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Li L. Circadian Vision in Zebrafish: From Molecule to Cell and from Neural Network to Behavior. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:451-462. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730419863917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most visual system functions, such as opsin gene expression, retinal neural transmission, light perception, and visual sensitivity, display robust day-night rhythms. The rhythms persist in constant lighting conditions, suggesting the involvement of endogenous circadian clocks. While the circadian pacemakers that control the rhythms of animal behaviors are mostly found in the forebrain and midbrain, self-sustained circadian oscillators are also present in the neural retina, where they play important roles in the regulation of circadian vision. This review highlights some of the correlative studies of the circadian control of visual system functions in zebrafish. Because zebrafish maintain a high evolutionary proximity to mammals, the findings from zebrafish research may provide insights for a better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian vision in other vertebrate species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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Rillich K, Gentsch J, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A, Weick M. Light stimulation evokes two different calcium responses in Müller glial cells of the guinea pig retina. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:1165-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Ping Y, Huang H, Zhang XJ, Yang XL. Melatonin potentiates rod signals to ON type bipolar cells in fish retina. J Physiol 2008; 586:2683-94. [PMID: 18388138 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.152959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in regulation of a variety of physiological functions through activation of specific G-protein coupled receptors. However, the neuromodulatory role of melatonin, released from photoreceptors in the retina, is poorly understood. Here we show that melatonin enhances the sensitivity of the rod signal pathway by potentiating signal transfer from rod photoreceptors to ON bipolar cells (Rod-ON-BCs). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that melatonin induced a sustained inward current from Rod-ON-BCs, through activation of the melatonin MT2 receptor, which was identified as one mediated by a cGMP-dependent cation channel. Consistent with this, melatonin was found, using immunocytochemistry, to increase intracellular cGMP levels, which was identified due to an inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Physiologically, melatonin potentiated responses of Rod-ON-BCs to simulated light flashes (brief puffs of CPPG, an mGluR6 antagonist, in the presence of l-AP4, an mGluR6 agonist), which was mediated by cGMP-dependent kinase, and increased the amplitude of the scotopic electroretinographic b-wave, a reflection of Rod-ON-BC activity. These results suggest that melatonin, being at a higher level at night, may improve the signal/noise ratio for rod signals in the outer retina by enhancing signal transfer from rods to BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ping
- Institute of Neurobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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O'Brien JJ, Li W, Pan F, Keung J, O'Brien J, Massey SC. Coupling between A-type horizontal cells is mediated by connexin 50 gap junctions in the rabbit retina. J Neurosci 2006; 26:11624-36. [PMID: 17093084 PMCID: PMC6674794 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2296-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many examples of neuronal coupling via gap junctions in the retina. Of these, perhaps the best known is the extensive coupling between horizontal cells. In the rabbit retina, there are two types of horizontal cells, A-type and B-type, both of which are independently coupled. Connexin 50 (Cx50) cDNA, encoding a 440 aa protein, was successfully isolated from rabbit retina RNA. Cx50 was also obtained from isolated A-type horizontal cells (A-type HCs) by single-cell RT-PCR. A-type HCs were visualized by intracellular dye injection or with an antibody against calbindin. Confocal analysis revealed all Cx50 labeling occurred on the A-type HC matrix, typically at dendritic intersections. The Cx50 plaques varied in size, from punctate signals in which fine dendrites cofasciculated, to giant plaques, >50 microm(2), in which large dendrites crossed. The numerous Cx50 plaques between A-type HCs may adequately account for the remarkable coupling observed in this network. We could not detect Cx50 staining on the tips of horizontal cell dendrites within the cone pedicle invagination. This distribution does not support a role for Cx50 in hemichannel-mediated feedback. In addition, the absence of Cx50 in B-type HCs suggests the presence of a different connexin for this cell type. In summary, these results suggest that gap junctions in the A-type horizontal cell matrix are composed from Cx50. Multiple neuronal connexins are expressed in the mammalian retina and different cell types express specific connexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joyce Keung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - John O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephen C. Massey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
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Simon A, Barabás P, Kardos J. Structural determinants of phosphodiesterase 6 response on binding catalytic site inhibitors. Neurochem Int 2006; 49:215-22. [PMID: 16519963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To predict the response of retinal phosphodiesterase on binding catalytic site inhibitors, a homology model of the catalytic domain of subunit alpha of type 6 phosphodiesterase has been built by selecting an experimental structure of type 5 phosphodiesterase as template. Guanosine monophosphate and inhibitors (sildenafil, zaprinast) docked to the type 6 phosphodiesterase binding crevice similarly to the experimental conformations of guanosine monophosphate and sildenafil in the catalytic domain of type 5 phosphodiesterase. Inhibitors, but not guanosine monophosphate, interacted with Phe778 and Met759 (sildenafil) or Met759 (zaprinast), the key residues involved in the interaction between the catalytic binding domain and the inhibitory gamma subunit of type 6 phosphodiesterase. Agreeing with predictions obtained by modelling binding, both inhibitors (1 and 10muM) enhanced the amplitude of electric light responses of the isolated rat retina, however, the enhancement was smaller for the more efficacious inhibitor sildenafil. These paradoxical responses can be explained as a result of the enhancement of light activation of PDE6 through the competition between the catalytic site inhibitors and the gamma subunit residues for catalytic domain residues Phe778 and Met759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Simon
- Department of Neurochemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary.
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Shen Y, Chen L, Ping Y, Yang XL. Glycine modulates the center response of ON type rod-dominant bipolar cells in carp retina. Brain Res Bull 2005; 67:492-7. [PMID: 16216698 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effects of glycine on ON type rod-dominant bipolar cells (RBCs) were studied in isolated, superfused carp retina by intracellular recording technique and in carp retinal slice preparation by whole cell recording. Glycine of 4mM hyperpolarized RBCs and potentiated their light responses to large light spots, which was reversed by co-application of 10 microM strychnine. It was further found that illumination of the receptive field surround did not affect the depolarizing center response of RBCs. The above result therefore suggests that glycine modulates the center response of RBCs. Focal application of glycine to either dendrites or axon terminals of RBCs failed to induce any currents in both isolated cell and retinal slice preparations. On the other hand, glycine of 4mM increased the amplitude of the scotopic electroretinographic PIII component, which reflects the activity of rod photoreceptors. It seems likely that modulation by glycine of the RBC center response may be in part ascribed to a consequence of the potentiation of rod responses by glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Huang H, Luo DG, Shen Y, Zhang AJ, Yang R, Yang XL. AMPA receptor is involved in transmission of cone signal to ON bipolar cells in carp retina. Brain Res 2004; 1002:86-93. [PMID: 14988037 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on characterization of glutamate receptor subtypes mediating cone signal transmission to ON bipolar cells (BCs) in the carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. Glutamate (5 mM) hyperpolarized cone-dominant ON BCs, which was associated with a suppression of light responses, whereas Co(2+) (1 mM) depolarized these cells and suppressed their light responses. On the other hand, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) of 20 microM caused a membrane depolarization and blocked depolarizing light responses, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutryic acid (l-AP4) was without effect. The effects of AMPA were reversed by coapplication of GYKI 52466, an AMPA receptor selective non-competitive antagonist, but persisted in the presence of picrotoxin and strychnine. For rod-dominant ON BCs, both l-AP4 and AMPA reversibly blocked depolarizing light responses, but with membrane potential changes of opposite polarities (hyperpolarization for l-AP4 and depolarization for AMPA). In the inner retina, AMPA depolarized transient ON-OFF amacrine cells and blocked both ON and OFF cone-driven depolarizing responses, but l-AP4 did not. These results suggest that AMPA receptors, but not l-AP4 receptors, are involved in synaptic transmission of cone signal to ON bipolar cells in carp retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Barabás P, Antal K, Kardos J. Light-adaptation attenuates the effects of phosphodiesterase blockade by Zaprinast in the isolated rat retina. Neurosci Lett 2004; 357:195-8. [PMID: 15003283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the type V/VI-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Zaprinast, (200 microM) on the light-evoked extracellular field potential (EFP) in the isolated rat retina was tested under dark- and light-adapted conditions at two different temperatures. Peak enhancement EFP in dark- (344 +/- 70%; mean +/- SEM) and light-adapted (182 +/- 31%) retina at 37 degrees C was reached within 3 min of treatment with Zaprinast (200 microM) followed by a slower decrease to a level of 85 +/- 14 and 26 +/- 7% in dark- and light-adapted retina, respectively. The effect of Zaprinast (20 microM) on the pharmacologically-isolated photoreceptor component of the EFP was lost with increasing levels of background light. This may suggest that there is a slow time scale (minutes) shift in the steady state level of cGMP during light-adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Barabás
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H 1025 Budapest, Hungary.
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Shen Y, Zhang AJ, Yang XL. Uncoupling of horizontal cells alters the receptive fields of retinal bipolar cells. Neuroreport 2003; 14:2159-62. [PMID: 14625439 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200312020-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Effects of uncoupling of horizontal cells by 1-octanol, a non-specific gap junction uncoupling agent, on the receptive field organization of cone-dominant bipolar cells were investigated in isolated, superfused carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. At 1 mM, 1-octanol increased responses of cone driven horizontal cells to light spots, but decreased those to light annuli, indicating a reduction of the receptive field size of these cells by uncoupling. Furthermore, 1-octanol eliminated the surround response of OFF type bipolar cells and increased their center response. Similar effects of 1-octanol on the center and surround responses were observed in ON type bipolar cells. These results suggest that uncoupling of horizontal cells can significantly alter the receptive field organization of retinal bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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