inhibition of the righting reflex, characterized as the ECC syndrome. In the IDPN-alone treated group, the onset of ECC syndrome occurred on day 9 (2 out of 8 rats), whereas none of the animals treated with IDPN plus SB (100 or 200 mg/kg) showed any signs of ECC syndrome on that day. All the animals in the IDPN-alone group developed severe dyskinesia on day 11. Treatment of rats with SB significantly and dose-dependently attenuated IDPN-induced behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq
- Neuroscience Research Group, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Arshaduddin M, Al Kadasah S, Biary N, Al Deeb S, Al Moutaery K, Tariq M. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor augments harmaline-induced tremor in rats. Behav Brain Res 2004; 153:15-20. [PMID: 15219702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2003.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Citalopram, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is one of the widely used antidepressants. Apart from its antidepressant activity citalopram is also used for anxiety, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and behavioral disturbances of dementia. Tremor is the second most common neurological adverse effect in patients receiving treatment with SSRIs. Use of these agents in depressed patients with essential tremor has not been studied. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic citalopram treatment on harmaline-induced tremors in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 70+/-2 g were given citalopram in doses of 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by gavage for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, the rats were given harmaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after the last dose of citalopram. The latency of onset, intensity and duration of tremor and EMG were recorded. Serotonin (5HT) and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5HIAA) were measured in brain stem. Citalopram dose dependently exacerbated the duration, intensity and amplitude of EMG of harmaline-induced tremor. A significant decrease in 5HT turnover (5HIAA/5HT ratio) in the brain stem was observed suggesting a possible role of serotoninergic impairment in citalopram-induced augmentation of harmaline-induced tremor. Clinical implications of these observations warrant further investigation.
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