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Sigida EN, Zdorovenko EL, Shashkov AS, Dmitrenok AS, Fedonenko YP. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Ochrobactrum endophyticum KCTC 42485 T containing 3-(3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxoprolyl)amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose. Carbohydr Res 2023; 527:108810. [PMID: 37040681 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Ochrobactrum endophyticum (syn. Brucella endophytica) is an aerobic species of Alphaproteobacteria isolated from healthy roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Here we report the structure of the O-specific polysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of the type strain KCTC 42485:→3)-α-l-FucpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-QuipNAc-(1→2)-β-d-Fucp3NAcyl-(1→ where Acyl is 3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxoprolyl. The structure was elucidated using chemical analyses along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy (including 1H,1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY and 1H,13C HSQC, HMBC, HSQC-TOCSY and HSQC-NOESY experiments). To our knowledge the OPS structure is novel and has not been previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, FRC Saratov Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 13, Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, FRC Saratov Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 13, Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
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Garcia-Vello P, Speciale I, Di Lorenzo F, Molinaro A, De Castro C. Dissecting Lipopolysaccharide Composition and Structure by GC-MS and MALDI Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2548:181-209. [PMID: 36151499 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are the main components of the external leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They exert multiple functions, starting from conferring stability to the bacterial membrane to mediating the interaction of the microbe with the external environment. The composition and the structure of LPSs present tremendous diversity even within bacteria of the same species, and for this reason, the determination of the structure of these molecules is crucial because it can provide information on the motifs key for the virulence of a pathogen or that are associated to a bacterium of the commensal or beneficial microbiota. In addition, structural data disclose the effects triggered from a mutation or from the use of an antibiotic, or they can be used as tools to check the quality of adjuvants and/or medications, as vaccines, that make use of LPS.The structural study of LPSs is complex, and it can be achieved with the right combination of different techniques. In this frame, this chapter focuses on the two MS-based approaches, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Portici, Italy.
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Karmakar M, Mondal H, Ghosh NN, Chattopadhyay PK, Singha NR. Synthesis of gum tragacanth-grafted pentapolymer hydrogels for As(III) exclusion: Roles of microwaves, RSM optimization, and DFT studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:909-925. [PMID: 34144070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted homogeneous heating, selectivity in radical formation, and the faster polymerization facilitate the synthesis, structures, properties, and the higher branching associated stability of multifunctional multipolymers. Thus, the optimum gum tragacanth (GMTR)-grafted pentapolymer hydrogel/ HG2 was synthesized from three monomers, i.e., cis-butenedioic acid (cBDA), N-hydroxymethylacryalamide (NHMAm), and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanol (MAOE), and in situ generated 2-(3-((hydroxymethyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)ethyl-2-methylbutanoate (CM1) and 2-hydroxyethyl 3-(N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylbutanamido)-2-methylpropanoate (CM2) comonomers through microwave assisted facile polymerization in aqueous medium. Here, twenty-one GMTR-grafted-[cBDA-co-CM1-co-NHMAm-co-CM2-co-MAOE/ HG1] hydrogels were prepared by using variable amounts of synthesis parameters, of which the optimum HG2 was chosen for the scale-up repetitive As(III)-exclusion. RSM was used to measure the optimum power-temperature-time of microwave irradiation. The structures of HG1, HG2, and As(III)-adsorbed HG2/ As(III)-HG2, in situ anchored comonomers, GMTR-grafting, reusability, thermostability, and surface phenomena were comprehended by XPS, NMR, UV-vis, FTIR, TG, XRD, DLS, and SEM analyses; pHPZC; network parameters; and thermodynamic variables. The geometries, electronic structures, and variable coordinations of As(III) with HG2 were investigated through DFT studies of HG2 and As(OH)3-HG2. The highest exclusion efficiency of 25 mg HG2 within 5-100 mg L-1 As(III) and at 298 K was 192.91 mg g-1, which was significantly higher than that of HG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Karmakar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Himarati Mondal
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Narendra Nath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, NH12, Mokdumpur, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Block-LB-11, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
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Wu J, Yang R, Gao M, Zhang H, Zhan X. Synthesis of functional oligosaccharides and their derivatives through cocultivation and cellular NTP regeneration. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 115:35-63. [PMID: 34140133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play an important role in the life cycle. Among them, functional oligosaccharides show a complex and diverse structures with unique physiological activities and biological functions. However, different preparation methods directly affect the structure, molecular weight, and other functions of oligosaccharides, as well as their application fields and manufacturing costs. In the preparation of β-1,3-glucan oligosaccharides (OBGs), water insolubility of β-1,3-glucans hampers the hydrolysis efficiency. The synthesis of some functional oligosaccharides requires the consumption of energy substrates, such as ATP, CTP, and uridine triphosphate, for sugar nucleotide synthesis, leading to increased capital costs. A more economical solution to solve energy supply is to adopt microbial cocultivation or cellular nucleoside triphosphate regeneration. This review focused on the sources, preparation methods, biological activities of OBG, and the cultivation methods and applications of microbial cocultivation and fermentation. We also reviewed the preparation methods of other functional oligosaccharides, such as sialylated oligosaccharides, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, and α-galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Speciale I, Di Lorenzo F, Gargiulo V, Erbs G, Newman M, Molinaro A, De Castro C. Biopolymer Skeleton Produced by
Rhizobium radiobacter
: Stoichiometric Alternation of Glycosidic and Amidic Bonds in the Lipopolysaccharide O‐Antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6368-6374. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Valentina Gargiulo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
- Institute for Research on Combustion (IRC)CNR, Naples (Italy) Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Gitte Erbs
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mari‐Anne Newman
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Università 100 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
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Speciale I, Di Lorenzo F, Gargiulo V, Erbs G, Newman M, Molinaro A, De Castro C. Biopolymer Skeleton Produced by
Rhizobium radiobacter
: Stoichiometric Alternation of Glycosidic and Amidic Bonds in the Lipopolysaccharide O‐Antigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Valentina Gargiulo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
- Institute for Research on Combustion (IRC)CNR, Naples (Italy) Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Gitte Erbs
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mari‐Anne Newman
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Napoli Via Università 100 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
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Structure of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from Pantoea ananatis AEP17, a rhizobacterium associated with rice. Carbohydr Res 2013; 369:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Di Lorenzo F, Silipo A, Costello A, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Callaghan M, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, McClean S, Molinaro A. Structural Study of the Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Produced by the Emerging Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Pandoraea pulmonicola. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between a legume plant and its rhizobial symbiont requires that the bacterium adapt to changing conditions that occur with the host plant that both promotes and allows infection of the host root nodule cell, regulates and resists the host defense response, permits the exchange of metabolites, and contributes to the overall health of the host. This adaptive process involves changes to the bacterial cell surface and, therefore, structural modifications to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this chapter, we describe the structures of the LPSs from symbiont members of the Rhizobiales, the genetics and mechanism of their biosynthesis, the modifications that occur during symbiosis, and their possible functions.
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De Castro C, Molinaro A, Lanzetta R, Silipo A, Parrilli M. Lipopolysaccharide structures from Agrobacterium and Rhizobiaceae species. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1924-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kilcoyne M, Moran AP, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Ferris JA, Corcoran AT, Savage AV. Molecular origin of two polysaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni 81116. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 263:214-22. [PMID: 16978359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the polysaccharide molecules of the human enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni has been the subject of debate. Previously, C. jejuni 81116 was shown to contain two different polysaccharides, one acidic (polysaccharide A) and the other neutral (polysaccharide B), occurring in a 3 : 1 ratio, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular origin of these polysaccharides. Using a combination of centrifugation, gel permeation chromatography, chemical assays, and (1)H-NMR analysis, polysaccharide B was shown to be derived from lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide A from capsular polysaccharide. Thus, C. jejuni 81116 produces both lipopolysaccharide-like molecules and capsular polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kilcoyne
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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De Castro C, Carannante A, Lanzetta R, Lindner B, Nunziata R, Parrilli M, Holst O. Structural Characterisation of the Core Oligosaccharides Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide Fraction ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens A1. Chemistry 2006; 12:4668-74. [PMID: 16550619 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three different oligosaccharide structures from the lipooligosaccharide fraction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A1 were determined by means of chemical and spectrometrical methods. The peculiar feature of this oligosaccharide family consisted of its unusual length, that was very close to the that minimal requested for the external membrane functionality as exemplified from oligosaccharide 3, where the inner core is glycosylated from only one sugar moiety onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Gu X, Bar-Peled M. The biosynthesis of UDP-galacturonic acid in plants. Functional cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis UDP-D-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 136:4256-64. [PMID: 15563616 PMCID: PMC535855 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.052365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
UDP-GlcA 4-epimerase (UGlcAE) catalyzes the epimerization of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) to UDP-alpha-D-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA). UDP-GalA is a precursor for the synthesis of numerous cell-surface polysaccharides in bacteria and plants. Using a biochemical screen, a gene encoding AtUGlcAE1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was identified and the recombinant enzyme biochemically characterized. The gene belongs to a small gene family composed of six isoforms. All members of the UGlcAE gene family encode a putative type-II membrane protein and have two domains: a variable N-terminal region approximately 120 amino acids long composed of a predicted cytosolic, transmembrane, and stem domain, followed by a large conserved C-terminal catalytic region approximately 300 amino acids long composed of a highly conserved catalytic domain found in a large protein family of epimerase/dehydratases. The recombinant epimerase has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 43 kD, although size-exclusion chromatography suggests that it may exist as a dimer (approximately 88 kD). AtUGlcAE1 forms UDP-GalA with an equilibrium constant value of approximately 1.9 and has an apparent K(m) value of 720 microm for UDP-GlcA. The enzyme has maximum activity at pH 7.5 and is active between 20 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Arabidopsis AtUGlcAE1 is not inhibited by UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, or UMP. However, the enzyme is inhibited by UDP-Xyl and UDP-Ara, suggesting that these nucleotide sugars have a role in regulating the synthesis of pectin. The cloning of the AtUGlcAE1 gene will increase our ability to investigate the molecular factors that regulate pectin biosynthesis in plants. The availability of a functional recombinant UDP-GlcA 4-epimerase will be of considerable value for the facile generation of UDP-d-GalA in the amounts required for detailed studies of pectin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Gu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712, USA
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