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Ulmer JE, Vilén EM, Namburi RB, Benjdia A, Beneteau J, Malleron A, Bonnaffé D, Driguez PA, Descroix K, Lassalle G, Le Narvor C, Sandström C, Spillmann D, Berteau O. Characterization of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfatases from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals the first GAG-specific bacterial endosulfatase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24289-303. [PMID: 25002587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the microbiota in human physiology, the molecular bases that govern the interactions between these commensal bacteria and their host remain poorly understood. We recently reported that sulfatases play a key role in the adaptation of a major human commensal bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to its host (Benjdia, A., Martens, E. C., Gordon, J. I., and Berteau, O. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 25973-25982). We hypothesized that sulfatases are instrumental for this bacterium, and related Bacteroides species, to metabolize highly sulfated glycans (i.e. mucins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)) and to colonize the intestinal mucosal layer. Based on our previous study, we investigated 10 sulfatase genes induced in the presence of host glycans. Biochemical characterization of these potential sulfatases allowed the identification of GAG-specific sulfatases selective for the type of saccharide residue and the attachment position of the sulfate group. Although some GAG-specific bacterial sulfatase activities have been described in the literature, we report here for the first time the identity and the biochemical characterization of four GAG-specific sulfatases. Furthermore, contrary to the current paradigm, we discovered that B. thetaiotaomicron possesses an authentic GAG endosulfatase that is active at the polymer level. This type of sulfatase is the first one to be identified in a bacterium. Our study thus demonstrates that bacteria have evolved more sophisticated and diverse GAG sulfatases than anticipated and establishes how B. thetaiotaomicron, and other major human commensal bacteria, can metabolize and potentially tailor complex host glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Ulmer
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, the AgroParisTech, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Morssing Vilén
- the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramesh Babu Namburi
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alhosna Benjdia
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, the AgroParisTech, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Beneteau
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, the AgroParisTech, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annie Malleron
- the ICMMO/G2M/LCOM/UMR 8182(CNRS-UPS), LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and
| | - David Bonnaffé
- the ICMMO/G2M/LCOM/UMR 8182(CNRS-UPS), LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and
| | | | - Karine Descroix
- Sanofi R&D, Early to Candidate Unit, 195 Route d'Espagne, BP13669, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Gilbert Lassalle
- Sanofi R&D, Early to Candidate Unit, 195 Route d'Espagne, BP13669, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christine Le Narvor
- the ICMMO/G2M/LCOM/UMR 8182(CNRS-UPS), LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, and
| | - Corine Sandström
- the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Olivier Berteau
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, the AgroParisTech, ChemSyBio, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France,
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3
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Roy S, El Hadri A, Richard S, Denis F, Holte K, Duffner J, Yu F, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Capila I, Schultes B, Petitou M, Kaundinya GV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a unique heparin mimetic hexasaccharide for structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4511-20. [PMID: 24786387 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the structure-activity relationship studies of heparin/heparan sulfate with their diverse binding partners such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix proteins have been limited yet provide early insight that specific sequences contribute to this manifold biological role. This has led to an impetus for the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of these complex polysaccharides, which can provide an effective tool for this goal. The synthesis of three heparin mimetic hexasaccharides with distinct structural patterns is described herein, and the influence of the targeted substitution on their bioactivity profiles is studied using in vitro affinity and/or inhibition toward different growth factors and proteins. Additionally, the particularly challenging synthesis of an irregular hexasaccharide is reported, which, interestingly, in spite of being considerably structurally similar with its two counterparts, displayed a unique and remarkably distinct profile in the test assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Roy
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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4
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Du Y, Lin J, Linhardt RJ. Regioselective Synthesis of L-Idopyranuronic Acid Derivatives: Intermolecular Aglycon Transfer of Dithioacetal Under Standard Glycosylation Conditions. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708005753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Du
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jihong Lin
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- a Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Iowa , PHAR-S328, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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5
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Noti C, Seeberger PH. Chemical Approaches to Define the Structure-Activity Relationship of Heparin-like Glycosaminoglycans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:731-56. [PMID: 16039522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin, the drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, has been shown to interact with many proteins. Despite its widespread medical use, little is known about the precise sequences that interact with specific proteins. The minimum heparin binding sequence for FGF1 and FGF2 necessary to promote signaling was investigated. A characteristic pentasaccharide sequence, DEFGH, is required to accelerate the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa in the blood-coagulation cascade. The first synthetic heparin pentasaccharide drug has been approved in Europe and the US and is sold under the trade name Arixtra. Other oligosaccharides with different composition are under clinical investigation. The enormous interest in the assembly of heparin oligosaccharides will stimulate the development of new synthetic approaches. Heparin-oligosaccharide-synthesis automation similar to that of DNA or peptide synthesis will play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Noti
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI F315, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Ke W, Whitfield DM, Brisson JR, Enright G, Jarrell HC, Wu WG. Development of specific inhibitors for heparin-binding proteins based on the cobra cardiotoxin structure: an effective synthetic strategy for rationally modified heparin-like disaccharides and a trisaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:355-72. [PMID: 15680590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new heparin disaccharide-binding site on the convex side of cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) was identified by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. To further characterize this site two heparin-like disaccharides were synthesized for binding studies with CTX, and a trisaccharide was synthesized for testing the sequence of the disaccharide binding to CTX. Thus six differentially protected monosaccharide building blocks (three l-iduronic acids and three d-glucosamines) were prepared. These include a l-iduronic acid elongation building block namely methyl 2-O-acetyl-4-O-levulinoyl-3-O-pivaloyl-alpha-l-idopyranosyluronate trichloroacetimidate for which a single-crystal X-ray structure was determined to have M(r)=576.79, a=9.3098(11)A alpha=90 degrees , b=10.3967(12)A beta=90 degrees , c=28.026(3)A gamma=90 degrees , V=2712.7(6)A(3), P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z=4, mu=0.71073A, and R=0.0378 for 7586 observed reflections. It shows that the molecular structure of the donor is in the (1)C(4) conformation with significant 1,3-diaxial interactions between O-1 and O-3 as well as O-2 and O-4. The disaccharides and trisaccharide vary in the degree and position of O- and N-sulfation. The pivaloyl group was used as permanent protecting group of hydroxyl. The levulinoyl group was used as the temporary protecting group to protect the hydroxyl for elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Ke
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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9
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Poletti L, Lay L. Chemical Contributions to Understanding Heparin Activity: Synthesis of Related Sulfated Oligosaccharides. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro Interdisciplinare Studi bio‐molecolari e applicazioni Industriali (CISI), Università degli Studi di Milano, and CNR (Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari), Via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐02/50314061
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro Interdisciplinare Studi bio‐molecolari e applicazioni Industriali (CISI), Università degli Studi di Milano, and CNR (Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari), Via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐02/50314061
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10
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Tabeur C, Mallet JM, Bono F, Herbert JM, Petitou M, Sinaÿ P. Oligosaccharides corresponding to the regular sequence of heparin: chemical synthesis and interaction with FGF-2. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2003-12. [PMID: 10530949 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that oligosaccharides corresponding to the so-called regular region of heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) bind to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In order to explore the molecular basis of FGF/HS interaction, we describe here the chemical synthesis of a tetra and a hexasaccharide, prepared as methyl glycosides, corresponding to the regular sequence of heparin. The strategy relies on the efficient preparation of three building blocks: a seeding block, an elongating block and a capping block. The hexasaccharide inhibited the binding of FGF-2 on its receptor on human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells with an IC50 value (16+/-1.2 microg/mL) close to that of standard heparin (14.8+/-0.5 microg/mL) whereas the tetrasaccharide was much less potent (IC50 = 127+/-10.5 microg/mL). The hexasaccharide and heparin, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner FGF-2 (30 nM) induced proliferation (IC50 = 23.7+/-1.6 and 30.1+/-1.3 microg/mL, respectively). Under the same experimental conditions, the tetrasaccharide only slightly inhibited the mitogenic effect of FGF-2 (IC50 > 100 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabeur
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Associé au CNRS, Paris, France
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11
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Bazin HG, Wolff MW, Linhardt RJ. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of beta-D-Gluco-, alpha-L-Ido-, and alpha-L-Altropyranosiduronic Acids from Delta(4)-Uronates. J Org Chem 1999; 64:144-152. [PMID: 11674096 DOI: 10.1021/jo981477k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic, alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic, and alpha-L-altropyranosiduronic acids has been performed from different Delta(4)-uronate monosaccharides. Bromination of the C-4,5 double bond provided the trans-diaxial bromohydrin derivatives, which were converted to the corresponding epoxides in high yields. Direct reduction of the epoxides using borane-tetrahydrofuran complex led to the corresponding glucuronic acids in low to good yields. Glucuronic acids were also obtained in satisfactory yields through a two-steps procedure involving bromination of the epoxide with titanium(IV) bromide followed by reduction using tributyltin hydride. Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangement of these epoxides led to the corresponding alpha-L C-4 ketopyranosides adopting the (1)C(4) chair conformation. Hydride reduction afforded the alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic or the alpha-L-altropyranosiduronic acids, the stereoselectivity of the reduction being controlled by the appropriate substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène G. Bazin
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, PHAR-S328, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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