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Toucheteau C, Deffains V, Gaignard C, Rihouey C, Laroche C, Pierre G, Lépine O, Probert I, Le Cerf D, Michaud P, Arnaudin-Fruitier I, Bridiau N, Maugard T. Role of some structural features in EPS from microalgae stimulating collagen production by human dermal fibroblasts. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2254027. [PMID: 37700452 PMCID: PMC10498797 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2254027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum, Chrysotila dentata, Pavlova sp., Diacronema sp., Glossomastix sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Synechococcus sp. were isolated and depolymerized. First, EPS were submitted to a high pressure pre-treatment step, followed by a solid acid-catalyzed hydrolysis step carried out in a batch or recycle fixed-bed reactor, using a strong acidic cation-exchange resin. Twenty-eight different EPS forms were thus obtained. After characterization of their main structural features (weight- and number-averaged molecular weight, polydispersity index, sulfate and uronic acid contents), we investigated the structure-function relationship of their pro-collagen activity. We found that native microalgae EPS were able to inhibit until 27% of human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity while the depolymerized forms were able to enhance collagen production by two different human fibroblast lines, used as cell models due to their major role in dermal collagen biosynthesis. The most active EPS forms, obtained by depolymerization in the recycle fixed-bed reactor of D. ennorea and Glossomastix sp. EPS, led to 390% increase in collagen production. Finally, principal component (PCA) and Pearson analyses indicated that MMP-1 inhibition was strongly correlated to the sulfate group content of EPS whereas collagen production by fibroblasts was mostly related to their proportion of low molecular weight polysaccharides (<10 kDa). Uronic acid content of EPS was also shown essential but only if the size of EPS was reduced in the first place. Altogether, these results gave new insights of the dermo-cosmetic potential of microalgae EPS as well as the key parameters of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Toucheteau
- La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Equipe Biotechnologie et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, La Rochelle, France
| | - Valentine Deffains
- La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Equipe Biotechnologie et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, La Rochelle, France
| | - Clément Gaignard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Université de Rouen Normandie, PBS Laboratory, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Céline Laroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Olivier Lépine
- Algosource Technologies, 37 Bd de l’Université, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Ian Probert
- Roscoff marine station, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Université de Rouen Normandie, PBS Laboratory, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Ingrid Arnaudin-Fruitier
- La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Equipe Biotechnologie et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Equipe Biotechnologie et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, La Rochelle, France
| | - Thierry Maugard
- La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Equipe Biotechnologie et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, La Rochelle, France
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Cristofoli NL, Lima AR, Rosa da Costa AM, Evtyugin D, Silva C, Varela J, Vieira MC. Structural characterization of exopolysaccharides obtained from Porphyridium cruentum exhausted culture medium. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Gao S, Edmundson S, Huesemann M, Gutknecht A, Laurens LM, Van Wychen S, Pittman K, Greer M. DISCOVR strain screening pipeline – Part III: Strain evaluation in outdoor raceway ponds. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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4
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Laroche C. Exopolysaccharides from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Diversity of Strains, Production Strategies, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050336. [PMID: 35621987 PMCID: PMC9148076 DOI: 10.3390/md20050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that can produce/accumulate biomolecules with industrial interest. Among these molecules, EPSs are macromolecular polysaccharidic compounds that present biological activities and physico-chemical properties, allowing to consider their valorization in diverse commercial markets, such as cosmetic, therapeutic, nutraceutic, or hydrocolloids areas. The number of microalgae and cyanobacteria strains described to produce such EPSs has increased in recent years as, among the 256 producing strains gathered in this review, 86 were published in the last 10 years (~33%). Moreover, with the rise of research on microalgae EPSs, a variety of monosaccharides compositions have been discovered, highlighting the versatility of these organisms. If some production strategies can be applied to increase EPS production yields, it appears that case by case studies are needed to promote EPS synthesis by a strain, as many responses exist. This paper proposes an up-to-date state of the art of the diversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria EPS-producing strains, associated to the variability of compositions. The strategies for the production and extraction of the polymers are also discussed. Finally, an overview of the biological activities and physico-chemical properties allow one to consider their use on several commercial markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laroche
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Borjas Esqueda A, Gardarin C, Laroche C. Exploring the Diversity of Red Microalgae for Exopolysaccharide Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040246. [PMID: 35447919 PMCID: PMC9031348 DOI: 10.3390/md20040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae constitute a remarkable biological diversity but a limited number of them have been the object of study for their ability to produce exoplysaccharides (EPS). Among them, the red marine microalgae Porphyridium or Rhodella produce sulphated EPS, exhibiting some biological activities with potential interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. EPS from Porphyridium and Rhodella being relatively similar in their composition, it has long been considered that all the red microalgae produced similar EPS and no attention was paid to other red microalgae. The objective of our work was then to explore the diversity of red microalgae for the production of EPS, focusing in this first step on the screening of the strains for their ability to produce EPS and preliminary structural characterization. The study was conducted with 11 microalgae strains belonging to the proteorhodophytina subphylum. All microalgae were able to produce EPS, released in the culture medium (strains belonging to Porphyridiophyceae and Rhodellophyceae classes) or remaining bound to the cells (strains from Stylonematophyceae class). The analysis of monosaccharides composition was found significantly different, with for instance high levels of glucuronic acids in the EPS from C. japonica and N. cyanea, but also strong differences in the sulphation degrees of polymers (between 1.2 and 28.7% eq. SO4).
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6
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Prospective on the application of abiotic stresses to enhance the industrial production of exopolysaccharides from microalgae. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ferreira AS, Mendonça I, Póvoa I, Carvalho H, Correia A, Vilanova M, Silva TH, Coimbra MA, Nunes C. Impact of growth medium salinity on galactoxylan exopolysaccharides of Porphyridium purpureum. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Casas-Arrojo V, Decara J, de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo M, Pérez-Manríquez C, Abdala-Díaz RT. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum. (S.F.Gray) Nägeli. Biomolecules 2021; 11:488. [PMID: 33805009 PMCID: PMC8063939 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium cruentum is a unicellular microalga that can synthesize and secrete to the culture medium-high amounts of polysaccharides. In this study, the immunomodulatory, cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharides (PcSPs) were determinate. The PcSPs were precipitated with 2% Cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate and ethanol and purified by dialysis. The extract was lyophilized for its characterization by Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of PcSPs were examined with assay 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and compared with that of the biomass, observing significant differences between the results obtained from the PcSPs and biomass. To determine their ability to induce cytokine production Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukina-6 (IL-6), the immunomodulatory activity of the PcSPs has been evaluated. In the mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), PcSPs are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines but mainly of TNF-α. The cytotoxic capacity of PcSPs was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116), human leukemia (U-937 and HL-60), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (NCI-H460) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) cell lines. The IC50 value of 2311.20 µg mL-1, 1676.74 µg mL-1, 1089.63 µg mL-1, 5498.14 µg mL-1 and 2861.49 µg mL-1 respectively in the tumor lines and 5022.55 µg mL-1 in gingival fibroblasts were obtained. Our study suggested that PcSPs from P. cruentum have a moderate immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect. The results obtained indicate that the polysaccharides from P. cruentum are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines and, most importantly, of TNF-α. PcSPs showed no evidence of antigenic activity or hypersensitivity when administered intraperitoneally in mice. Furthermore, the in vivo study revealed an improvement of local inflammatory response against stress in the peritoneum. These findings suggest that the PcSPs from P. cruentum might have potential as a valuable ingredient in nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Claudia Pérez-Manríquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
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Decamp A, Michelo O, Rabbat C, Laroche C, Grizeau D, Pruvost J, Gonçalves O. A New, Quick, and Simple Protocol to Evaluate Microalgae Polysaccharide Composition. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020101. [PMID: 33578865 PMCID: PMC7916578 DOI: 10.3390/md19020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new methodological approach, relying on the high specificity of enzymes in a complex mixture, was developed to estimate the composition of bioactive polysaccharides produced by microalgae, directly in algal cultures. The objective was to set up a protocol to target oligomers commonly known to be associated with exopolysaccharides' (EPS) nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities (i.e., rhamnose, fucose, acidic sugars, etc.) without the constraints classically associated with chromatographic methods, while maintaining a resolution sufficiently high to enable their monitoring in the culture system. Determination of the monosaccharide content required the application of acid hydrolysis (2 M trifluoroacetic acid) followed by NaOH (2 M) neutralization. Quantification was then carried out directly on the fresh hydrolysate using enzyme kits corresponding to the main monosaccharides in a pre-determined composition of the polysaccharides under analysis. Initial results showed that the enzymes were not sensitive to the presence of TFA and NaOH, so the methodology could be carried out on fresh hydrolysate. The limits of quantification of the method were estimated as being in the order of the log of nanograms of monosaccharides per well, thus positioning it among the chromatographic methods in terms of analytical performance. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the enzymatic method with a reference method (high-performance anion-exchange chromatography) confirmed good recovery rates, thus validating the closeness of the protocol. Finally, analyses of raw culture media were carried out and compared to the results obtained in miliQ water; no differences were observed. The new approach is a quick, functional analysis method allowing routine monitoring of the quality of bioactive polysaccharides in algal cultures grown in photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Decamp
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Orane Michelo
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Christelle Rabbat
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Céline Laroche
- Institut Pascal UMR 6602, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Dominique Grizeau
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Jérémy Pruvost
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Olivier Gonçalves
- Université de Nantes, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 37 boulevard de l’Université, 44600 Saint-Nazaire, France; (A.D.); (O.M.); (C.R.); (D.G.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gargouch N, Elleuch F, Karkouch I, Tabbene O, Pichon C, Gardarin C, Rihouey C, Picton L, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I, Laroche C. Potential of Exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium marinum to Contend with Bacterial Proliferation, Biofilm Formation, and Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33513982 PMCID: PMC7911520 DOI: 10.3390/md19020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Gargouch
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Ines Karkouch
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luc Picton
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Céline Laroche
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
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11
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Qin L, He M, Yang Y, Fu Z, Tang C, Shao Z, Zhang J, Mao W. Anticoagulant-active sulfated arabinogalactan from Chaetomorpha linum: Structural characterization and action on coagulation factors. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116394. [PMID: 32564857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide from the green alga Chaetomorpha linum, designated CLS4, was isolated by water extraction, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that CLS4 was a sulfated arabinogalactan, which was constituted by (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose and (1→5)-α-l-arabinofuranose residues with sulfate groups at C-2/ C-3 of (1→5)-α-l-arabinofuranose and C-2/C-4 of (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose. CLS4 possessed strong anticoagulant activity in vitro or in vivo as evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays. CLS4 largely inhibited the activities of the coagulation factors XII, XI, IX and VIII. CLS4 was a potent thrombin inhibitor mediated by antithrombin III (ATIII) or heparin cofactor II, and it also effectively stimulated the factor Xa inhibition by potentiating ATIII. Moreover, CLS4 had a high thrombolytic activity in vitro as assessed by clot lytic rate assay. The results suggested that CLS4 could be a promising source of anticoagulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meijia He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zitao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cuicui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhuling Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Netanel Liberman G, Ochbaum G, Mejubovsky-Mikhelis M, Bitton R, (Malis) Arad S. Physico-chemical characteristics of the sulfated polysaccharides of the red microalgae Dixoniella grisea and Porphyridium aerugineum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1171-1179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Bernaerts TM, Gheysen L, Foubert I, Hendrickx ME, Van Loey AM. The potential of microalgae and their biopolymers as structuring ingredients in food: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Gaignard C, Laroche C, Pierre G, Dubessay P, Delattre C, Gardarin C, Gourvil P, Probert I, Dubuffet A, Michaud P. Screening of marine microalgae: Investigation of new exopolysaccharide producers. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Tran T, Denimal E, Lafarge C, Journaux L, Lee JA, Winckler P, Perrier-Cornet JM, Pradelles R, Loupiac C, Cayot N. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on extraction of B-phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum: Use of confocal microscopy and image processing. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Concentration and purification of Porphyridium cruentum exopolysaccharides by membrane filtration at various cross-flow velocities. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Production, extraction and characterization of microalgal and cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1159-1179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Overview of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their applications. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1225-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Burg A, Oshrat LO. Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6425-39. [PMID: 26492255 PMCID: PMC4626698 DOI: 10.3390/md13106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. Salt composition and concentration were both shown to affect the polysaccharides' antioxidant activity. It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Basel/Bialik sts., Beer-Sheva 8410001, Israel.
| | - Levy-Ontman Oshrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Basel/Bialik sts., Beer-Sheva 8410001, Israel.
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O'Rourke C, Gregson T, Murray L, Sadler IH, Fry SC. Sugar composition of the pectic polysaccharides of charophytes, the closest algal relatives of land-plants: presence of 3-O-methyl-D-galactose residues. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:225-36. [PMID: 26113633 PMCID: PMC4512192 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During evolution, plants have acquired and/or lost diverse sugar residues as cell-wall constituents. Of particular interest are primordial cell-wall features that existed, and in some cases abruptly changed, during the momentous step whereby land-plants arose from charophytic algal ancestors. METHODS Polysaccharides were extracted from four charophyte orders [Chlorokybales (Chlorokybus atmophyticus), Klebsormidiales (Klebsormidium fluitans, K. subtile), Charales (Chara vulgaris, Nitella flexilis), Coleochaetales (Coleochaete scutata)] and an early-diverging land-plant (Anthoceros agrestis). 'Pectins' and 'hemicelluloses', operationally defined as extractable in oxalate (100 °C) and 6 m NaOH (37 °C), respectively, were acid- or Driselase-hydrolysed, and the monosaccharides analysed chromatographically. One unusual monosaccharide, 'U', was characterized by (1)H/(13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and also enzymically. KEY RESULTS 'U' was identified as 3-O-methyl-D-galactose (3-MeGal). All pectins, except in Klebsormidium, contained acid- and Driselase-releasable galacturonate, suggesting homogalacturonan. All pectins, without exception, released rhamnose and galactose on acid hydrolysis; however, only in 'higher' charophytes (Charales, Coleochaetales) and Anthoceros were these sugars also efficiently released by Driselase, suggesting rhamnogalacturonan-I. Pectins of 'higher' charophytes, especially Chara, contained little arabinose, instead possessing 3-MeGal. Anthoceros hemicelluloses were rich in glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose (suggesting xyloglucan and arabinoxylan), none of which was consistently present in charophyte hemicelluloses. CONCLUSIONS Homogalacturonan is an ancient streptophyte feature, albeit secondarily lost in Klebsormidium. When conquering the land, the first embryophytes already possessed rhamnogalacturonan-I. In contrast, charophyte and land-plant hemicelluloses differ substantially, indicating major changes during terrestrialization. The presence of 3-MeGal in charophytes and lycophytes but not in the 'intervening' bryophytes confirms that cell-wall chemistry changed drastically between major phylogenetic grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina O'Rourke
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
| | - Timothy Gregson
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
| | - Lorna Murray
- EastChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Ian H Sadler
- EastChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK and
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMMB, de Morais RMSC. Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractThe microalga Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) has several industrial and pharmaceutical uses, especially for its polysaccharide production. This study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen levels as reflected by altered N:P ratios on the production and content of biomass and carbohydrate. N:P molar ratios were altered in batch cultures to range from 1.6 to 50 using the Redfield ratio of 1:16 as reference. Algal growth (estimated as final cell number, biomass concentration and maximum specific growth rate) was negatively affected at low N:P ratios. The optimal N:P ratio for growth was identified at 35–50, with specific growth rates of 0.19 day−1 and maximum cell concentrations of 59·108 cells L−1 and 1.2 g dry weight of biomass L−1. In addition, variation in cell size was seen. Cells with larger diameters were at higher N:P ratios and smaller cells at lower ratios. The cellular carbohydrate content increased under reduced nitrogen availability. However, because accumulation was moderate at the lowest N:P ratio, 0.4 g per g dry weight biomass compared to 0.24 at the Redfield ratio of 16:1, conditions for increased total carbohydrate formation were identified at the N:P ratios optimal for growth. Additionally, carbohydrates were largely accumulated in late exponential to stationary phase.
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TSEKOS I, REISS HD, SCHNEPF E. Cell-wall structure and supramolecular organization of the plasma membrane of marine red algae visualized by freeze-fracture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Patel AK, Laroche C, Marcati A, Ursu AV, Jubeau S, Marchal L, Petit E, Djelveh G, Michaud P. Separation and fractionation of exopolysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:345-50. [PMID: 23313179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work the extraction of EPSs from culture media of Porphyridium cruentum, by dialysis, solvent-precipitation with 3 polar alcohols (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) and membrane separation techniques has been studied. Diafiltration (DF) using a membrane with a 300 kDa molecular weight cut off was the most efficient technique compared to solvent-extraction and dialysis methods. After extraction, EPS fraction was characterized in terms of rheological properties and biochemical content. The product exhibited shear thinning behavior and a critical overlap concentration equal to 0.6 g/L. The monosaccharide composition was investigated after acidic hydrolysis. Xylose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid were identified as the main constitutive monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, Aubière, France
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Serive B, Kaas R, Bérard JB, Pasquet V, Picot L, Cadoret JP. Selection and optimisation of a method for efficient metabolites extraction from microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 124:311-320. [PMID: 22989659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the use of microalgae for biofuel production and carbon dioxide sequestration has become a challenge worldwide. Processing costs are still too high for these methods to be profitable though, leading to a need to find high value by-products to optimise the added value of this biomass. For high-throughput screening of such metabolites, it is essential to reach the inner content of the cell. This paper presents research and development of a technique enabling a high extraction yield of any metabolite, taking into account the difficulty of extracting bound and or inaccessible molecules with a wide variety of polarities. To this end, several disruption techniques were tested at laboratory scale on two biological models: Porphyridium purpureum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. A mixer mill gave the best results, offering access to a broad diversity of metabolites from microalgae for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Serive
- IFREMER, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, 44311 Nantes, France
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Abstract
Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.
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Rosello Sastre R, Posten C. Die vielfältige Anwendung von Mikroalgen als nachwachsende Rohstoffe. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Arad S(M, Levy-Ontman O. Red microalgal cell-wall polysaccharides: biotechnological aspects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Geresh S, Arad S(M, Levy-Ontman O, Zhang W, Tekoah Y, Glaser R. Isolation and characterization of poly- and oligosaccharides from the red microalga Porphyridium sp. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gourdon D, Lin Q, Oroudjev E, Hansma H, Golan Y, Arad S, Israelachvili J. Adhesion and stable low friction provided by a subnanometer-thick monolayer of a natural polysaccharide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1534-1540. [PMID: 18044936 DOI: 10.1021/la702259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using a surface forces apparatus, we have investigated the adhesive and lubrication forces of mica surfaces separated by a molecularly thin, subnanometer film of a high-molecular-weight (2.3 MDa) anionic polysaccharide from the algae Porphyridium sp. adsorbed from aqueous solution. The adhesion and friction forces of the confined biopolymer were monitored as a function of time, shearing distance, and driving velocity under a large range of compressive loads (pressures). Although the thickness of the dilute polysaccharide was <1 nm, the friction was low (coefficient of friction = 0.015), and no wear was ever observed even at a pressure of 110 atm over 3 decades of velocity, so long as the shearing distances were less than twice the contact diameter. Atomic force microscopy in solution shows that the biopolymer is able to adsorb to the mica surface but remains mobile and easily dragged upon shearing. The adhesion (adsorption) of this polysaccharide even to negatively charged surfaces, its stable low friction, its robustness (high-load carrying capacity and good wear protection), and the weak (logarithmic) dependence of the friction force on the sliding velocity make this class of polyelectrolytes excellent candidates for use in water-based lubricant fluids and as potential additives to synovial fluid in joints and other biolubricating fluids. The physical reasons for the remarkable tribological properties of the ultrathin polysaccharide monolayer are discussed and appear to be quite different from those of other polyelectrolytes and proteins that act as thick "polymer brush" layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California-Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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de Leder Kremer RM, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Naturally occurring monosaccharides: properties and synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2005; 59:9-67. [PMID: 15607763 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(04)59002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Leder Kremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gloaguen V, Ruiz G, Morvan H, Mouradi-Givernaud A, Maes E, Krausz P, Strecker G. The extracellular polysaccharide of Porphyridium sp.: an NMR study of lithium-resistant oligosaccharidic fragments. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:97-103. [PMID: 14659675 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the chemical characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the unicellular red alga Porphyridium sp. The sugar moiety of this polymer is composed of three neutral monosaccharides (Xyl, Glc, and Gal) and one uronic acid (GlcA). Proteins represent 5.5% of the dry weight of the polymer. Uronic degradation of this exopolysaccharide with lithium in ethylenediamine yielded two different oligosaccharides. The absolute configuration of the constitutive monosaccharides was chemically determined and revealed the presence of D-Xyl, D-Glc, D-, and L-Gal. The following oligosaccharide structures were established by NMR spectroscopy: [carbohydrate structure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gloaguen
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, F-87060 Limoges, France.
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Geresh S, Adin I, Yarmolinsky E, Karpasas M. Characterization of the extracellular polysaccharide of Porphyridium sp.: molecular weight determination and rheological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(02)00019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Popper ZA, Sadler IH, Fry SC. 3-O-methyl-D-galactose residues in lycophyte primary cell walls. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:711-719. [PMID: 11397438 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acid hydrolysis of cell wall-rich material from young leaves of the lycophyte Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring yielded substantial amounts of 3-O-methyl-D-galactose (1) in addition to the usual major monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose and galacturonic acid). The yield of 1 approximately equalled that of galacturonic acid. Compound 1 was identified as 3-O-methylgalactose by its 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and shown to be the D-enantiomer by its susceptibility to D-galactose oxidase. Compound 1 was detected in acid hydrolysates of the alcohol-insoluble residues from young leaves of all lycophytes tested, both homosporous (Lycopodium, Huperzia and Diphasiastrum) and heterosporous (Selaginella). It was not detectable in the charophyte green algae Coleochaete scutata, Chara coralina or Klebsormidium flaccidum, any bryophytes [a hornwort (Anthoceros), four liverworts and three mosses], or any euphyllophytes [a psilopsid (Psilotum), a horsetail (Equisetum), eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns, the gymnosperm Gnetum, and diverse angiosperms]. A high content of 1 is thus an autapomorphy of the lycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Popper
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland, UK
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Toncheva-Panova T, Ivanova J. Influence of physiological factors on the lysis effect of Cytophaga on the red microalga Rhodella reticulata. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88:358-63. [PMID: 10736006 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different factors on the lysis of the red microalga, Rhodella reticulata, by Cytophaga sp. LR2 was studied. The pathogenic bacterial strain was more resistant than the alga to the physiological parameters studied, which assured long-term survival of bacteria in algal cultures. Cytophaga sp. LR2 infected R. reticulata at temperatures between 15 and 30 degrees C, in the illuminated as well as the non-illuminated cultures, at pH values between 5.0 and 9.0, and in the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 in the culture medium. SEM showed a different morphology of the bacteria in algal cultures from those of axenic cultures of Cytophaga. Observations of specific associations between algal and bacterial cells revealed that the role of the slime extrusions on the bacterial surface was attachment of Cytophaga to algal cells, and that their clumping leads to rapid lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toncheva-Panova
- Experimental Algology, Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Rebolloso Fuentes M, Garcı́a Sánchez J, Fernández Sevilla J, Acién Fernández F, Sánchez Pérez J, Molina Grima E. Outdoor continuous culture of Porphyridium cruentum in a tubular photobioreactor: quantitative analysis of the daily cyclic variation of culture parameters. J Biotechnol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rebolloso Fuentes M, Garcia Sánchez J, Fernández Sevilla J, Acién Fernández F, Sánchez Pérez J, Molina Grima E. Outdoor continuous culture of Porphyridium cruentum in a tubular photobioreactor: quantitative analysis of the daily cyclic variation of culture parameters. PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6352(99)80120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nishida Y, Kumagai M, Kamiyama A, Ohrui H, Meguro H. Determination of the absolute configuration of monosaccharides using (+) or (−) 2-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carboxylic acid and high-resolution 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)84086-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Structure of some sulfated sugars isolated after acid hydrolysis of the extracellular polysaccharide of Porphyridium sp., a unicellular red alga. Carbohydr Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80136-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Geresh S, Dubinsky O, Arad SM, Christiaen D, Glaser R. Structure of 3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-L-galactopyranose, an aldobiouronic acid isolated from the polysaccharides of various unicellular red algae. Carbohydr Res 1990; 208:301-5. [PMID: 2085816 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80116-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Geresh
- Institutes for Applied Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
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Polysaccharides in desert reclamation: Compositions of exocellular proteoglycan complexes produced by filamentous blue-green and unicellular green edaphic algae. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Jaseja M, Perlin AS, Dubinsky O, Christiaen D, Arad S(M, Glaser R. N.m.r. structure determination of 3-O-(α-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-l-galactopyranose, an aldobiuronic acid isolated from the unicellular red alga Rhodella reticulata. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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The kinetics of photoinhibition and its recovery in the red alga Porphyridium cruentum. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00408244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Lee YK, Tan HM. Effect of temperature, light intensity and dilution rate on the cellular composition of red algaPorphyridium cruentum in light-limited chemostat cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01301953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Pekárková B, Hindák F, Šmarda J. Morphological Characteristics and Physiological Properties of a Coccoid Rhodophycean Alga Rhodella grisea from Thermal Springs at Pieštny, Czechoslovakia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9365(88)80055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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