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Matamoros E, Light ME, Cintas P, Palacios JC. From Potential Prebiotic Synthons to Useful Chiral Scaffolds: A Synthetic and Structural Reinvestigation of 2-Amino-Aldononitriles. Molecules 2024; 29:1796. [PMID: 38675616 PMCID: PMC11052109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores and revisits in detail the formation and characterization of sugar-based aminonitriles, whose ultimate origin can be traced to the interaction of biomolecules with cyanide. Although the synthesis and spectroscopic data of 2-amino-aldononitriles were reported long ago, there are both contradictory and confusing results among the published data. We have now addressed this concern through an exhaustive structural elucidation of acylated 2-amino- and 2-alkyl(aryl)amino-2-deoxyaldonitriles using mass spectrometry and FT-IR, FT-Raman, and NMR spectroscopies. Several structures could be unambiguously determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which allowed us to correct other misassignments. Moreover, this study unveils how steric and electronic effects influence the acylation outcome of the amino, (alkyl, aryl)amino, or acetamido group at C-2. The chirality at the latter, which was assigned tentatively through optical rotation correlation, and hence the preferential threo stereochemistry generated during the cyanohydrin synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy aldononitriles have now been established with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Matamoros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark E. Light
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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Hinton MR, Nicholson BK, Manley-Harris M, Hardcastle KI, Kiely DE. Crystal Structure Models for the Aldaramide Units of Poly(pentaramides). J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.748910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hinton
- a Shafizadeh Rocky Mountain Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana , 59812 , USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth I. Hardcastle
- c Emory University Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , 30322 , USA
| | - Donald E. Kiely
- a Shafizadeh Rocky Mountain Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana , 59812 , USA
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3
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Styron SD, French AD, Friedrich JD, Lake CH, Kiely DE. MM3(96) CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF d-GLUCARAMIDE AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THREE d-GLUCARIC ACID DERIVATIVES—MODELS FOR SYNTHETIC POLY(ALKYLENE d-GLUCARAMIDES). J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120003736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Styron
- a Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, U.S.A
| | - Alfred D. French
- b Southern Regional Research Center , U.S. Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA, 70179, U.S.A
| | - Joyce D. Friedrich
- a Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, U.S.A
| | - Charles H. Lake
- c Department of Chemistry , Indiana University of Pennsylvania , Indiana, Pennsylvania, 15705–1087, U.S.A
| | - Donald E. Kiely
- d Shafizadeh Rocky Mountain Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry , The University of Montana , Missoula, Montana, 59812, U.S.A
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Zhang J, Kiely DE, Hardcastle KI. MM3 Conformational Analysis and X‐ray Crystal Structure of 2,3,4,5‐Tetra‐O‐Acetyl‐N,N′‐Dimethyl‐D‐Glucaramide as a Conformational Model for the d‐Glucaryl Unit of Poly(Alkylene 2,3,4,5‐Tetra‐O‐Acetyl‐d‐Glucaramides). J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300601039310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , California State University , Chico, CA, USA
| | - Donald E. Kiely
- b Shafizadeh Rocky Mountain Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry , The University of Montana , Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Hardcastle
- c Emory University Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Romero Zaliz CL, Varela O. Facile synthesis of a d-galactono-1,6-lactone derivative, a precursor of a copolyester. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2973-7. [PMID: 17097075 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-methyl-d-galactonic acid (5) was readily prepared from d-galactono-1,4-lactone (1) in 47% yield. The sequence involves tritylation of HO-6 of 1, followed by O-permethylation and deprotection. Lactonization of 5 led to the per-O-methyl-d-galactono-1,6-lactone, which was copolymerized with epsilon-caprolactone by ring-opening polymerization catalyzed by scandium triflate. The incorporation of the sugar comonomer into the polyester chain was about 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lorena Romero Zaliz
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428-Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ehlenz R, Nieger M, Airola K, Dötza KH. Sugar Acyl Iron Complexes: Synthesis and Conformational Studies in Solution and in the Solid State. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708005751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ehlenz
- a Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- b Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany Fax: E-mail:
| | - Karri Airola
- a Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Dötza
- a Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
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Romero Zaliz CL, Varela O. Synthesis of stereoregular poly-O-methyl-d- and l-polygalactonamides as nylon 6 analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Romero Zaliz CL, Varela O. Straightforward synthesis of derivatives of d- and l-galactonic acids as precursors of stereoregular polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Avalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Jiménez J, Palacios JC, Silvero G, Valencia C. Non-biaryl atropisomers derived from carbohydrates. Part 1. Stereoselective synthesis of 1-aryl-5-hydroxyimidazolidine-2-thiones and their transformation into imidazoline-2-thiones. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Organotransition metal modified sugars 4. Carbene complex functionalized acyclic carbohydrates. J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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D'Accorso NB, Thiel IM. 13C-N.M.R. spectra of some acyclic perbenzoylated carbohydrate derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Navia JL, Kiely DE. Diborane Reduction of O-(Tert-Butyldimethylsilyi.)galactaramides. A Model Study for Aminoalditol Synthesis. J Carbohydr Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/07328308608062958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Horton D, Wałaszek Z, Ekiel I. Conformations of d-gluconic, d-mannonic, and d-galactonic acids in solution, as determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)84063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Furneaux RH. Byproducts in the preparation of penta-O-acetyl-d-hexononitriles from d-galactose and d-glucose. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Stortz CA, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo AS. Separation and identification of O-acetyl-O-methyl-galactononitriles by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(82)85004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Wałaszek Z, Horton D. Conformational studies on aldonolactones by N.M.R. spectroscopy_ conformations of d-glucono-, d-mannono-, d-gulono- and d-galactono-1,4-lactone in solution. Carbohydr Res 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)81859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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