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Gintner M, Yoneda Y, Schmölzer C, Denner C, Kählig H, Schmid W. A versatile de novo synthesis of legionaminic acid and 4-epi-legionaminic acid starting from d-serine. Carbohydr Res 2019; 474:34-42. [PMID: 30711766 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Legionaminic acid and 4-epi-legionaminic acid are 5,7-diacetamido nonulosonic acids and are assumed to play a crucial role in the virulence of Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease. Moreover, they are ideal target motifs for the development of vaccines and pathogen detection. Herein, we present a versatile de novo synthesis of legionaminic acid and 4-epi-legionaminic acid. Starting from simple d-serine, the C9-backbone is built up by two CC-bond formation reactions. First, the protected d-serine motif is elongated utilizing a highly stereoselective nitroaldol reaction to give a C6-precursor of desired d-rhamno configuration. Second, an indium-mediated allylation is employed to further elongate the carbon backbone and introduce a masked α-keto acid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gintner
- AG Schmid, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Yuko Yoneda
- Facultiy of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836, Ohya, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Christoph Schmölzer
- AG Schmid, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Denner
- AG Schmid, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- AG Schmid, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walther Schmid
- AG Schmid, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Drouillard S, Jeacomine I, Buon L, Boisset C, Courtois A, Thollas B, Morvan PY, Vallée R, Helbert W. Structure of the Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Marine Strain Vibrio alginolyticus. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050164. [PMID: 29762521 PMCID: PMC5983295 DOI: 10.3390/md16050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4151) secretes an exopolysaccharide whose carbohydrate backbone is decorated with amino acids, likely conferring its properties that are appreciated in cosmetics. Here, the secreted polysaccharide of another strain of V. alginolyticus (CNCM I-5034) was characterized by chromatography and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. The structure was resolved and shows that the carbohydrate backbone is made of four residues: D-galactose (Gal), D-galacturonic acid (GalA) D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), forming a tetrasaccharide repetition unit [→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc(1→]. GlcA is derivatized with a lactate group giving ‘nosturonic acid’, and GalA is decorated with the amino acid alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Drouillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Isabelle Jeacomine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Laurine Buon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Claire Boisset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Anthony Courtois
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | | | | | - William Helbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
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4
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Santra A, Xiao A, Yu H, Li W, Li Y, Ngo L, McArthur JB, Chen X. A Diazido Mannose Analogue as a Chemoenzymatic Synthon for Synthesizing Di-N
-acetyllegionaminic Acid-Containing Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Linh Ngo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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5
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Santra A, Xiao A, Yu H, Li W, Li Y, Ngo L, McArthur JB, Chen X. A Diazido Mannose Analogue as a Chemoenzymatic Synthon for Synthesizing Di-N-acetyllegionaminic Acid-Containing Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2929-2933. [PMID: 29349857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic synthon was designed to expand the scope of the chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. The synthon was enzymatically converted into carbohydrate analogues, which were readily derivatized chemically to produce the desired targets. The strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of glycosides containing 7,9-di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2 ), a bacterial nonulosonic acid (NulO) analogue of sialic acid. A versatile library of α2-3/6-linked Leg5,7Ac2 -glycosides was built by using chemically synthesized 2,4-diazido-2,4,6-trideoxymannose as a chemoenzymatic synthon for highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation followed by downstream chemical conversion of the azido groups into acetamido groups. The syntheses required 10 steps from commercially available d-fucose and had an overall yield of 34-52 %, thus representing a significant improvement over previous methods. Free Leg5,7Ac2 monosaccharide was also synthesized by a sialic acid aldolase-catalyzed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Linh Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John B McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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6
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Carter JR, Kiefel MJ. A new approach to the synthesis of legionaminic acid analogues. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35768-35775. [PMID: 35547932 PMCID: PMC9088180 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionaminic acid is a member of the nonulosonic acids, which are a class of sugars considered to be a virulence factor within a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria. We have developed a synthetic pathway towards C-7 analogues of legionaminic acid starting from Neu5Ac, resulting in the complete synthesis of both legionaminic acid, and its C-7 epimer, from a common precurser. Our approach involves the late-stage introduction of the requisite C-7 nitrogen functionality, thus making our strategy amenable to the introduction of a range of different amide groups at C-7 of legionaminic acid. We report the synthesis of the bacterial nonulosonic acid legionaminic acid, together with its C-7 epimer, from a common precursor derived from N-acetylneuraminic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Carter
- Institute for Glycomics
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus
- Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus
- Australia
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Zunk M, Williams J, Carter J, Kiefel MJ. A new approach towards the synthesis of pseudaminic acid analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:2918-25. [PMID: 24687140 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pseudaminic acids are a family of 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynonulosonic acids that are essential components of bacterial polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This paper describes our approach towards the synthesis of analogues of pseudaminic acid, and involves the efficient introduction of the requisite nitrogen functionalities from a readily available precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zunk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Zunk M, Kiefel MJ. The occurrence and biological significance of the α-keto-sugars pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid within pathogenic bacteria. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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9
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Knirel YA, Shevelev SD, Perepelov AV. Higher aldulosonic acids: components of bacterial glycans. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
In order to survive extremes of pH, temperature, salinity and pressure, organisms have been found to develop unique defences against their environment, leading to the biosynthesis of novel molecules ranging from simple osmolytes and lipids to complex secondary metabolites. This review highlights novel molecules isolated from microorganisms that either tolerate or favour extreme growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Mazumder K, Choudhury BP, Nair GB, Sen AK. Identification of a novel sugar 5,7-diacetamido-8-amino-3,5,7,8,9-pentadeoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid present in the lipooligosaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:345-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Hashii N, Isshiki Y, Iguchi T, Kondo S. Structural characterization of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O-untypeable strain KX-V212 isolated from a patient. Carbohydr Res 2004; 338:2711-9. [PMID: 14670729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain KX-V212 of a novel serotype, which does not belong to any of the known 13 O-serotypes of this vibrio, was isolated from a patient. Its O-antigen harbors a unique strain-specific O-antigenic factor(s), in addition to that shared by the O-antigen of V. parahaemolyticus serotype O2. A carbohydrate backbone nonasaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of strain KX-V212 by dephosphorylation, reduction and deacylation and found to consist of one residue each of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-GlcN, 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) and 5-acetamido-7-(N-acetyl-D-alanyl)amino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Non5Ac7Ala), and two residues each of D-GlcA and L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (LD-Hep). Analysis of the isolated and deacylated lipid A showed that this oligosaccharide was an artifact resulting from a loss of one GlcN residue from the lipid A backbone. Therefore, the carbohydrate backbone of the LPS is a decasaccharide having the structure shown below. The initial LPS contains also D-GalA and phosphoethanolamine at unknown positions. Both similarity and differences are observed between the LPS of V. parahaemolyticus serotype O2 and strain KX-V212. [carbohydrate structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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13
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Knirel YA, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov YE, Jansson PE, Zãhringer U. 5,7-DIAMINO-3,5,7,9-TETRADEOXYNON-2-ULOSONIC ACIDS IN BACTERIAL GLYCOPOLYMERS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2003; 58:371-417. [PMID: 14719362 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(03)58007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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