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Herrera L, Cedrés ME, Rodríguez Bonnecarrere P, Giacomini C. Purification and characterization of α-fucosidase from Dichostereum sordulentum 1488. Carbohydr Res 2024; 545:109278. [PMID: 39312872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Biological glycans mediate several physiological processes, thus altered glycosylation patterns can lead to different diseases such as autoimmune, infectious, chronic anti-inflammatory diseases, or even cancer. In fact, alterations in fucosylation in either N- or O-glycans are among the most frequent changes in glycosylation patterns associated with cancer. Therefore, elucidation of the role of glycoconjugate glycans is essential for understanding the development of pathologies where they are involved. In this sense glycosidases are excellent tools, since they catalyse the selective removal of sugar residues, allowing the evaluation of changes in their biological role due to glycan removal. This work describes the purification and characterization of a α-fucosidase from the fungus Dichostereum sordulentum 1488. It is a homodimer with a molecular weight of 214 kDa and optimum pH and temperature of 4.0 and 70 °C respectively. It has a KM of 0.27 mM and VMax of 3.3 μmoles PNP/min per mg for the substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside, showing a substrate inhibition profile. It showed high specificity for the hydrolysis of fucose linked by α-(1,2) bonds. The identification, purification, and characterization of this new α-fucosidase is highly relevant for enlarging the availability of glycosidases for use as tools for glycan elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Herrera
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Biociencias, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Eugenia Cedrés
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paula Rodríguez Bonnecarrere
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Biociencias, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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2
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Improvement of Fucosylated Oligosaccharides Synthesis by α-L-Fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima in Water-Organic Cosolvent Reaction System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3553-3569. [PMID: 34312785 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water activity (aw), pH, and temperature on transglycosylation activity of α-L-fucosidase from Thermotoga maritima in the synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides were evaluated using different water-organic cosolvent reaction systems. The optimum conditions of transglycosylation reaction were the pH range between 7 and 10 and temperature 90-95 °C. The addition of organic cosolvent decreased α-L-fucosidase transglycosylation activity in the following order: acetone > dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) > acetonitrile (0.51 > 0.42 > 0.18 mM/h). However, the presence of DMSO and acetone enhanced enzyme-catalyzed transglycosylation over hydrolysis as demonstrated by the obtained transglycosylation/hydrolysis rate (rT/H) values of 1.21 and 1.43, respectively. The lowest rT/H was calculated for acetonitrile (0.59), though all cosolvents tested improved the transglycosylation rate in comparison to a control assay (0.39). Overall, the study allowed the production of fucosylated oligosaccharides in water-organic cosolvent reaction media using α-L-fucosidase from T. maritima as biocatalyst.
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3
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Synthesis of Fucosyl-Oligosaccharides Using α-l-Fucosidase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132402. [PMID: 31261855 PMCID: PMC6651446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosyl-oligosaccharides are natural prebiotics that promote the growth of probiotics in human gut and stimulate the innate immune system. In this work, the release of α-lfucosidase by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and the use of this enzyme for the synthesis of fucosyl-oligosaccharides were investigated. Since α-lfucosidase is a membrane-bound enzyme, its release from the cells was induced by addition of 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-fucopyranoside (pNP-Fuc). Enzyme activity associated with the cell was recovered at 78% of its total activity. Fucosyl-oligosaccharides where synthesized using α-l-fucosidase extract and pNP-Fuc as donor substrate, and D-lactose or D-lactulose as acceptor substrates, reaching a yield up to 25%. Fucosyllactose was obtained as a reaction product with D-lactose, and its composition was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It is possible that the fucosyl-oligosaccharide synthesized in this study has biological functions similar to human milk oligosaccharides.
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4
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Guzmán-Rodríguez F, Alatorre-Santamaría S, Gómez-Ruiz L, Rodríguez-Serrano G, García-Garibay M, Cruz-Guerrero A. Employment of fucosidases for the synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides with biological potential. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:172-191. [PMID: 30508310 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylated oligosaccharides play important physiological roles in humans, including in the immune response, transduction of signals, early embryogenesis and development, growth regulation, apoptosis, pathogen adhesion, and so on. Efforts have been made to synthesize fucosylated oligosaccharides, as it is difficult to purify them from their natural sources, such as human milk, epithelial tissue, blood, and so on. Within the strategies for its in vitro synthesis, it is remarkable the employment of fucosidases, enzymes that normally cleave the fucosyl residue from the non-reducing end of fucosylated compounds, as these enzymes are also capable of synthesizing them by means of a transfucosylation reaction. This review summarizes the progress in the use of fucosidases for the synthesis of compounds that have potential for industrial and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Mariano García-Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Edo. de México, México
| | - Alma Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
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5
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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6
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Usvalampi A, Maaheimo H, Tossavainen O, Frey AD. Enzymatic synthesis of fucose-containing galacto-oligosaccharides using β-galactosidase and identification of novel disaccharide structures. Glycoconj J 2017; 35:31-40. [PMID: 28905280 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated oligosaccharides have an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system and homeostatic gut microflora. This study employed a commercial β-galactosidase in the production of fucose-containing galacto-oligosaccharides (fGOS) from lactose and fucose. The production was optimized using experiment design and optimal conditions for a batch production in 3-liter scale. The reaction product was analyzed and the produced galactose-fucose disaccharides were purified. The structures of these disaccharides were determined using NMR and it was verified that one major product with the structure Galβ1-3Fuc and two minor products with the structures Galβ1-4Fuc and Galβ1-2Fuc were formed. Additionally, the product composition was defined in more detail using several different analytical methods. It was concluded that the final product contained 42% total monosaccharides, 40% disaccharides and 18% of larger oligosaccharides. 290 μmol of fGOS was produced per gram of reaction mixture and 37% of the added fucose was bound to fGOS. The fraction of fGOS from total oligosaccharides was determined as 44%. This fGOS product could be used as a new putative route to deliver fucose to the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Usvalampi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O.Box 16100, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Hannu Maaheimo
- Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O.Box 1000, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Alexander D Frey
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O.Box 16100, Espoo, Finland
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7
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Laezza A, Iadonisi A, Castro CD, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Parrilli M, Bedini E. Chemical Fucosylation of a Polysaccharide: A Semisynthetic Access to Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2237-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department
of Soil, Plant, Environmental, and Animal Production Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, via de Crecchio
7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, via de Crecchio
7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Department
of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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8
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Zeuner B, Jers C, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Methods for improving enzymatic trans-glycosylation for synthesis of human milk oligosaccharide biomimetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9615-31. [PMID: 25208138 DOI: 10.1021/jf502619p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made within enzymatic synthesis of biomimetic, functional glycans, including, for example, human milk oligosaccharides. These compounds are mainly composed of N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, sialic acid, galactose, and glucose, and their controlled enzymatic synthesis is a novel field of research in advanced food ingredient chemistry, involving the use of rare enzymes, which have until now mainly been studied for their biochemical significance, not for targeted biosynthesis applications. For the enzymatic synthesis of biofunctional glycans reaction parameter optimization to promote "reverse" catalysis with glycosidases is currently preferred over the use of glycosyl transferases. Numerous methods exist for minimizing the undesirable glycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis and for improving the trans-glycosylation yields. This review provides an overview of the approaches and data available concerning optimization of enzymatic trans-glycosylation for novel synthesis of complex bioactive carbohydrates using sialidases, α-l-fucosidases, and β-galactosidases as examples. The use of an adequately high acceptor/donor ratio, reaction time control, continuous product removal, enzyme recycling, and/or the use of cosolvents may significantly improve trans-glycosylation and biocatalytic productivity of the enzymatic reactions. Protein engineering is also a promising technique for obtaining high trans-glycosylation yields, and proof-of-concept for reversing sialidase activity to trans-sialidase action has been established. However, the protein engineering route currently requires significant research efforts in each case because the structure-function relationship of the enzymes is presently poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Zeuner
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Sakurama H, Fushinobu S, Hidaka M, Yoshida E, Honda Y, Ashida H, Kitaoka M, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K, Katayama T. 1,3-1,4-α-L-fucosynthase that specifically introduces Lewis a/x antigens into type-1/2 chains. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16709-19. [PMID: 22451675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.333781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-fucosyl residues attached at the non-reducing ends of glycoconjugates constitute histo-blood group antigens Lewis (Le) and ABO and play fundamental roles in various biological processes. Therefore, establishing a method for synthesizing the antigens is important for functional glycomics studies. However, regiospecific synthesis of glycosyl linkages, especially α-L-fucosyl linkages, is quite difficult to control both by chemists and enzymologists. Here, we generated an α-L-fucosynthase that specifically introduces Le(a) and Le(x) antigens into the type-1 and type-2 chains, respectively; i.e. the enzyme specifically accepts the disaccharide structures (Galβ1-3/4GlcNAc) at the non-reducing ends and attaches a Fuc residue via an α-(1,4/3)-linkage to the GlcNAc. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed the structural basis of this strict regio- and acceptor specificity, which includes the induced fit movement of the catalytically important residues, and the difference between the active site structures of 1,3-1,4-α-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.111) and α-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) in glycoside hydrolase family 29. The glycosynthase developed in this study should serve as a potentially powerful tool to specifically introduce the Le(a/x) epitopes onto labile glycoconjugates including glycoproteins. Mining glycosidases with strict specificity may represent the most efficient route to the specific synthesis of glycosidic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Sakurama
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
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10
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β-Glycosyl Azides as Substrates for α-Glycosynthases: Preparation of Efficient α-L-Fucosynthases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:1097-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Conte F, Rossi M, Moracci M. The alpha-L-fucosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Extremophiles 2007; 12:61-8. [PMID: 17687508 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases form hyperthermophilic archaea are interesting model systems for the study of catalysis at high temperatures and, at the moment, their detailed enzymological characterization is the only approach to define their role in vivo. Family 29 of glycoside hydrolases classification groups alpha-L-fucosidases involved in a variety of biological events in Bacteria and Eukarya. In Archaea the first alpha-L-fucosidase was identified in Sulfolobus solfataricus as interrupted gene expressed by programmed -1 frameshifting. In this review, we describe the identification of the catalytic residues of the archaeal enzyme, by means of the chemical rescue strategy. The intrinsic stability of the hyperthermophilic enzyme allowed the use of this method, which resulted of general applicability for beta and alpha glycoside hydrolases. In addition, the presence in the active site of the archaeal enzyme of a triad of catalytic residues is a rather uncommon feature among the glycoside hydrolases and suggested that in family 29 slightly different catalytic machineries coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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12
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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13
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Miura T, Okamoto K, Yanase H. Purification and characterization of extracellular 1,2-α-L-fucosidase from Bacillus cereus. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:629-35. [PMID: 16233842 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus isolated from a soil sample, inductively produced alpha-L-fucosidase in culture medium containing porcine gastric mucin (PGM). The production of the enzyme was also weakly induced by L-fucose and D-arabinose, but not by other sugars including glucose. The enzyme was purified 61-fold with an overall recovery of 1.8% from the culture fluid supplemented with PGM by ammonium sulfate precipitation, acetone fractionation, and subsequent column chromatography. The purified enzyme was found homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and its molecular mass was estimated to be approximately 196,000 kDa. Its optimum pH was 7.0 and it was stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The enzyme hydrolyzed the alpha-(1-->2)-L-fucosidic linkage in oligosaccharides such as Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4Glc (2'-fucosyllactose), Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose I), and the glycoprotein PGM. The enzyme was inactive on p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucoside, the alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosidic linkages in Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose III) and orosomucoid, the alpha-(1-->4)-L-fucosidic linkage in Galbeta1-3(Fucalpha1-4)GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose II), and the alpha-(1-->6)-L-fucosidic linkage in thyroglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Miura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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14
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Scheppokat AM, Bretting H, Thiem J. Fast and efficient synthesis of a novel homologous series of l-fucosylated trisaccharides using the Helix pomatia α-(1→2)-l-galactosyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:2083-90. [PMID: 14505875 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-(1-->2)-L-galactosyltransferase from the albumen gland of the vineyard snail Helix pomatia exhibits high alpha-(1-->2)-L-fucosyltransferase activity and can be used to transfer L-fucose from GDP-L-fucose to terminal, non-reducing D-galactose residues of an oligosaccharide, thus providing facile access to a range of H-antigen-containing oligosaccharides. The enzymatic glycosylation was applied here on a milligram scale to a series of disaccharide acceptor substrates. Apparently the site of interglycosidic linkage between the terminal and subterminal acceptor sugar units is of little or no consequence. The homologous series of trisaccharides thus produced were fully characterised by NMR analysis of their peracetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Michelle Scheppokat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Trincone A, Giordano A, Rossi M, Moracci M. Identification of an archaeal alpha-L-fucosidase encoded by an interrupted gene. Production of a functional enzyme by mutations mimicking programmed -1 frameshifting. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:14622-31. [PMID: 12569098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211834200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the complete genome of the thermoacidophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus revealed two open reading frames (ORF), named SSO11867 and SSO3060, interrupted by a -1 frameshift and encoding for the N- and the C-terminal fragments, respectively, of an alpha-l-fucosidase. We report here that these ORFs are actively transcribed in vivo, and we confirm the presence of the -1 frameshift between them at the cDNA level, explaining why we could not find alpha-fucosidase activity in S. solfataricus extracts. Detailed analysis of the region of overlap between the two ORFs revealed the presence of the consensus sequence for a programmed -1 frameshifting. Two specific mutations, mimicking this regulative frameshifting event, allow the expression, in Escherichia coli, of a fully active thermophilic and thermostable alpha-l-fucosidase (EC ) with micromolar substrate specificity and showing transfucosylating activity. The analysis of the fucosylated products of this enzyme allows, for the first time, assigning a retaining reaction mechanism to family 29 of glycosyl hydrolases. The presence of an alpha-fucosidase putatively regulated by programmed -1 frameshifting is intriguing both with respect to the regulation of gene expression and, in post-genomic era, for the definition of gene function in Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Sumiyoshi W, Urashima T, Nakamura T, Arai I, Saito T, Tsumura N, Wang B, Brand-Miller J, Watanabe Y, Kimura K. Determination of each neutral oligosaccharide in the milk of Japanese women during the course of lactation. Br J Nutr 2003; 89:61-9. [PMID: 12568665 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using reverse-phase HPLC after pyridylamination, we quantified the concentrations of major neutral oligosaccharides in the milk of sixteen Japanese women collected at 4, 10, 30 and 100 d postpartum. In colostrum and mature milk (30 d lactation), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I was the most abundant oligosaccharide, followed by 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) + lacto-N-difucotetraose (LNDFT), LNFP II + lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II), and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL). Together these accounted for 73 % of the total weight of neutral oligosaccharides in colostrum and mature milk. Changes in concentration occurred during the course of lactation. LNFP I and 2'-FL + LNDFT increased from 4 to 10 d postpartum, and then declined by 100 d. LNFP II + LNDFH II steadily increased during the first 30 d and then declined. In contrast, 3-FL increased steadily throughout the entire 100 d of study. Large differences were observed between our data and previously published data in Italian women, in terms of both the concentration and temporal changes of each oligosaccharide. These differences may be caused by different assay methodology, although racial differences cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sumiyoshi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada cho, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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