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Yang G, Ahmad F, Zhou Q, Guo M, Liang S, Gaal HA, Mo J. Investigation of Physicochemical Indices and Microbial Communities in Termite Fungus-Combs. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:581219. [PMID: 33519727 PMCID: PMC7843810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Termitomyces species are wild edible mushrooms that possess high nutritional value and a wide range of medicinal properties. However, the cultivation of these mushrooms is very difficult because of their symbiotic association with termites. In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical indices and microbial communities between combs with Termitomyces basidiomes (CF) and combs without Termitomyces basidiomes (CNF). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), some commercial kits, high-throughput sequencing of the 16s RNA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used. Humidity, pH, and elements, i.e., Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni, S, Ca, and Mg were higher while amino acids particularly alanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine were lower in CF as compared to CNF. The average contents of fatty acids were not significantly different between the two comb categories. The bacterial genera Alistipes, Burkholderia, Sediminibacterium, and Thermus were dominant in all combs. Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, and Sediminibacterium were significantly more abundant in CF. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were also identified in combs. Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces sp. Group3, and Termitomyces sp. were the most dominant species in combs. However, any single Termitomyces species was abundantly present in an individual comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Qihuan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyou Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hassan Ahmed Gaal
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jensen CJP, Adams GC. Nitrogen metabolism ofLeucostoma persooniiandL. cinctain virulent and hypovirulent isolates. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1995.12026607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. P. Jensen
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312
| | - Gerard C. Adams
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312
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Bayman P, Cotty PJ. Improved Media for Selecting Nitrate-Nonutilizing Mutants inAspergillus Flavus. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1991.12026015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bayman
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179
| | - Peter J. Cotty
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179
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Seifar RM, Deshmukh AT, Heijnen JJ, van Gulik WM. Determination of δ-[L
-α-aminoadipyl]-L
-cysteinyl-D
-valine in cell extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum using ion pair-RP-UPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:225-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fukui J, Miyazaki A, Ootaki T. Isolation and characterization of chlorate resistant mutants from nitrate-nonutilizing fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. MYCOSCIENCE 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02460930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kersten MA, Arninkhof MJ, Op den Camp HJ, Van Griensven LJ, van der Drift C. Transport of amino acids and ammonium in mycelium of Agaricus bisporus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1428:260-72. [PMID: 10434044 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycelium of Agaricus bisporus took up methylamine (MA), glutamate, glutamine and arginine by high-affinity transport systems following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The activities of these systems were influenced by the nitrogen source used for mycelial growth. Moreover, MA, glutamate and glutamine uptakes were derepressed by nitrogen starvation, whereas arginine uptake was repressed. The two ammonium-specific transport systems with different affinities and capacities were inhibited by NH(+)(4), with a K(i) of 3.7 microM for the high-velocity system. The K(m) values for glutamate, glutamine and arginine transport were 124, 151 and 32 microM, respectively. Inhibition of arginine uptake by lysine and histidine showed that they are competitive inhibitors. MA, glutamate and glutamine uptake was inversely proportional to the intracellular NH(+)(4) concentration. Moreover, increase of the intracellular NH(+)(4) level caused by PPT (DL-phosphinotricin) resulted in an immediate cessation of MA, glutamine and glutamate uptake. It seems that the intracellular NH(+)(4) concentration regulates its own influx by feedback-inhibition of the uptake system and probably also its efflux which becomes apparent when mycelium is grown on protein. Addition of extracellular NH(+)(4) did not inhibit glutamine uptake, suggesting that NH(+)(4) and glutamine are equally preferred nitrogen sources. The physiological importance of these uptake systems for the utilization of nitrogen compounds by A. bisporus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kersten
- Department of Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was unaffected by up to 24 h exposure to ethanol concentrations ranging from 1% to 9%, but was reduced following exposure to 12% ethanol. Concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine were not affected by a 24 h exposure to 12% ethanol, although there was a significant increase in spermine level. These changes were accompanied by significant increases in the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) and in the flux of label from ornithine into the polyamines. Formation of the cadaverine derivatives aminopropylcadaverine and N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine was greatly increased in yeast exposed to 12% ethanol for 24 h, probably via the action of ODC, AdoMetDC and the aminopropyltransferases. Exposure to 12% ethanol also led to substantial reductions in the uptake of putrescine and spermidine and the amino acid methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Walters
- Department of Plant Biology, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Nr Ayr, UK
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Hillenga DJ, Versantvoort HJ, Driessen AJ, Konings WN. Basic amino acid transport in plasma membrane vesicles of Penicillium chrysogenum. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:3991-5. [PMID: 8763922 PMCID: PMC178151 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.14.3991-3995.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the basic amino acid permease (system VI) of the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum were studied in plasma membranes fused with liposomes containing the beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. In the presence of reduced cytochrome c, the hybrid membranes accumulated the basic amino acids arginine and lysine. Inhibition studies with analogs revealed a narrow substrate specificity. Within the external pH range of 5.5 to 7.5, the transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi) functions as the main driving force for uphill transport of arginine, although a low level of uptake was observed when only a transmembrane pH gradient was present. It is concluded that the basic amino acid permease is a H+ symporter. Quantitative analysis of the steady-state levels of arginine uptake in relation to the proton motive force suggests a H+-arginine symport stoichiometry of one to one. Efflux studies demonstrated that the basic amino acid permease functions in a reversible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hillenga
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Simpkin KG. Inhibition of growth and uptake of amino acids in the yeast, Candida parapsilosis, by ambruticin. SABOURAUDIA 1985; 23:425-32. [PMID: 4095648 DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal antibiotic, ambruticin, inhibits growth of Candida parapsilosis and reduces its ability to take up amino acids. Increasing growth temperature from 30 degrees C to 39 degrees C leads to a 100-fold decrease in the minimum growth inhibitory concentration. Ambruticin is 20 times more effective at pH 5 than at pH 8 and exponentially growing cultures are much less susceptible than stationary phase cells. The activity of ambruticin is also dependent on the presence of certain exogenous nutrients. When acetate or succinate (10 mM) are included in the incubation medium, ambruticin has little effect on amino acid uptake. Glucose, mannose and glycerol do not decrease the efficacy of ambruticin. Ambruticin probably inhibits growth by reducing the utilization of exogenous and intracellular carbohydrates. This leads to a fall in energy production within the cell which can be monitored as a reduction in the activity of energy-dependent transport systems.
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